继电保护的发展现状

Relay protection development present situation

[ Key word ] relay protection present situation development

，

relay protections future development.

[ Abstract ] reviewed our country electrical power system

relay

protection

technological

development

process,

has

outlined

the

microcomputer

relay

protection

technology

achievement,

proposed the future relay protection technological development

tendency

will

be:

Computerizes,

networked,

protects,

the

control,

the

survey,

the

data

communication

integration

and

the

artificial

intellectualization.

1

relay

protection

development

present

situation.

The electrical power system rapid development to the relay

protection proposed unceasingly the new request, the electronic

technology,

computer

technology

and

the

communication

rapid

development unceasingly has poured into the new vigor for the

relay protection technology development, therefore, the relay

protection

technology

is

advantageous,

has

completed

the

development 4 historical stage in more than 40 years time.

After

the

founding

of

the

nation,

our

country

relay

protection

discipline, the relay protection design, the relay manufacture

industry and the relay protection technical team grows out of

nothing, has passed through the path in about 10 years which

advanced countries half century passes through. The 50's, our

country

engineers

and technicians creatively absorption, the

digestion, have grasped the overseas advanced relay protection

equipment

performance

and

the

movement

technology

,

completed

to

have the deep relay protection theory attainments and the rich

movement

experience

relay

protection

technical

team,

and

grew

the

instruction function to the national relay protection technical

team's establishment. The acheng relay factory introduction has

digested at that time the overseas advanced relay manufacture

technology,

has

established

our

country

relay

manufacturing

industry. Thus our country has completed the relay protection

research,

the

design,

the

manufacture,

the

movement

and

the

teaching complete system in the 60's. This is a time which the

mechanical and electrical relay protection prospers, was our

country relay protection technology development has laid the

solid foundation.

From

the

end

of

the

50's,

the

transistor

relay

protection

was

starting

to

study.

In

the

60's

to

the

80's

in

are

the

times

which

the transistor relay protection vigorous development and widely

uses.

Tianjin

University

and

the

Nanjing

electric

power

automation

plant

cooperation

research

500kv

transistor

direction

high frequency protection the transistor high frequency block

system

which

develops

with

the

Nanjing

electric

power

automation

research institute is away from the protection, moves on the

Gezhou Dam 500 kv line , finished the 500kv line protection to

depend upon completely from the overseas import time.

From the 70's, started based on the integration operational

amplifier

integrated

circuit

protection

to

study.

Has

formed

the

complete

series

to

at

the

end

of

80's

integrated

circuit

protection,substitutes

for

the

transistor

protection

gradually.

The development, the production, the application the integrated

circuit protects which to the beginning of the 90's still were

in

the

dominant

position,

this

was

the

integrated

circuit

protection time. The integrated electricity road work frequency

conversion

quantity

direction

develops

which

in

this

aspect

Nanjing

electric

power

automation

research

institute

high

frequency protected the vital role , the Tianjin University and

the

Nanjing

electric

power

automation

plant

cooperation

development

integrated

circuit

phase

voltage

compensated

the

type

direction high frequency protection also moves in multi- strip

220kv and on the 500kv line.

Our

country

namely

started

the

computer

relay

protection

research from the end of the 70's , the institutions of higher

learning

and

the

scientific

research

courtyard

institute

forerunner's

function.

Huazhong

University

of

Science

and

Technology, southeast the university, the North China electric

power

institute,

the

Xian

Jiaotong

University,

the

Tianjin

University,

Shanghai

Jiaotong

University,

the

Chongqing

University and the Nanjing electric power automation research

institute

one

after

another

has

all

developed

the

different

principle,

the

different

pattern

microcomputer

protective

device.

In

1984

the

original

North

China

electric

power

institute

developed

the

transmission line

microcomputer

protective

device

first

through

the

appraisal,

and

in

the

system

the

find

application, had opened in our country relay protection history

the new page, protected the promotion for the microcomputer to

pave

the

way.

In

the

host

equipment

protection

aspect,

the

generator

which

southeast

the

university

and

Huazhong

University

of Science and Technology develops loses magnetism protection,

the generator protection and the generator?Bank of transformers

protection

also

one

after

another

in

1989,

in

1994

through

appraisal,

investment

movement.

