英语常见Figures of speech

Figures

of

speech

(

修辞

)are

ways

of

making

our

language

figurative.

When

we

use

words

in

other

than

their

ordinary

or

literal

sense

to

lend

force

to

an

idea,

to

heighten

effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing

figuratively.

Now

we

are

going

to

talk

about

some

common

forms

of

figures

of

speech.

1)

Simile

：

(

明喻）

It

is

a

figure

of

speech

which

makes

a

comparison

between

two

unlike

elements

having

at

least

one

quality

or

characteristic

(

特性

)in

common.

To

make

the

comparison,

words

like

as,

as...as,

as

if

and

like

are

used

to

transfer

the

quality

we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul,

so is good news from a far country.

2)

Metaphor

：

暗喻）

It

is

like

a

simile,

also

makes

a

comparison

between

two

unlike

elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For

example, the world is a stage.

3) Analogy: (

类比）

It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor

which

usually

uses

comparison

on

one

point

of

resemblance,

analogy

draws

a

parallel

between

two

unlike

things

that

have

several

common

qualities

or

points

of

resemblance.

4)

Personification:

(

拟人）

It

gives

human

form

of

feelings

to

animals,

or

life

and

personal

attr ibutes(

赋

予

)

to

inanimate(

无

生

命

的

)

objects,

or

to

ideas

and

abstractions(

抽象

). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.

5)

Hyperbole:

(

夸张）

It

is

the

deliberate

use

of

overstatement

or

exaggeration

to

achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.

6) Understatement: (

含蓄陈述）

It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement.

It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(

故意地

) understating

it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left

unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.

7) Euphemism: (

委婉）

It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(

无冒

犯

)

expression

for

one

that

may

offend

or

suggest

something

unpleasant.

For

instance,

we refer to

8) Metonymy (

转喻）

It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution

of

the

mane

of

one

thing

for

that

of

another.

For

instance,

the

pen

(words)

is

mightier

than the sword (forces).

9) Synecdoche (

提喻）

It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole,

or the whole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all.

She was dressed in silks.

10)

Antonomasia

(

换喻）

It

has

also

to

do

with

substitution.

It

is

not

often

mentioned

now,

though

it

is

still

in

frequent

use.

For

example,

Solomon

for

a

wise

man.

Daniel

for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.

11) Pun: (

双关语）

It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning

of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms.

(Here

12) Syllepsis: (

一语双叙）

It has two connotations.

In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or

inflection

of

a

word,

refers

to

two

or

more

words

in

the

same

sentence,

while

properly

applying

to

or

agreeing

with

only

on

of

them

in

grammar

or

syntax(

句法

).

For

example,

He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer

to you and me.)

In

the

second

case,

it

a

word

may

refer

to

two

or

more

words

in

the

same

sentence.

For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others

stayed

behind

to

pursue

education

and

career.

(Here

to

losing

one's

limbs

in

literal;

to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)

13) Zeugma: (

轭式搭配）

It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern

two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only

one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall

not

burn

you

by

day,

nor

the

moon

by

night.

(Here

noon

is

not

strong

enough

to

burn)

14) Irony: (

反语）

It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the

opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of

their

usual

sense.

For

instance,

we

are

lucky,

what

you

said

makes

me

feel

real

good.

15) Innuendo: (

暗讽）

It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout

(

曲折

)way

at

something

disparaging(

不一致

)

or

uncomplimentary(

不赞美

)

to

the

person

or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must

take his readings in a bathroom.

16)

Sarcasm:

(

讽刺）

It

Sarcasm

is

a

strong

form

of

irony.

It

attacks

in

a

taunting

and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of

the

subject

attacked.

For

example,

laws

are

like

cobwebs,

which

may

catch

small

flies,

but let wasps break through.

17) Paradox: (

似非而是的隽语）

It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement

or

proposition

which

on

the

face

of

it

seems

self-contradictory,

absurd

or

contrary

to established fact or practice, but which on

further thinking and study may prove

to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more

haste, less speed.

18) Oxymoron: (

矛盾修饰）

It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(

结

合

)

of

two

contrasting,

contradictory

or

incongruous(

不< /p>

协

调

)

terms

as

in

bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(

混乱

) and proud humility(

侮辱

).

19) Antithesis: (

对照）

It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or

ideas

in

balanced

structural

forms

to

achieve

emphasis.

For

example,

speech

is

silver;

silence is golden.

20) Epigram: (

警句）

It states a simple truth pithily(

有利地

) and pungently(

强烈

地

).

It

is

usually

terse

and

arouses

interest

and

surprise

by

its

deep

insight

into

certain

aspects

of

human

behavior

or

feeling.

For

instance,

Few,

save

the

poor,

feel

for the poor.

21) Climax:

(

渐进）

It is derived from the Greek word for

implies

the

progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or

intensity,

like

the

steps

of

a

ladder

ascending

evenly.

For

example,

I

came,

I

saw,

I conquered.

22)

Anti-climax

or

bathos:

(

突降）

It

is

the

opposite

of

Climax.

It

involves

stating

one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to

weak,

from

weighty

to

light

or

frivolous.

For

instance,

But

thousands

die,

without

or this or that, die, and endow(

赋予

) a college, or a cat.

23) Apostrophe

：

(

顿呼）

In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person

(dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is

being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!

24) Transferred Epithet: (

转类形容词）

It is a figure of speech where an epithet

(an

adjective

or

descriptive

phrase)

is

transferred

from

the

noun

it

should

rightly

modify(

修饰

) to

another

to which it does not really apply or

belong. For instance,

I spent sleepless nights on my project.

25)

Alliteration:

(

头韵）

It

has

to

do

with

the

sound

rather

than

the

sense

of

words

for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(

间

隔

)

and

since

the

sound

repeated

is

usually

the

initial

consonant

sound,

it

is

also

called

the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the

furrow followed free.

26) Onomatopoeia: (

拟声）

It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds

made

by

an

object

(animate

or

inanimate),

or

which

are

associated

with

or

suggestive(

提示的

) of some action or movement.

英语中所有

19

种修辞手法的全部解释和例句

来源：

张震的日志

明喻

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对 比

.

这种共性存在于人们的心里

,

而不是事物的自然

属性

.

标志词常用

like,

as,

seem,

as

if,

as

though,

similar

to,

such

as

等

.

例如

:

1>.He

was

like

a

cock

who

thought

the

sun

had

risen

to

hear

him

crow.

2>.I

wandered

lonely

as

a

cloud.

3>.Einstein

only

had

a

blanket

on,

as

if

he

had

just

walked

out

of

a

fairy

tale.

or

隐喻

,

暗喻

隐喻是简缩了的明喻

,

是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物

,

通过比较形成

.

例如

:

1>.Hope

is

a

good

breakfast,

but

it

is

a

bad

supper.

2>.Some

books

are

to

be

tasted,

others

swallowed,

and

some

few

to

be

chewe

d

and

digested.

my

借喻

,

转喻

借喻不直接说出所要说的事物

,

而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称

.

I.

以容 器代替内容

,

例如

:

1>.The

kettle

boils.

水开了

.

2>.The

room

sat

silent.

全屋人安静地坐着

.

II.

以 资料

.

工具代替事物的名称

,