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L
6
U
n
i
t
1
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1
L
i
s
t
e
n
i
n
g
事
故
< br>和
身
体
恢
复
Harry Beecham works for a
hi-tech German company based in the Munich. Last
month, he was in an
automobile
accident. He was on his way to attend an important
meeting in New York City. He had just
arrived on a flight from London and was
taking a taxi into the city. The weather was
terrible and the
road was icy. He was
in a hurry so he asked the taxi driver to get him
into the city as soon as possible.
The
taxi driver agreed and
sped
up
but just as they left the airport,
the car was out of control. It spun
around and skidded
into(
滑入
) the path of an
oncoming truck.
Fortunately, the truck was going too
fast, so nobody was killed. But the taxi was
severely damaged and
both passengers
were injured. The taxi driver survived with only a
few injured because he was wearing
a
seatbelt.
The car accident
wouldn’t have been happened had the weather been
better.
Had he put on his
seatbelt, he might not have been injured so badly.
Had the weather been
better, the accident wouldn’t have been happened.
The taxi airbag had also
been
deployed
(
使展开
), absorbing much of the impact.
However, Harry, who
was in the back
seat, having put on his seatbelt. As a result, he
was severely injured, and had to be
rushed to the hospital.
Now, a month later, Harry still can’t
remember
much of what
happened
. When he first woke up in the
hospital, it was several hours after
the accident and he wasn’t sure where he was. The
bad news was
that he couldn’t move his
legs. This was because his back had been broken in
the accident. The doctor
later told him
that he might never regain the use of his legs.
Some of his nerves in his
spine(
脊柱
) and
legs had been damaged but everything
else was OK. Now, Harry is trying to figure out
what to do. If he
works hard and
exercises every day, there will still a chance
that he legs will recover on their own.
There are also some new treatments that
might help his nerve regenerate. Still, he should
be prepared
for the long recovery and
possibility that he might never walk again.
Without the use of his legs, he
wouldn’t be able to continue working in
the same way. it wouldn’t be possible to travel,
so he would
have to find another way to
attend the meeting. Either that or he would have
to look for another way to
make a
living. Harry has a good disability insurance, so
mon
ey won’t be problem for a while. But
sooner or later, he wants to be able to
earns a living again. Of course he isn’t planning
to give up on his
legs. If he works
hard, he might still be able to regain the use and
learn to walk again. Some of his
nerves
had been damaged but there was a chance that they
were healed. The new drugs being
developed might make it possible for
the nerves to grow back. Still, he has to face the
possibility that
nothing will work.
Whatever happens, Harry is determined to think
posi
tively. Even he can’t walk, he
can still attend the meeting all over
the world. With technology, he could be anywhere
and there is
much that he can still do.
Luckily, he still has to use his arms and hands
and his brain is still
functioning.
With the right attitude, he can find a way
forward. There is no
reason to
despair
in or
feeling sorry
for oneself. That kind of think won’t solve
anything. He just hopes that his company or
another will get him a chance to prove
himself. He could still be a valuable asset for
them, come or
make.
Spun around
使
…
旋转
(
spin
的过去式和过去分词
)
L6 Unit 1-1 Dialogue
衣着和礼仪
Hey, what
do you think? do you like it?
No, it’s
too short. We can’t wear that to the office. If
you do, nobody will be able to concentrate.
What about this one?
That’
s the right length but
I hate the color. I hate pink.
Ok, I’ll see if they have it in another
color but it isn’t cheap.
It’s ok if you don’t buy anything for a
while.
Sure, this will last
for a while.
Well, I’m glad
you like your dress. It looks great
on
you.
You should get some
new clothes too. You never buy anything for
yourself.
I have an
expensive girlfriend now so I can’t afford it. but
besides, I don’t have the time to go
shopping.
What
are you doing? Are you staring at that woman?
What? No, of course not.
Yes, you were. You were staring at her.
How do you think it makes me feel?
I
was looking in that direction.
No, you were staring at her for several
seconds.
I’m sorry but I
could help it.
I’ve told
you many times to stop that. And you’re going to
stare, you shouldn’t do it like that, so
obvious and rude.
Ok, what’s the best way to
stare?
Don’t stare for 4 or
5 seconds. Just take quick look, 2 seconds long.
Then it isn’t so obvious.
Sorry, my eye just went that. I’m
program like that.
That’s
no excuse.
and don’t ever
tell me you don’t like pink again. She’s wearing
pink. Why is it that pink is so bad on
me when you can’t help staring at
someone else who is wearing pink?
I didn’t not
ice that she is
wearing pink.
Ah, so the
clothes don’t matter. She’s more attractive than I
am. Why don’t you
go sit with
her
?
Hey, come
on. Let’s not
get into
a
fire.