The

Nanjing

electric

power

automation

research

institute

develops

microcomputer

line

protective device also in 1991 through appraisal. The Tianjin

University

and

the

Nanjing

electric

power

automation

plant

cooperation

development

microcomputer

phase

voltage

compensated

the type direction high frequency protection, the Xian Jiaotong

University

and

the

Xu

Chang

relay

factory

cooperation

development

positive sequence breakdown component direction high frequency

protection also one after another in 1993, in 1996 through the

appraisal. Heres, the different principle, the different type

microcomputer

line

and

the

host

equipment

protect

unique,

provided

one

batch

of

new

generation

of

performance

for

the

electrical

power

system

fine,

the

function

has

been

complete,

the

work

reliable

relay

protection

installment.

Along

with

the

microcomputer

protective

device

research,

in

microcomputer

aspect

and

so

on

protection

software,

algorithm

has

also

yielded

the

very many

theories result. May

say

started

our

country relay

protection technology from the 90's to enter the time which the

microcomputer protected.

2 relay protections future development

The relay protection technology future the tendency will be

to

computerizes,

the

intellectualization,

will

protect,

the

control,

the

survey

and

the

data

communication

integration

development.

2.1 computerizes

Along

with

the

computer

hardware

swift

and

violent

development,

the

microcomputer

protection

hardware

also

unceasingly

is

developing. The original North China electric power institute

develops

the

microcomputer

line

protection

hardware

has

experienced 3 development phases: Is published from 8 lists cpu

structure microcomputer protection, does not develop to 5 years

time to the multi- cpu structure, latter developed to the main

line does not leave the module the big modular structure, the

performance

enhances

greatly,

obtained

the

widespread

application.

Huazhong

University

of

Science

and

Technology

develops

the

microcomputer

protection

also

is

from

8

cpu,

develops

to

take

the

labor

controlling

machine

core

partially

as

the

foundation 32 microcomputers protection.

The

Nanjing

electric

power

automation

research

institute

from

the

very

beginning

has

developed

16

cpu

is

the

foundation

microcomputer line protection, obtained the big area promotion,

at

present

also

is

studying

32

protections

hardware

system.

Southeast

the

university

develops

the

microcomputer

host

equipment

protects

the

hardware

also

passed

through

improved

and

the

enhancement

many

times.

The

Tianjin

University

from

the

very

beginning

is

the

development

take

more

than

16

cpu

as

the

foundation

microcomputer

line

protection,

in

1988

namely

started

to

study

take

32

digital

signals

processor

(dsp)

as

the

foundation

protection, the control, the survey integration microcomputer

installment,

at

present

cooperated

with

the

Zhuhai

Jin

automatic

equipment company develops one kind of function complete 32 big

modules,

a

module

was

a

minicomputer.

Uses

32

microcomputers

chips

only

to

focus

by

no

means

on

the

precision,

because

of

the

precision the a/d switch resolution limit, is surpassed time 16

all

is

accepts

with

difficulty

in

the

conversion

rate

and

the

cost

aspect; 32 microcomputers chips have the very high integration

rate

more

importantly,

very

high

operating

frequency

and

computation

speed,

very

big

addressing

space,

rich

command

system

and

many

inputs

outlet.

The

cpu

register,

the

data

bus,

the

address

bus all are 32, has the memory management function, the memory

protection function and the duty transformation function, and

(cache)

and

the

floating

number

part

all

integrates

the

high

speed

buffer in cpu.

The

electrical

power

system

the

request

which

protects

to

the

microcomputer

enhances

unceasingly,

besides

protection

basic

function,

but

also

should

have

the

large

capacity

breakdown

information and the data long-term storage space, the fast data

processing

function,

the

formidable

traffic

capacity,

with

other

protections,

the

control

device

and

dispatches

the

networking

by

to

share the

entire

system data,

the

information

and

the

network

resources ability, the higher order language programming and so

on.

This

requests

the

microcomputer

protective

device

to

have

is

equal

to

a

pc

machine

function.

