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英语修辞手法（
English
rhetoric
）
1) Simile
：
(
明喻）
It
is
a
figure
of
speech
which
makes
a
comparison
between
two
unlike
elements
having
at
least
one
quality
or
characteristic
(
特性
)in
common.
To
make
the
comparison,
words
like as, as...as, as
if and like are used to transfer the quality we
associate with one to the other
明喻（
simile
）是以两种具有相同特征的事物
和现象
进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词<
/p>
like,
as,
as
if,
as
though
等
For
example,
As
cold
waters
to
a
thirsty
soul,
so
is
good news
from a far country./ This elephant is
like a snake as anybody can see.
2) Me
taphor
：
(
暗喻）
It
is
like
a
simile,
also
makes
a
comparison
between
two
unlike
elements,
but
unlike
a simile, this
comparison is implied rather than stated.
< br>隐喻（
metaphor
）这种比
喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之
间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
For example,
the world is a stage./ The diamond
department was the heart and center of
the store.
3) Analogy:
(
类比）
It is also a
form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor
which usually uses
comparison
on
one
point
of
resemblance,
analogy
draws
a
parallel
between
two
unlike
things
that have several common qualities or points of
resemblance.
4)
Personification: (
拟人）
It gives human form of feelings to
animals, or life and personal
attributes(
赋予
)
to
inanimate(
无生命的
) objects, or
to ideas and abstractions(
抽象
).
拟人
（
personificat
ion
）
这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、
特性加于外界事物之上，
使之人格化，
以物
< br>
拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。
1
、
She
may
have
tens
of
thousand
of
babies
in
one
summer.(From“
Watching
Ants”) 一个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子。
这里用“she”
和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。<
/p>
For
example,
the
wind
whistled
through
the
trees.
5)
Hyperbole: (
夸张）
It
is
the
deliberate
use
of
overstatement
or
exaggeration
to
achieve
emphasis.
夸
张（
hyperbole
）这是运
用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的
效果。
1
、
My
blood
froze.
我的血液都凝固了。
For
instance,
he
almost
died
laughing.
6)
Understatement: (
含蓄陈述）
It is the opposite of hyperbole, or
overstatement. It achieves its effect of
emphasizing
a
fact
by
deliberately(
故意地
)
understating
it,
impressing
the
listener
or
the
reader
more
by
what
is
merely
implied
or
left
unsaid
than
by
bare
statement.
For instance, It is no laughing matter.
7) Euphemism:
(
委婉）
It is the
substitution of an agreeable or
inoffensive(
无冒犯
) expression
for one
that may offend or suggest
something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to
as” pass away
8) Metonymy (
转喻）
It is a figure of speech that has to
do with the substitution of the mane of one
thing
for
that
of
another.
For
instance,
the
pen
(words)
is
mightier
than
the
sword
(forces).
借
代
（
metonymy
）是指两种不同
事物并不相似，
但又密不可分，因而常用其中一
种事物名称代替
另一种。
1
、
Several years
later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was
coming to inspect
them...
几年以后，他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。
“word”在这里代替了“news,
information”（消息、信息）
2
、Al spoke with his
eyes,“yes”.
艾尔用眼睛说，“是的”。
“说”
应该是嘴的功能，这里实际上是用眼神表达了“说话的意思”。
9) Synecdoche
(
提喻）
It is
involves the substitution of the part for the
whole, or the whole for the
part.
提喻（
synecdoche
）又称举隅法，主要
特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或
以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。
1
、
The
Great
Wall
was
made
not
only
of
stones
and
earth,
but
of
the
flesh
and
blood
of millions of men.
长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。
句中的“the
flesh
and
blood”喻为“the
great
sacrifice”
（巨大的牺牲）
For
instance,
they say
there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in
silks.
10)
Antonomasia (
换喻）
It has also to do with substitution. It
is not often mentioned now, though it is
still in frequent use. For example,
Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and
fair judge. Judas for a traitor.
11) Pun:
(
双关语）
It is a
play on words, or rather a play on the form and
meaning of words.
双关
语（
pun
）是以一个词或词组，用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起
来，以取得
一种诙谐有趣的效果。
Napoleon was
astonis
hed.”Either you are mad, or I
am,”he
declared. “Both，sir!”cried the
Swede proudly. “Both”一词一语双关，既指拿破
仑和这位士兵都
是疯子，又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役。
For instance,
a
cannon-ball took off his legs, so he
laid down his arms. (Here
meanings: a
person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)/
Napoleon was
astonished.”Either
you
are
mad,
or
I
am,”he
declared.
“Both，sir!”cried
the
Swede
proudly.
“Both”
一词一语双
关，既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子，又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役
< br>
12) Syllepsis:
(
一语双叙）
It has
two connotations. In the first case, it is a
figure by which a word, or
a particular
form or inflection of
a word, refers
to two or more words in the same sentence, while
properly applying
to or agreeing with
only on of them in grammar or
syntax(
句法
). For example, He
addressed you and me, and desired us to
follow him. (Here us is used to refer to
you and me.) In the second case, it a
word may refer to two or more words in the
same sentence. For example, while he
was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and
dying, others stayed behind to pursue
education and career. (Here to losing one's
limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is
figurative, and means to go mad.)
13) Zeugma:
(
轭式搭配）
It is a
single word which is made to modify or to govern
two or more words in the
same sentence,
wither properly applying in sense to only one of
them, or applying
to them in different
senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by
day, nor
the
moon by night.
(Here noon is not strong enough to burn)
14) Irony:
(
反语）
It is a
figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying
the opposite of what is
meant, the
intended meaning of the words being the opposite
of their usual sense.
反语
（
irony
）是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义，从而达到使本
义更加幽默，更
加讽刺的效果。
Well,
of
course,
I
knew
that
gentlemen
like
you
carry
only
large
notes.
啊，当然，我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。
店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客：
像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢？名
为“gentlemen”实则“beggar”而已。
For instance, we are lucky, what you
said makes me feel real good.
15) Innuendo:
(
暗讽）
It is a
mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout
(
曲折
)way at something
disparaging(
不一致
)
or
uncomplimentary(
不赞美
)
to
the
person
or
subject
mentioned.
For example, the
weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his
readings in a
bathroom.
16) Sarcasm: (
讽刺）
It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony.
It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner,
and
its
aim
is
to
disparage,
ridicule
and
wound
the
feelings
of
the
subject
attacked.
For example, laws are like cobwebs,
which may catch small flies, but let wasps
break through.
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