I thought you were
get better. But you never change. You just have in
ruin in the evening.
Hey,
come on. I’m sorry.
No,
don’t say anything, I don’t want to hear it.
L6 Unit 1-1 reading
狼来了和野外生存
Once
upon a time there was a
mischievous(
淘气的
) young boy
who was given the task of tending a
herd of sheep on a hillside near a
village. The boy
grew
tired
(
厌倦
) and
bored while watching the
sheep, so he
found ways to amuse himself, such as climbing
trees or chasing sheep. One day he came
up with what he thought was a brilliant
idea. He climbed to the top of a tree and shouted
toward the
village: “wolf! Wolf! Help
me please!”
When the
villagers heard his
cries
for
help, they rushed up the hill to
rescue him and chase(
追捕
) the
wolf away. Of course, when they got
there, there was no wolf to be seen, and the boy,
who was still in
the tree, was
laughing. The sheep were
grazing(
吃草
) peacefully.
Annoyed. The villagers returned to
the
village and back to their normal activities.
A few days later, the boy
grew bored again and played the same trick on the
villagers. This time the
villagers were
furious at the boy. That night he was punished by
his mother for his bad behavior.
For a while after that, life went on as
normal and the boy behaved. He didn’t want to be
punished
again. Then, one afternoon
while he was tending the sheep, he noticed that
the sheep were
bleating(
小
羊的叫声
)
and nervous. He didn’t know what was causing their
strange behavior, so he climbed a tree
to see if he could determine what was
going on. What he saw from the tree was a
frightening sight, a
big, hairy wolf
chasing after the sheep. Terrified
, he
screamed for help: “wolf, wolf! There’s a wolf
chasing the sheep!”
This time, when the villagers heard his
cries for help, they were convinced that it was
another one of
his
pranks(
恶作剧
). Nobody believed
that there was really a wolf, so they ignored his
frantic(
发狂的、
发疯的
)
calls for help. The wolf, having nothing to fear,
feasted(
大吃大喝
) on several of
the sheep and
then
slipped
back
into the forest.
Feast on
尽情享受
What would you do if you ever found
yourself lost in the wild? To find out, you can
join a weekend
survival course in
Australia’s Outback
Desert
(
内陆沙漠
).
This vast area is famous for its
harsh(
残酷
的、严厉的
)
desert climate.
To survive,
your first task will be to find water, a rare
commodity in the desert. Animals such as ants
and seed-eating birds are strong
indicators of water. You can also cut and suck
moisture from the roots
and leaves of
plants. Trees like the desert
oak(
橡树
) have roots near the
surface. But be careful. The
branches
of gum trees are a rich source of water, but the
leaves are poisonou
s, so don’t eat
them. The
best place to build a shelter
is in an area with the least amount
of(
最少的
) sunlight, like
between sand
dunes(
沙丘
) or
trench(
沟
). To make a trench,
dig a hole enough to lie down in and use the extra
sand to
create a barrier or wall on
each side. This can help to
shield you
from
the
glare(
刺眼
) and scorching
heat(
炎热的
) of the
sun. nights can be cold, so knowing how to make a
fire is essential. One way to
build a
fire is to use the hand
drill(
钻头
) method. This is
one of the oldest and simplest ways to start a
fire. It involves rolling a stick
between your hands while pressing it onto a
notched(
凹口的
) piece of
wood with dry
tinder(
引燃物
) below. The idea
is to use friction to create enough heat to ignite
the
tinder, this can be a lot of work.
As fo
r food, you’ll have to
be open
-minded. Some forms of life can
be ugly to look at but can provide
you
with enough protein to survive. They may even
taste good, like scrambled
eggs(
炒鸡蛋
).
Shield
n.
盾
;
护罩
;
盾形奖牌
;
保护人
vt.
保护
;
掩护
;
庇护
;
给
…
加防护罩
scorch
vt.& vi.
烧焦，烤焦
vt.
使（植物）枯萎，把…晒枯
;
使成焦土
;
痛骂
vi.
烤焦
;<
非
正
>
高速行驶
n.
烧焦处，焦痕
;
枯萎，植物褐色
斑点
scramble
vi.
攀登，爬
;
争夺，抢夺
;
（植物）蔓延
;[
航
]
紧急起飞
vt.
攀登，爬
;
把
…<
/p>
搅乱
;
炒（蛋）
n.
抢夺
;
混
乱
;
攀登
;[
航
]
紧急起飞
L6 Unit 1-2 Listening
过去时和虚拟语气
Now that
you have studied English at a high level, you need
to be able to talk about the language itself.
