-
2013
年考研系列——考研英语阅读常见一
词多义
act,
appeal,
assume,
claim,
discipline,
fair,
figure,
feature,
issue,
note
1)
Act
n.
①法案
,
法令
②动作
,
举动
③节目
,
(
戏剧的
)
幕
v.
①行动
,
产生
...
的效果
②担当
③表演
,
表现
,
见效
(07-01)
this
success,
coupled
with
later
research
showing
that
memory
itself is not genetically
determined, led Ericsson to
conclude
that
the
act
of
memorizing
is
more
of
a
cognitive
exercise
than
an
intuitive one.
（名）行为
这一成
功，连同后来证明的记忆本身不是遗传决定的研
究，使得埃里克森得出结论，即记忆过程
是一种认知练习，而不是
一种本能练习。
(07-04) Regulators will act
if firms fail to provide adequate data
security.
（动）行动
如果公司没有提供适当的信息安全保护措施，
那么监管人
员就会采取行动。
(06-01)
this
turned
shopping
into
a
public
and
democratic
act.
（名）行为
这使得购物成为一种大众的、民主的行为
(96-02) The commercial TV
channels
—
ITV and Channel 4
—
were
required
by
the
Thatcher
Government's
Broadcasting
Act
to
become
more
commercial,
competing
with
each
other
for
advertisers,
and cutting costs and jobs.
（名）法案
商业电
视频道
——
ITV
和第四频道
——
应撒切尔政府广播
法案的要求进行商业化，
彼此竞争广告业务，
降低成本，
裁减员
工。
2)
Appeal
n.
①请求
,
呼吁
②上诉
③吸引力
(appealing:
有吸引力的
)
v.
①求助
,
诉求
②控诉
(03-03)
Shippers
who
feel they
are
being overcharged have
the
right
to
appeal
to
the
federal
government's
Surface
Transportation
Board for
rate relief, but the process is expensive, time
consuming, and
will work only in truly extreme cases.
（动）上诉
如果客
户感到他们被多收费，
他们有权上诉到联邦政府的
“
陆路运输局
”
以争取价格下调。但这个过程耗财、
耗时，并且只有
在真正极端特殊的情况下才有作用。
(99-04) NBAC members also
indicated that they would appeal to
privately funded researchers and
clinics not to try to clone humans by
body cell nuclear transfer.
（动词）呼吁
NBA
C
的成员明确表示，
他们呼吁由私人提供资金的研究
人员和机构不要试图通过人体细胞核转移去克隆人。
3)
Assume /Assumption
v/n:
①假定
,
设想
②采取
③呈现
④承担
(05-
01) Such behavior is
regarded as “all too human”, with the
underlying assumption that other
animals would not be capable of this
finely developed sense of grievance.
（名）假定，假设
这种行
为被看作是
“
人之长情
”
，其潜在的假定其他动物不
可能具有如此高度发达的不公平意识。
(98-02)
What
is
harder
to
establish
is
whether
the
productivity
revolution that
businessmen assume they are presiding over is for
real.
（动）认为
商人们
自认为的他们所领导的生产力革命是否确有其事，
这一点更加难以确定。
(97-02)
As
is
true
of
any
developed
society,
in
America
a
complex
set of cultural signals, assumptions, and
conventions underlies
all social
interrelationships.
（名）信念，假定
同任何发达国家一样，一系列复杂的文化特征，信念和习
俗构成了美
国所有社会交往的基础。
4)
Claim
v/n:
①索赔
②声称
③主张
(05-01)
If
you
see
an
article
consistently
advertised,
it
is
the
surest proof I
know that the article does what is claimed for it,
and that
it represents good value.
（动）宣称
如果你
看到一种商品不断地打广告，
我认为这是最可靠的
证明，即此商
品一定与其宣传名副其实，一定体现良好的价值。
(05-04)
Equally,
in
poetry,
the
highly
personal,
performative
genre is the
only form that could claim real liveliness.
（动）主张
同样的，对于诗歌来说，
非常个性化和富有表现力的创作风格
成为了能够表达真实生动含义的唯一形式。
(01-05)
A
lateral
move
that
hurt
my
pride
and
blocked
my
professional
progress
prompted
me
to
abandon
my
relatively
high
profile
career
although,
in
the
manner
of
a
disgraced
government
minister, I
covered my exit by claiming
with my
family
（动）主张
一次平
调伤了我的自尊心，并阻断了我的事业发展，这促
使我放弃自己地位较高的职业，当然，
就像面子扫尽的政府部长那
样，我也掩饰性地声称
“
我只想与家人更多的呆在一起
”
。
(00-05)
In
an
odd
way,
however,
it
is
the
educated
who
have
claimed to have give up
on ambition as an ideal.
（动）声称
然而，
恰恰是那些受过良好教育的人却不可思议地声称他
们已经放弃了
雄心壮志这一理想。
(99-01)
As
personal
injury
claims
continue
as
before,
some
courts are beginning to side with
defendants, especially in cases where
a
warning label probably wouldn't have changed
anything.
