-
Unit 1 Women of achievement
1
．
achieve
v.
完成，达到；实现，获得
achievement
：
n.
完成；达到；成绩；成就
e.g
He will never achieve
anything if he doesn?t work
hard.
不努力工作他什么也做不成。
The company has
achieved a 100% increase in profitability.
< br>这个公司在利润方面获得了百分
之百的增长
We felt a great sense of achievement
when we reached the top of the mountain.
当我们到达山
顶的时候，我们有一种很大的成就感。
2
．
connection:
联系；关系；连接物；连接，联结
(with/between)
Pl.
亲属；亲戚
e.g
There is a strong connection between
smoking and heart disease.
吸烟和心脏病之间有很大的<
/p>
联系。
The company has
a connection with a number of Japanese firms.
这个公司和日本的好多公
司有联系。
This town has very good road and
railway connections with the coast.
这个小镇
和海岸之间
有着很好的公路及铁路连接。
She ?s English but she has Irish
connections.
她是英格兰人但她有爱尔兰的亲戚。
in connection with:
有关
e.g
In connection with your requ
est of
March 3, we are sorry to tell you that we can?t
give you a
reply until the manager
comes back next week.
关于你三月三日的请求，
很抱歉地告诉你直到下
周经理回来我们才能给你答复。
3
．
devote… to
…
献身于
…
;
致力于
…
；把
…
奉献于
…
devoted: adj.
忠实的
devotion: n.
热爱，忠诚
e.g
He has devoted all his
life to helping blind people.
他一生都在帮助盲人。
He is my devoted friend. He
is also devoted to his wife.
他是我忠实的朋友，他对
自己的妻子
也很忠诚。
4
．
behave: v.
行为，表现
behavior :n.
e.g
She has been
behaving rather oddly.
他举止很奇怪。
Behave
yourself.
做你自己。
5
．
worthwhile :
adj.
值得的
e.g
We had a long wait, but
it was worthwhile because we got the ticket.
我们等了很久，
不过很值
得，因为我们得到了票。<
/p>
worthwhile:
值得花时间
/
精力
/
金钱
worth:
< br>值得尊敬的
/
重视的
be worth+ n. /doing
worthy:
（表语形容词）值得的
be worthy of +n./being done;be worthy
to be done
1).
This vase was _____ five hundred francs at the
most.
2).
Everybody has roots. It is _______ to search for
his roots.
3).
She proved herself a _______ successor of the
former champion.
4). This book is well _______ reading
and it is ______ of being read a second time.
Keys: 1). worth
2). worthwhile
3). worthy
4). worth; worthy
6
．
observe: v.
看到，注意到；遵守
/
奉行
< br>
observe sb.
do/doing sth.
o
bserve that…
e.g
I observed a stranger
going into the
house.
我看见一个陌生人走进这个房子。
Do
you often observe the speed limit?
7
．
respect: n.
v.
尊敬，尊重
e.g
We should respect each
other.
我们应该互相尊重
respectful:
恭敬的，对人有礼的
respectable;
受
/
被人尊重
e.g
He is a respectful
student. He respects the
teachers.
他是个对人有礼貌的学生，他尊敬老师。
He is respectable teacher.
He is respected by all his students.
他是个
受人尊敬的老师，
他所有学
生都尊重他。
8
．
argue
争论；辩论；说服
Argument: n.
争论，辩论
argue for /
argue against
主张／反对
argue about sth.
争论某事
argue with
sb.
和某人争论
argue sb. into doing sth.
说服某人做某事．
e.g
He often argues with
me.
他常和我争论。
e.g
She argued him into/out
of leaving his job.
她说服他离职。
e.g
His argument
doesn?t hold water.
他的争论站不住脚。
9
．
inspire
激励，鼓舞；赋予
…
灵感
inspire sb. to do
激励某人做某事
inspired
adj
有灵感的
inspiring
adj.
激励人心的
inspiration: n.
灵感
e.g
He tried to inspire them to make greater
efforts.
他试着鼓励它们做出更大努力。
eg.
His speech inspired us
greatly.
他的演讲大大地鼓舞了我们。
eg.
The memory of his
childhood inspired his first
novel.
他对童年的记忆促成了他第一部小说。
10
．
support : v.
承受；支撑；抚养，资助；赞成，支持；
supporter:
n.
支持者
e.g
Do you think those shelves
can support so many books?
