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英语修辞手法（
English
rhetoric
）
1) Simi
le
：
(
明喻）
It is a figure of speech
which makes a comparison between two unlike
elements having at least
one quality or
characteristic (
特性
)in
common. To make the comparison, words like as,
as...as, as
if and like are used to
transfer the quality we
associate with one to the other
明喻
（
si
mile
）
是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，
表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词
like, as, as if, as though
等
For
example,
As
cold
waters
to
a
thirsty
soul,
so
is
good
news
from
a
far
country./
This
elephant is like a
snake as anybody can see.
2) Metaphor
：
(
暗喻）
It is
like a simile, also makes a comparison between two
unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this
comparison is implied rather than
stated.
隐喻（
metaphor
）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是
直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之
间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
For example, the world is a stage./ The
diamond department
was the heart and
center of the store.
3) Analogy: (
类比）
It is also a form of
comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which
usually uses comparison on
one point of
resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two
unlike things that have several
common
qualities or points of resemblance.
4)
Personification: (
拟人）
It gives human form of
feelings to animals, or life and personal
attributes(
赋予
) to
inanimate(
无生
命的
)
objects, or to ideas and abstractions(
抽
象
).
拟人（
personifica
tion
）这种修辞方法是把人类
的特点、特性加于外界事物之
上，使之人格化，以物
拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。
1
、
She
may
have
tens
of
thousand
of
babies
in
one
summer.(From
“
Watching Ants
”
)
一个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子。
这里用“
she
”和
“
babies
”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。
For example, the wind whistled through
the trees.
5) Hyperbole:
(
夸张）
It is the deliberate use of
overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis.
夸张（
hyperbole
）
这是运用丰富的想象，
过激的言词，
渲染和装饰
客观事物，
以达到强调的效果。
1
、
My blood
froze.
我的血液都凝固了。
For instance, he
almost died laughing.
6)
Understatement: (
含蓄陈述）
It is the
opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It
achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by
deliberately(
故意地
)
understating it, impressing the listener or the
reader more by what is merely
implied
or left unsaid than by bare statement.
For instance, It is no laughing matter.
7) Euphemism:
(
委婉）
It is the substitution of an agreeable
or inoffensive(
无冒犯
)
expression for one that may offend or
suggest something unpleasant. For
instance, we refer to
”
pass away
8) Metonymy
(
转喻）
It is a figure of speech that has to do
with the substitution of the mane of one thing for
that of
another. For instance, the pen
(words) is mightier than the sword (forces).
借代（
metonymy
）是
指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
1
、
Several years
later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was
coming to inspect them...
几年以后，他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。
“
word
”在这里代替了“
news, information
”
（消息、信息）
2
、
Al spoke with
his eyes,
“
yes
”
.
艾尔用眼睛说，
“是的”
。
“说”应该是嘴的功能，这里实际上是用眼神表达了“说话的意思”
。
9) Synecdoche
(
提喻）
It
is
involves
the
substitution
of
the
part
for
the
whole,
or
the
whole
for
the
part.
提喻
（
synecdoche
）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具
体
，或以具体代抽象。
1
、
The Great Wall
was made not only of stones and earth, but of the
flesh and blood of millions of
men.
长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，
而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。<
/p>
句中的
“
the flesh
and blood
”
喻为
“
the great
sacrifice
”
（巨大的牺牲）
For instance, they say there's bread
and work
for all. She was dressed in
silks.
10)
Antonomasia (
换喻）
It has also to do with substitution. It
is not often mentioned now, though it is still in
frequent use.
For example, Solomon for
a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge.
Judas for a traitor.
11) Pun:
(
双关语）
It is a play on words, or
rather a play on the form and meaning of words.
双关语（
pun
）是以一
< br>个词或词组，
用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，
以取得一种诙谐有趣的效
果。
Napoleon was
astonished.
”
Either you are
mad, or I am,
”
he declared. <
/p>
“
Both
，
s
ir!
”
cried
the
Swede
proudly.
“<
/p>
Both
”一词一语双关，既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子，又指
这位战
士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役。
For instance, a cannon-ball took off
his legs, so he laid down
his
arms.
(Here
has
two
meanings:
a
person's
body;
weapons
carried
by
a
soldier.)/
Napoleon was
astonished.
”
Either
you are mad, or I
am,
”
he declared.
“
Both
，
sir!
”
cried the Swede proudly.
“
Both
”一词一语
双
关，既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子，又指
这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役
12)
Syllepsis: (
一语双叙）
It has two
connotations.
In the first
case, it is a figure by which a word, or a
particular form or
inflection of
a word, refers to two or
more words in the same sentence, while properly
applying to or agreeing
with only on of
them in grammar or
syntax(
句法
). For example, He
addressed you and me, and
desired us to
follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and
me.) In the second case, it a word
may
refer to two or more words in the same sentence.
For example, while he was fighting , and
losing limb and mind, and dying, others
stayed behind to pursue education and career.
(Here to
losing one's limbs in literal;
to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go
mad.)
13) Zeugma:
(
轭式搭配）
It is a single word which is made to
modify or to govern two or more words in the same
sentence,
wither properly applying in
sense to only one of them, or applying to them in
different senses. For
example, The sun
shall not burn you by day, nor the
moon by night. (Here noon is not strong
enough to burn)
14) Irony:
(
反语）
It
is
a
figure
of
speech
that
achieves
emphasis
by
saying
the
opposite
of
what
is
meant,
the
intended meaning of the words being the
opposite of their usual sense.
反语（
irony
）是指用含蓄
的褒义词语来表示其反面的
意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默，更加讽刺的效果。
Well,
of
course,
I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large
notes.
啊，当然，我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。
店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客：
像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢？名
为“
gentlemen
”实则“
be
ggar
”而已。
For instance, we are lucky, what you
said makes me feel real good.
15)
Innuendo: (
暗讽）
It is a mild form of irony,
hinting in a rather roundabout
(
曲折
)way at something
disparaging(
不
一致
)
or
uncomplimentary(
不赞美
)
to
the
person
or
subject
mentioned.
For
example,
the
weatherman said it would be worm. He
must take his readings in a bathroom.
16)
Sarcasm: (
讽刺）
It Sarcasm is a strong form
of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter
manner, and its aim is to
disparage,
ridicule
and
wound
the
feelings
of
the
subject
attacked.
For
example,
laws
are
like
cobwebs,
which may catch small flies, but let wasps
break through.
17)
Paradox: (
似非而是的隽语）
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