One of the biggest areas of confusion
for students is the difference between the pass
tense and present
prefect. The pass
tense is indicated by use of pass tense marker,
represent V(d). here are some regular
verbs and their pass tense forms. So,
as you can see, for regular verbs, the pass tense
form is indicated
by the addition of
“ed” at the end of the verbs. However, some of the
common verbs in Englis
h is
irregular, so it’s important to learn
them. Here are some examples. Altogether, there
are over 200
irregular verbs in normal
use. Many people think that the pass tense form
only indicates the pass time.
However,
there is only one of the possible meanings. The
pass tense form is also used to express
something that is unlikely or
imaginary, from the speaker’s point of view.
Here is an example,
He wishes he had a car.
The fact is that he doesn’t have a car,
so the use of had indicates that it isn’t real,
it’s imaginary.
If he had a
car, he could drive us to school. Again, he
doesn’t have a car, so he can’t drive us to
school.
This condition expresses
something that isn’t a fact. It’s a counterfactual
condition, which means it
goes
against
what we know or believe.
Look at these two
sentences,
If she waits
another week, she can save money.
If
she waited another week, she could save money
there is going to be a sale.
both sentences are correct, but they
have different meanings. In the top sentence, the
condition that she
waits is more likely
from
the
speaker’s point of view. In the bottom sentence,
the speaker thinks that
it’s less
likely that she’s going to wait.
If that flight leaves on time, we are
going to miss it, so let’s run.
If the flight left a few minutes later,
we could take the next shuttle bus.
When we talk about the experience of
result, we use the present perfect form. This form
uses have
followed by the participle.
for regular verbs, this
participle(
分词
) is identical
to the pass tense form.
For irregular
verb, this participle is different. When we use
the perfect form, the primary focus on the
subject of the sentences, not the
verbs. It emphasizes its condition, experience of
results, rather than
action or event.
In these 2 examples, we see the contrast.
She has already left the
hotel.
She left the hotel a
few minutes ago.
The top
sentence gives the condition or state of subject,
and the bottom sentence expresses the event.
The top sentence describes the
condition of the subject of the sentence, she
rather than the event. The
fact she has
left the hotel is now part of her experience or
state of being. The bottom sentence expresses
the action or event, she left, which is
something she did. In general, the pass tense
expresses the event
or acts, and the
perfect form expresses the experience or
conditions. When we use the perfect form of
the verbs, we focus on the state of the
subject and not the action or event.
Know that the pass form expresses
events of specific point or periods of time, such
as late year or the
pass 5 years.
These events distance from
the speaker’s point of view.
He worked at several companies. He
finished the project last week.
The perfect form expresses the state of
something from the speaker’s po
int of
view, not distance in time.
He has worked at several companies. He
has finished the project.
These 2 sentences are incorrect and
confusing they give 2 different points of view.
He has finished his work
last week.
Here are some
sentences that use the perfect form. Some are
simple, such as the first one and some are
complex, like the last one.
He has finished practicing
He has been practicing
She
may have been practicing
She may have
eaten
Her computer may have been stolen
The last one is complex because it
combines many verb forms, including the passive.
L6 Unit 1-2
Dialogue
都市迷失
What are you thinking about, you look
so panic?
I was just
thinking about how much things have changed since
I was a child.
Oh, sometime
I have think about that too. What were your
thoughts?
The
no
stalgic
(
怀旧的
) for
sure. Generally, I remember the best times and
then I get a bit depressed
when I’m
thinking about how things have changed.
What kind of changes
depress you?
Well, one thing
i
s the pace of life. Everything is so
fast personnel, so there isn’t enough time to
think.
That’s because
you’ve grown up. You’re not a child anymore so you
have responsibilities.
It’s
more than just having responsibilities. My parents
had to work but they also had other things. My
father used to go fishing on the
weekend and mon used to work in her garden. She
loved to grow
flowers and vegetables.
Yeah, that does sound nice.
Living in the city makes thing like that, really
difficult.
Yes, living in
the city is certainly a part of problem, right.
Well, that depends on you.
You make thing sound as if you have no choices in
life. It’s the choices
you’ve made that
push where you are
now.
Sure, that’s certainly a part of
problem. I guess I’ve changed.
You want a lifestyle that you can’t
have in the city. If you really wanted those
things, you can move
back to the
countryside.
Not, that’s
not an option. If I did that, my wife would
d
ivorce me.
Have
you ever talked about it with her?
Not,
I haven’t. you don’t talk about things like that.
You are both too busy. I think she’s even busier
than I am.
Well,
maybe she will surprise you. Maybe she’d like a
change too. You should talk to her
.
Em, I don’t know. What
about you?
I’m okay. My wife
and I accept things as they are. They try to think
positively and we support each
other.
It sounds like you have a
good marriage.
Yes, we do.
And one reason for is that we share our thoughts
with eac
h other. We don’t want to
grow
apart
like
so many couples.