In

the

computer

protection

development initial period, once conceived has made the relay

protection

installment

with

a

minicomputer.

At

that

time

because

the small machine volume big, the cost high,the reliability was

bad,

this

tentative

plan

was

not

realistic.

Now,

with

the

microcomputer protective device size similar labor controlling

machine function, the speed, the storage capacity greatly has

surpassed

the

same

year

small

machine,

therefore,

made

the

relay

protection

with

complete

set

labor

controlling

machine

the

opportunity

already

to

be

mature,

this

will

be

one

of

development

directions

which

the

microcomputer

protected.

The

Tianjin

University has developed the relay protection installment which

Cheng Yongtong microcomputer protective device structure quite

same

not

less

than

one

kind

of

labor

controlling

machine

performs

to change artificially becomes. This kind of equipment merit

includes: has the 486pc machine complete function, can satisfy

each kind of function request which will protect to current and

the

future

microcomputer.

size

and

structure

and

present

microcomputer protective device similar, the craft excellent,

quakeproof,

guards

against

has

been

hot,

guards

against

electronmagetic

interference

ability,

may

move

in

the

very

severe

working conditions, the cost may accept. uses the std main line

or the pc main line, the hardware modulation, may select the

different

module

wilfully

regarding

the

different

protection,

the

disposition nimble, is easy to expand.

Relay

protection

installment

,

computerizes

is

the

irreversible

development

tendency.

How

but

to

satisfies

the

electrical power system request well, how further enhances the

relay

protection

the

reliability,

how

obtains

the

bigger

economic

efficiency

and

the

social

efficiency,

still

must

conduct

specifically the thorough research.

2.2protections,

control,

survey,

data

communication

integrations

In realization relay protection computerizing with under the

condition, the protective device is in fact a high performance,

the multi-purpose computer, is in an entire electrical power

system computer network intelligent terminal. It may gain the

electrical power system movement and breakdown any information

and

the

data

from

the

net,

also

may

protect

the

part

which

obtains

it

any

information and the

data

transfer

for

the network

control

center

or

no

matter

what

a

terminal.

Therefore,

each

microcomputer

protective device not only may complete the relay protection

function,

moreover

in

does

not

have

in

the

breakdown

normal

operation situation also to be possible to complete the survey,

the

control,

the

data

communication

function,

that

is

realization

protection, control, survey, data communication integration.

At

present,

in

order

to

survey,

the

protection

and

the

control

need, outdoor transformer substation all equipment, like the

transformer,

the

line

and

so

on

the

secondary

voltage,

the

electric current all must use the control cable to direct to .

Lays the massive control cable not only must massively invest,

moreover

makes

the

secondary

circuit

to

be

extremely

complex.

But

if

the

above

protection,

the

control,

the

survey,

the

data

communication

integration

computer

installation,

will

install

in

outdoor transformer substation by the protection device nearby,

by the protection device voltage, the amperage is changed into

after

this

installment

internal

circulation

the

digital

quantity,

will deliver through the computer network, then might avoid the

massive

control

cable.

If

takes

the

networkwith

the

optical

fiber

the transmission medium, but also may avoid the electronmagetic

interference.

Now

the

photoelectric

current

mutual

inductor

(ota)

and

the

photovoltage

mutual

inductor

(otv)

in

the

research

trial

stage,

future

inevitably

obtained

the

application

in

the

electrical power system. In uses ota and in the otv situation,

the protective device should place is apart from ota and the otv

recent

place,

that

is

should

place

by

the

protection

device

nearby.

Ota

and

the

otv

light

signal

inputs

after

this

integration

installment in and transforms the electrical signal, on the one

hand serves as the protection the computation judgment; On the

other

hand

took

the

survey

quantity,

delivers

through

the

network.

May

to

deliver

from

through

the

network

by

the

protection

device

operation control command this integrated installment, carries

out

the

circuit

breaker

operation

from

this

the

integrated

installment.

In

1992

the

Tianjin

University

proposed

the

protection,

the

control,

the

survey,

the

correspondence

integration

question,

and

has

developed

take

the

tms320c25

digital signal processor (dsp) as a foundation protection, the