你认为那些架子能承受这么多
书
吗？
She needs a
high income to support such a large
family.
她需要高收入来养活这一大家子。
Do you support their demands of
independence?
你支持他们独立的要求吗？
e.g
I?m a strong supporter
of women?s
rights.
我是女权的强烈支持者。
11
．
deliver: v.
传送；把
..
踢向；发表，宣布；给
…
接生
delivery: n
.
e.g
Letters are delivered
every day.
信件每天都会传送。
She
delivered a hard kick to his
knee.
她狠狠地踢了他膝盖一下。
The
doctor delivered her
baby.
医生给她接生。
12
．
mean
的用法
m
ean doing sth.
…
意味着做
…
mean to do sth…
打算做某事
eg.
Doing such a thing means wasting time.
做这样的事儿就是浪费时间
eg.
Do you mean to go
without money?
没有钱你也打算走吗？
13
．
wander
的用法
1
）可以解释为漫步，逛，常与
about
< br>搭配
e.g
We love wandering about the hills
我们喜欢在山上漫步。
2
）还可以解释为脱离，迷失
e.g
Don?t wander off the point
不要离题。
14
“Only +
状语
”
开头的句子要用倒装
eg.
Only in this way can we
learn English
better.
只有用这种方法才能把英语学更好。
Only then did I realize my mistake.
直到那时我才知道我的错误．
15
．
work
out
算出；进行；发展；理解，说出；制定，拟定
eg.
I
can?t
wo
rk out the meaning of the
poem.
我不理解这首诗的意思。
Things have worked out
badly.
事情进展得很糟糕。
work out his
income.
算出他的收入
work out a plan
制定计划
16
．
have/ has been
doing
现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去就已开始，一直持续到现在，
可能还会继续下去．
eg.
He has been reading
since this
morning.
今早起，他一直在看书．
He is very tired; he has
been working hard all day
.
他很累，他一整天都在努力工作
He has been writing a
letter.
他一直在写信．
He has written a
letter.
他已写过信了．
【语法精讲】
：
主谓一致
(Subject-
Verb
Agreement)
，指
”
人称
”
和<
/p>
”
数方面的一致关系
.
< br>如
:
He
is
going
abroad. They are
playing football.
可分为
:
语法一致
,
内容一致
,
就近一致
.
(
一
)
语法一致原则
:
即主语为单数
,
谓语用单数
,
主语
为复数
,
谓语也用复数
.
1.
单数主语即使后面带有
with , along with,
together with, like(
象
), but
(
除了
),except, besides,
as well as, no less than, rather
than(
而不是
), including, in
addition to
引导的短语
,
谓语动词仍
用单数
.
如
: Air as well as water is
matter.
空气和水都是物质
.
No one
except two servants was late for the dinner.
除了两个仆人外
,
没有一个人迟来用餐。
2.
用
and
连接的并列主语
,
如果主语是同一个人
,
同一事<
/p>
,
同一概念
,
谓语动词用单数
,
否则用
复数
.
如
:
The poet and writer has
come.
那位诗人兼作家来了
.(
一个人
)
A hammer and a saw are useful
tools.
锤子和锯都是有用的工具
.
(
两样物
)
用
and
连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体
,
如
:bread and
butter(
黄油抹面包
), knife and
fork(
刀叉
)
等
作主语时
,
谓语动词用单数。
3.
不定式
(
短语
),
动名词
(
短语
),
或从句作主语时
,
谓语动词用单数
.
如
:
Serving the
people is my great happiness.
为人民服务是我最大的幸福
.
When we?ll go out for an outing has
been decided.
我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4.
用
and
连接的并列主语被
each, every
或
no
修饰时
,
谓语动词用单数
.
Every
boy and every girl likes to go swimming.
每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳
.
No teacher and no student was absent
from the meeting.
没有老师也没有学生开会缺席
.
Each man and (each) woman is asked to
help.
每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
5. each of +
复数代词
,
谓语动词用单数
.
复数代词
+each,
谓语动词用单
数
.
如
:
Each of us has something to say.
我们每个人都有话要说。
We
each has something to
say.
我们每个人都有话要说。
6.
若主语中有
more
than
one
或
many
a/an
,
尽管从意义上看是复数
,
但它的谓语动词仍用
单数。
但
more+
复数名词
+than one
做主语时
,
谓语动词仍用复数
.
如
:
Many a boy
likes playing basketball.