（名）索赔
尽管个
人伤害的索赔一如既往地继续着，
但有些法庭已开
始站到被告一
方，
特别是在处理那些有警示语也无法避免伤害的案
件时。
(99-05) He has
put forward unquestioned claims so consistently
that
he
not
only
believes
them
himself,
but
has
convinced
industrial
and business
management that they are true.
（名）主张
他所提
出的种种主张是如此不容置疑、如此一致，以至于
不仅他自己相信了，而且也说服了工商
界的管理者相信其正确性。
5)
Discipline
n.
①纪律
②学科
n/v.
训练
(96-03) The cruel
discipline of the strike and lockout taught the
two parties to respect each other's
strength and understand the value of
fair negotiation.
（名）纪律
罢工和
封厂的严酷惩罚使双方学会了互相尊重对方的力
量，理解公正谈判的价值。
(96-04) With a mind
prepared by thorough school discipline, the
American boy develops rapidly into the
skilled workman.
（名）训练
由于有了学校彻底训练过的头脑，
美国孩子迅速地成为技
术熟练的工人。
6)
Fair
adj.
①
(
肤色
)
白皙的
②
(
头发
)
金黄的
③干净的
④公平的⑤
(
天气
)
晴朗的
n.
展览会
,
市集
(07-03)
During
the
past
generation,
the
American
middle-class
family that once could count on hard
work and fair play to keep itself
financially
secure
had
been
transformed
by
economic
risk
and
new
realties.
（形容词）公平的
在过去
的十几年里，
美国那些曾经可以依靠辛勤劳动和公
平竞争以维持
其收入稳定的中产阶层家庭被经济风险和新现实改
变了。
(03-02) For example, a
grandmotherly woman staffing an animal
rights
booth
at
a
recent
street
fair
was
distributing
a
brochure
that
encouraged readers not to use anything
that comes from or is tested in
animals
—
no meat, no fur, no
medicines.
（名）集市
例如，
在近期的一次集市上，一位老奶奶站在动物权利宣
传点前散发小册子，规劝人们不要使用
动物制品和动物实验制品
——
肉类，毛皮，药物。
7)
Feature
n.
①特色
,
特征
②特写
③容貌
,
v.
①是
...
的特色
②特写
,
突出
③放映
④起重要作用
(07-02)
For
the
past
several
years,
the
Sunday
newspaper
supplement Parade
has featured a co
lumn called “Ask
Marilyn.”
（动）
特定，突出
在过去的几年，
《星期日报》的增刊《漫步》专门开设了
一个名为
“
询问玛丽琳
”
的专栏。
(06-04)
Our
magazines
feature
beaming
celebrities
and
happy
families in perfect homes.
（动）特定，突出
我们的杂志突出刊登满面春风的名人和美满幸福的家庭。
(04-01)
It's
an
interactive
feature
that
lets
visitors
key
in
job
criteria
such
as
location,
title,
and
salary,
then
E-mails
them
when
a
matching position is
posted in the database.
（名）特点，特征
它的特
点是互动，允许访问者自定求职要求诸如工作地
点、职位和薪水，当资料库里出现与个人
要求相匹配的工作岗位时
它就会通过电子邮件通知求职者。
(98-05)
The
complementary
coastlines
and
certain
geological
features
that
seem
to
span
the
ocean
are
reminders
of
where
the
two
continents were once joined.
（名）特点，特征
但互相
吻合的海岸线和某些似乎跨越海洋的地质特征会
使人想到这两个大陆曾经是连在一起的。
8)
Figure
n.
①外形
,
轮廓
,
体形
②图形
,
画像
③数字
④名人
,
人物
,
身份
⑤雕像
vt.
①认为
出现
,
②考虑
,
计算
(figure out)
(07-
02) It’s not
obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and
to figure out numerical patterns suits
one to answer questions that have
eluded some of the best poets and
philosophers.
（动）计算
有些问题连一些最杰出的诗人和哲学家都难以回答，
但是
想象物体和计算数字模式的能力却能使人找出答案，
其中原因并不
为人所知。
(06-03)
Dr.
Worm
acknowledges
that
these
figures
are
conservative.
（名）数字
Worm
博士承认这些数字还只是保
守数字
(05-04)
American
no
longer
expect
public
figures,
whether
in
speech
or in writing, to command the English language
with skill and
gift.
（名）人物
美国人
已不再期待公众人物在演讲或写作中能运用技巧
和文采来驾驭英语。
(98-04)
As a result, California's growth rate
dropped during the
1970s,
to
percent
—
little
more
than
two-
thirds
the
1960s'
growth
figure and
considerably below that of other Western states.
（名）数字
结果，
加利福尼亚的人口增长率在
70
年代降到了％
< br>——
略高于
60
年代增长数字的
2/3
，但大大低于西部其他各州。
9)
Issue
n.