Maybe I’ll
surprise my wife and
start
sharing
my thoughts
with
her.
Well, if
you don’t do it now, nothing is going to change.
Yes, you’re probably right.
I’ll think about it.
L6
Unit 1-2 reading
南极洲和切尔诺贝利事故
On Antarctica, the world’s coldest
continent, the average high temperature is
-49 degrees Celsius. In
the
summer, the sun never sets, and in the winter, it
never rises. Keep sane(
保持清醒
)
there is its own
special challenge.
The McMurdo Station is a
research base
perched
(
停留
) on the edge of the Ross Ice
Shelf, the world’s
largest body of
floating ice. The station is administered by the
United States and is the largest
community in Antarctica.
Capable of supporting
more
than 1200 residents, the
population of
the
station
drops
to 150 brave (perhaps
foolish) people when winter begins in March. Their
task is to
maintain the station during
the months of total night. The biologists,
astronomers(
天文学家
),
geologists, and climate scientists who
were there before, have gone, as any research is
impossible in the
brutal(
残酷的
)
winter.
Every day the
remaining stuff of maintenance
personnel(
维修人员
)
perform their routine
(
常规
;
例行
程序
)
task and make
repairs when needed. Sometimes they
peer(
凝视
) through the
darkness toward
their friends from New
Zealand, at Scott Base, about 2 miles away. Though
most of the time they’re
just voices on
the radio, it’s nice to have neighbors not too far
away. Together, they share a power
grid(
电网
) and one
coast of a dark
forbidding(
令人生畏的
) continent.
Though the days are dark
and freezing cold in the
depths of
winter
, the moon will
rest(
休息
) above
the horizon(
地平线上
)
for weeks at a time. Its
pale(
苍白的、无力的
) light
illuminates the cold,
craggy(
陡峭的，嶙峋
)
landscape as if acknowledging a companion and
reaffirming the bonds of life.
So even
for those who live in the darkest part of the
earth, there is light.
To
acknowledge somethings means to recognize or admit
its
existence
.
The writer shares what it feels like to
live and work in Antarctica.
On April 26, 1986, Unit 4 of the
Chernobyl nuclear reactor in northern Ukraine,
then a part of the
Soviet
Union(
苏联
), was shut
down(
停工
) for an unauthorized
safety test. When the nuclear fuel
rods(
杆
) hit the
cooling water, the fission
reaction(
裂变反应
) accelerated
out of control due to a
sudden power
surge(
动力高峰）
. This caused the
reactor to overheat and build up pressure until
its
structure failed and it blew
up(
爆炸
), releasing large
amounts of radiation. It took officials a whole
day
to
comprehend(
理解
) the scale of
the disaster and to order an
evacuation(
疏散
) of the
surrounding
area. Some 50,000 people
had to leave, not knowing that they would never
return.
In the following
months, massive efforts were made to
decontaminate(
净化
) the area
while increased
radiation levels were
detected across much of Europe. Fallout from the
disaster continues to this day,
decades
later, and long-term effects such as cancers are
still being investigated. Estimates of the
number of deaths that will eventually
result from the accident vary enormously.
The forest area
near the reactor site
is one
of the most radioactive places on Earth. Named the
Red
Forest because its trees turned a
reddish-brown(
红褐色
) color as
they died, the forest is trying to make
a recovery. Animals such as
elk(
麋鹿
) and
eagles(
老鹰
) have been seen in
the area. And birch
trees(
桦
树
) grown
where the radioactive trees of the forest were
bulldozed
(
铲平
< br>) and buried by the Soviet
government.
Some
people have returned as well, mostly former
residents who returned illegally after the
evacuation.
The old company town of
Pripyat, once home to 50.000 plant workers is
still deserted, but is slowly
being
reclaimed(
再生
) by the forest.
It seems that nature can recover and even thrive
where humans
cannot
. Let’s
hope that humans can learn from this experience.
Chernobyl, and more recently,
Fukushima
in Japan, have lessons to teach us.
It’s clear that the officials were
completely unprepared for the accident.
L6 Unit 1-3 listening
神经疾病和身体恢复
Jack is
a
psychiatrist
, which means
he treats people who have mental problems. He has
been
treating patients for many years
and he has used variety of treatments. Sometimes
he just listens
and talks to patients
and sometimes he uses meditations. This meditation
affects the brain in
many different
ways. Over the years, Jack found that some
patients improved with the treatment
while others did improve at all. In
some cases, some patients respond to the treatment
was the
opposite of what was expected.
Several years ago, he had a young patient who
showed him why
his treatment didn’t
work. The patient’s name was Bob. He was 21 years
when he first came to
see Jack for
help. The reason he came was because he had
attempted to suicide.
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