许多男生都喜欢打篮球
.
More than one student was
late.
不只一个学生迟到
More
persons than one come to help us.
不止一个人来帮助我们。
7.
none
做主语时
,
谓语动词可用单数
,
也可用复数
;
但在代表不可数的东西
时总是看作单
数
,
因而谓语动词要用单
数
.
如
:
None of us are (is) perfect.
人无完人。
None of this worries me.
这事一点不使我着急。
8.
名词如
: trousers,
scissors, clothes, goods, glasses
等作主语时
,
谓语动词必须用复数
.
如
:
His clothes
are good.
但这些名词前若出现
a pair of ,
谓语一般用单数
.
如
:
A pair of
glasses is on the desk.
桌上有一副眼镜。
9.
形复意单名词如
:news
以
ics
结尾的学科名称如
: physics,
mathematics, economics;
国名
如
: the United
States;
报纸名如
: the New Times;
书名如
: Arabian Night
<
天方夜谈
>;
以及
The
United
Nations<
联合国
>
等作主语时
,
谓语动词用单数。
10.
“a
/one +
名词
+and a
half “, “one and a half +
名词
”, “the number of +
名词
”
等作主语时
,
谓语动词要用单数
.
如
:
Only one and a
half apples is left on the table.
注意
: one or two +
复数名词作主语
,
谓语动词用复数形式
,
如
:
One or two
places have been visited.
参观了一两个地点。
(
二
)
内容一致原则
:
1.
主语中有
all, half,
most, the rest
等
,
以及
”
分数或百分数
+
名词
”
做主语时
,
谓语动词单复数取
决于连用的名词
.
如
:
The rest of the
bikes are on sale today.
剩下的自行车，
今天出售。
60%of the
apple was eaten by little boy.
这个苹果的
60%
< br>都被这个小男孩吃了。
Most of the
apples were rotten.
大部分的苹果都是烂的。
Most
of the apple was eaten by a rat.
这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。
2.
不定数量的词组
,
如
:part of , a lot of , lots
of , one of , a number of , plenty
of
等作主语时
,
谓语动词的单复数
取决于量词后面名词的数
.
如
:
A part of the textbooks have arrived.
一小部分教科书已运到。
A part of the apple has been eaten up
by the pig.
这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。
3.
加减乘除用单数
.
如
< br>:
Fifteen minus five is ten . 15
减去
5
等于
10
。
4.
表示时间
,
金钱
,
距离
,
度量等的名词做主语时
,
尽管是复数形式
,
它们做为一个单一的
概念时
,
其谓语动词用单数
.
如
:
Ten miles is a good distance.
十英里是一个相当的距离。
5.
(1)
通常作复数的集体名词
.
包括
police
,
people,
cattle
等
,
这些集体名词通常用作复数
.
如
:
The British police have
only very limited powers.
(2)
通常作不可数名词的集体名词
.
包括
equipment, furniture,
clothing, luggage
等
.
(3)
可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
.
包括
audience,
committee, government,
6.
the +
形容词
/
过去分词形式
”
表示一类人或事物
,
作主语时
,
谓语动词用复数
.
如
:
The
injured were saved after the fire.
大火过后这些受伤的人被救了。
(
三
)
就近原则
1.
由
here, there, where
等引导的倒装句中
, (
有时主语不止
一个时
)
谓语动词与靠近它的主语
在数
上一致
.
如
:
Here comes the bus
公共汽车来了
.
Here is a
pen and some pieces of paper for you.
给你一支钢笔和几张纸。
Where
is your wife and children to stay while you are
away?
你不在这儿的时候
,
你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？
2.
用连词
or, either.... or,
neither….nor, not only….but also
等连接的并列主语
,
谓
语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。
如：
Neither the
students nor the teacher knows anything about it
学生和老师都不知道这事
.
He
or you have taken my pen.
他或你拿了我的钢笔。
注意
:
one of
+
复数名词
+who/that/which
引导的定语从句中
,
定语从句的动词为复数。如：
Mary is one of those people who keep
pets.
玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。
The only one of
+
复数名词
+ who/that./which
引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。
Mary is the only one of those people
who keeps pets.
玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。
Unit 2 the working land
1.
struggle for sb/sth
为某人
/
某事奋斗
All the
communists should struggle for the communism all
their life.
所有的共
产主义者都要为共产主义事
业奋斗终身。
2. decade
n
十年，十年期
During
the last decade
，
great
changes took place in this city.