①出版
,
发行
②
(<
/p>
报刊等
)
期、
号
③问题
,
事件
④
(
水
,
血等的
)
流出
v.
①发行
,
流出
②发行
(
钞票等
),
发布
< br>(
命令
),
出版
(
书等
)
(07-
04)
“Setting
the
proper
investment
level
for
security,
redundancy,
and recovery is a management issue, not
a technical one,”
he says.
（名）问题
他表示
“
为安全、备份以及恢复确定适当的投资标准是一
个管理问题，不是技术问题。
”
(06-01)
Are there divisive issues and pockets
of seething anger
in America? Indeed.
It is big enough to have a bit of everything.
（名）
问题
在美国是否存在分裂的问题和高涨的愤怒？答案是肯定的，
因
为
这个国家足够大以至于什么现象都存在。
(99-01)
At
the
same
time,
the
American
Law
Institute
—
a
group of judges, lawyers,
and academics whose recommendations carry
substantial
weight
—
issued
new
guidelines
for
tort
law
stating
that
companies
need
not
warn
customers
of
obvious
dangers
or
bombard
them
with a lengthy list of possible ones.
（动）发行，发布
与此同时，
美国法学会
——
该学会由一群举足轻重的法官、
律师、学者所组成
——
发布了新的民事侵害法纲要，
宣布公司不必
警示顾客那些显而易
见的危险，
或者给顾客列出一份冗长的可能造
成的危险的清单。
(94-02)
One
hundred
and
thirteen
million
Americans
have
at
least one bank-issued credit card.
（动）发行
亿美国人的手中至少持有一张银行发行的信用卡。
10)
Note
n.
①笔记
②注解
,
注释
③票据
④纸币
⑤音符⑥涵义，暗示
v.
①注意到，指出
②记录
(07-02)
Sternberg
notes
that
traditional
test
best
assess
analytical and verbal skills but fail
to measure creativity and practical
knowledge,
components
also
critical
to
problem
solving
and
life
success.
（动）注意到，指出
Ste
rnberg
指出，
传统的测试最恰当地评估了分析能力和语<
/p>
言表达能力，但没有测量创造性和实际知识，这些也是解决问题和
在生活中取得成功的关键因素。
(00-03) But it is a little upsetting to
read in the explanatory notes
that a
certain line describes a fight between a Turkish
and a Bulgarian
officer on a
bridge
（名）注解
但是读
到一句描写战斗的诗行的注解时，则令人有点生
厌，
注解中说该
诗描写了一名土耳其军官和一名保加利亚军官在一
座桥上发生的搏斗
(00-05)
There
is
a
heavy
note
of
hypocrisy
in
this,
a
case
of
closing
the
barn
door
after
the
horses
have
escaped
—
with
the
educated themselves
riding on them.
（名）涵义，暗示
这其中有着浓厚的虚伪色彩，
恰如马跑后再关上马厩的门
那样，受过良好教育的人自己正骑在那些马背上。
考研英语阅读常见熟词僻义
address,
diet,
cause,
novel,
realize,
stop,
sound,
firm,
might,
weather, panel, keep,
promise, buy, catch, game, slip, tap, ground,
lean,
anchor,
chair, nature, spell, stress, trust, policy
1) Address
熟义：
n.<
/p>
地址
僻义：
v.
向
...
致辞
,
演说
(02-01)
Depending
on
whom
you
are
addressing,
the
problems
will be different.
根据与你谈话的不同对象，问题也有所不同
2) Diet
熟义：
n.
饮食习惯
僻义：
n.
减肥
,
瘦身；议会
(00-01) American industry has changed
its structure, has gone on
a diet, has
learnt to be more quick-witted.
美国的工业已经改变了结构，学会了明智
3) Cause
熟义：
n./v.
原因，导致
僻义：
n.
事业，理想，目标
(03-02)
One
such
cause
now
seeks
to
end
biomedical
research
because
of
the
theory
that
animals
have
rights
ruling
out
their
use
in
research.
一个这样的事业现在正在寻求终止生物医
学的研究，
因为有这
样一种理论说，动物享有权利禁止它们被用
于实验。
4) Novel
熟义：
n.
小说
僻义：
adj.
新颖的
(00-03)
(
第
60
题题干
)
When
a
novel
literary
idea
appears,
people should try
to determine its purposes
当一种新的文学理念出现时，人们应该试着去了解它的意图。
5) Realize
熟义：
v.
意识到
僻义：
v.
实现，发挥
(03-04)
Former
Colorado
governor
Richard
Lamm
has
been
quoted as saying that
the old and infirm
of
the
way
so
that
younger,
healthier
people
can
realize
their
potential.
据说，
Col
orado
州前州长
Richard Lamm
曾经说，
老年多病者
“
有
责任死去和让位
”
，以让更年轻、更健康的
人们去发挥他们的潜能。
6) Stop
熟义：
n./v.
停止
僻义：
n.
句号