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螃
1
、
Language is
a system
of
arbitrary vocal symbols
used for human
communication.
<
/p>
薈
2
、
Phon
ology is
the study
of the
sound systems of
language, aims to
discover
how speech sounds in a
language form patterns and
how these sounds are used
to
convey meaning in
linguistic
communication.
膆
3
、
A
phoneme is
a
phonological
unit which is
of distinctive value. It
is an
abstract unit. It is not any
particular sound, but rather
it is represented or realized
by a certain phone in a
certain phonetic context.
羅
4
、
Minimal pairs
最小
对立体
When two
different
forms (word forms) are
identical in every way
except for one sound
segment
which occurs in
the same place in the
strings, the two forms are
said to form a minimal
pair.
羀
5
、
Free variants
自由变
体
If two sounds occurring
in
the same environment
(phonetic
environment) do
not contrast, that is,
the
substitution of one for the
other does not produce a
different word form, but
merely a different
pronunciation of the same
word, then the two sounds
are said to be free
variants.
荿
6
、
Complementary
distribution
互补分布
When two sounds never
occur in the same
environment, they are said
to be in complementary
Distribution.
羅
7
、
suprasegmental
features.
The phonemic
features, such
as
stress ,tone, intonation ,that
occur above the level of
the
segments are called
suprasegmental
features.
肅
8
、
Word is
a
unit of
expression which has
universal intuitive by
native speakers, whether it
is expressed in spoken or
written is
another
definition about
the word
—
the smallest
of
the linguistic units
which can occur on
its own
in speech or
writing.
莀
9
、
grammatical and
lexical word.
In
terms of
meaning expressed by
words, they can be
classified into grammatical
words and lexical words.
Those which express
grammatical meanings,
such
as, conjunctions,
prepositions,
articles and
pronouns, are
grammatical words.
Those
which have lexical
meaning, that is,
those
which refer to substance,
action and quality, such as
nouns, verbs, adjectives and
adverbs are
lexical words.
螇
10<
/p>
、
Morpheme is
the
immediate concern of
morphology. It is the
smallest unit of language in
terms of relationship
between expression and
content, a unit that cannot
be divided into smaller units
without destroying or
drastically altering the
meaning, whether it is
lexical or grammatical.
羇
11
、
A
free morpheme is
one that may
constitute a
word by itself.
A bound
morpheme
is
one that can
not be used
by itself, but
must be combined with
other morphemes to form
words.
肅
12
、
Inflection
is
the
manifestation of
grammatical relationships
through the addition of
inflectional affixes, such as
number, person, finiteness,
aspect, and case which do
not change the grammatical
class of the stems to which
they are attached.
螁
13
、<
/p>
Compounds cover
a
wide range of different
relations between lexical
words. In a compound, the
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