过去十年，这个
城
市发生了很大的变化
3.
This special strain of rice makes it possible to
produce one-third more of the
crop in
the same fields.
这种特殊的稻种使得同样的土地增产三分之一成为可
能。
make
it
?
to do sth
使做某事?
to his
research, the UN has more tools in the battle to
rid the world of
hunger.
多亏了他
的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了写方法。
1
）
thanks to
由于，多亏。通常用于好的方面
owing to
由于。可以做状语和表语，在做状语时一般要在该状语后面加上逗号
due
to
由于。做状语时一般不置于句首，也可以做表语和定语。
because
of
由于，因为。应用最广，也更口语化。
Eg
：
Owing to
his careless driving, we had a bad accident.
由于他驾驶疏忽，我们
发生了次大车祸
Your failure is due to
negligence.
你的失败是由于疏忽所造成的。
Because of his wife’s
being there,I said nothing about
it.因为他妻子在场，
我对此事只字未提
2
）
rid
?
of
摆脱，除去
get
rid of
摆脱
eg
：
It is not easy to get rid
of a bad habit.
去掉一种坏习惯是很不容易的
5. Using his
hybrid rice,
farmers are producing
harvests twice as
large
as before.
用他的杂交水稻种子，农民
种出的粮食是以前的两倍。
倍数
+as +adj.
（
large/many/beautiful
，
e
tc
）
+as
?
是?的几倍（大
/
多
/
漂亮
.
，等等）
Eg
：
This
room is as large as that one.
这间房和那间一样大。
The population is 1.5 times as large as that of a
decade ago.
人口是十年前的
1.5
倍。
6. Dr Yuan is quite
satisfied with his life. However, he
doesn
’
t care about being
famous.
袁博士很满意他的生活，但他对自己的成名却不在乎。
1
）
satisfy v
使满意
Eg
：
The answer
doesn
’
t satisfy
him.
这个回答不让他满意。
satisfied adj.
满意的，满足的
，常修饰人
be
satisfied with
?
对?感到满意
eg
：
His is greatly satisfied
with her work.
他对她的工作很满意。
satisfying
adj.
令人满足的
,
令人满意的，常修饰物
eg
：
That performance seems
satisfying.
那个表现看起来令人满意。
satisfaction
n.
满意，满足
eg
：
His words showed his
great satisfaction.
他的话显示他很满意。
2
）
care about sth/doing sth
对?关心，在乎，感兴趣
Eg
：
He
doesn
’
t care about his
son
’
s
study.
他不关心他儿子的学习。
would rather keep time for his
hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上
would rather do
（
than
do
）
宁愿做某事
eg
：
He would
rather stay at home than go shopping
他宁愿呆在家也不愿意去购
物。
rather than
与其?宁愿
eg
：
Rather than cause
trouble, he left.
为了不引起麻烦，他离开了。
rather?than 是?而不是
eg
：
This is rather
for father to decide than for you.
这应该由爸爸决定而不是由
你来决定
had / would rather
宁愿
eg
：I’d rather stay here a
couple of days. 我想在这儿再呆几天
注意：“had / would rather
宁愿”后跟从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，即过去式
would / h
ad rather?than
宁愿?而不愿
eg
：I’d
much rather deal with a man than with a woman.
我愿意和男人打交道，不
愿和女人打交道。
8. regret to do
sth
忘了做某事
regret
doing sth
后悔做某事
eg
：
I regret to give the book
to him.
我忘了把书给他。
I regret giving the book to him.
我后悔把书给他了。
up
逐渐增强；建立；开发
He
has built up a good business over the
years..
这几年他逐渐把声音做大了。
to
1
）导致，造成（后悔）<
/p>
，
His
carelessness lead to the
failure.
他的粗心导致了这次失败。
2
）通向，导向
This road leads to the woods.
这条路通向树林。
on
集中（注意力，精力等）于
Eg
：
All his energy is focused
on the
research.
他所有精力都集中在这项研究上。
12. prefer sth/doing sth
（
to sth/doing
sth
）
选择?（而不是?）
Eg
：
I prefer singing to
dancing.
我选择唱歌而不是跳舞。
prefer to do
（
rather than
do
）更喜欢做?
She
prefers to study at home than go to shop.
与其去商店，她更愿意在家写作业。
Unit 3
A Taste of
English Humour
1.
humour
n.
幽默，滑稽