-
Designation: D 1586-99
Standard Test Method for
Penetration Test and Split-Barrel
Sampling of Soils
标准贯入及开口管取样标准试验方法
1. Scope*
范围
1.1
This
test
method
describes
the
procedure,
generally
known
as
the
Standard
Penetration
Test
(SPT),
for
driving
a
split-
barrel
sampler
to
obtain
a
representative
soil sample
and a measure of the resistance of the soil to
penetration of the sampler.
1.1
该方法描述标准贯入试验程序，打入裂口管取样器取代表性土试样，量
得打入取
样器得阻力值。
1.2 This standard does not purport to
address
all of the safety problems,
if any,
associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish
appropriate safety and health
practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory
limitations prior to use.
For a specific precautionary statement, see 5.4.1.
1.2
该标准试验方法没有包含所有的安全问题，联系实际需
要。在试验前确
定合适的安全、
健康守则和决定其规章制度适用
的局限性是试验者的责任。
预防
性注意条款说明见
5.4.1
。
1.3 The values stated in
inch-pound units are to be regarded as the
standard.
1.3
数值标准单位为英寸。
Note 1-Practice D 6066 can
be used when testing loose sands below the water
table
for liquefaction studies or when
a higher level of care is required when drilling
these
soils.
This
practice
provides
information
on
drilling
methods,
equipment
variables;
energy corrections, and blow-count
normalization.
2. Referenced Documents
参考文件
2.1 ASTM
Standards:
D 2487 Practice for
Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes
(Unified Soil
Classification System)
D
2488
Practice
for
Description
and
Identification
of
Soils
(Visual-
Manual
Procedure)
D 4220
Practices
for Preserving
and Transporting
Soil Samples
D
4633
Test
Mcthod
for
Stress
Wave
Energy
Measurement
for
Dynamic
Penetrometer Testing Systems
D 6066 Practice for Determining the
Normali?ed Penetration Resistance Testing of
Sands for Evaluation of Liquefaction
Potential
3. Terminology
术语
3.1
Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard
3.1
本标准中特殊术语的定义：
3.7.1
anvil
-that
portion
of
the
drive-weight
assembly
which
the
hammer
strikes and through which the hammer
energy passes into the drill rods.
3.1.1
铁砧
——
重力锤击装置的一部分，将重锤锤击及其能量传给钻杆。
3.1.2 cathead-
the rotating drum or windlass in the rope-cathead
lift system around
which
the
operator
wraps
a
rope
to
lift
and
drop
the
hammer
by
successively
tightening and
loosening the rope turns around the drum.
3.1.2
锚架
——
滚桶和绞盘，通过它，操作者缠绕绳索将重锤提起、放下，
成功的收紧及放松绕
在滚桶上的绳索。
3.1.3 drill rods-
rods used to transmit downward force and torque to
the drill bit
while drilling a
borehole.
3.1.3
钻杆
——
在钻孔时向钻头传递向下力和扭矩。
3.1.4 drive-
weight assemble-a device consisting of the hammer,
hammer fall guide,
the anvil, and any
hammer drop system.
3.1.4
重锤
锤击装置
——
由重锤、重锤下落引导杆、铁砧和任何一种重锤落
下装置。
3.1.5 hammer-that portion of the drive-
weight assembly consisting of the 140±
2
Ib
(63.5±
1
kg)
impact
weight
which
is
successively
lifted
and
dropped
to
provide
the
energy that accomplishes the sampling
and penetration.
3.1.5
重锤
——
140±
2
Ib
(63.5±
1kg),
通过提升并跌落重锤提供的能量完成取
样和贯入。
3.1.6 hammer
drop system-that portion of the drive-weight
assembly by which the
operator
accomplishes the lifting and dropping of the
hammer to produce the blow.
3.1.6
重锤跌落系统
——
重锤锤击装置的组成部分，操作
者通过提升、放开
重锤产生击数。
3.1.7 hammer fall guide-that part of
the drive-weight assembly used to guide the
fall of the hammer.
3.1.7
重锤下落导向
——
重锤锤击装置的组成部分
，用于引到重锤下落。
3.1.8 N-value-the blow count
representation of the penetration resistance of
the soil.
The
N-value,
reported
in
blows
per
foot,
equals
the
sum
of
the
number
of
blows
required to drive the
sampler over the depth interval of 6 to 18 in.
(150 to 450 mm)
(see 7.3).
3.1.8 N
值
——
击数代表着土粒的贯入阻力。
每进入一英寸记录击数，
N
值等
于将取样器打入土中
6
到
18
英寸（
150<
/p>
到
450mm
）间的击数（见
7.3
节）
。
3.1
.9 ?N
-the
number of blows obtained from each of the 6-in.
(150-mm) intervals
of sampler
penetration (see 7.3).
3.1.9 ?N——
每次贯入测试取样器贯入土中
6
英寸（
150mm
）的击数。
3.1.10
number
of
rope
turns-the
total
contact
angle
between
the
rope
and
the
cathead at the beginning of the
operator's rope slackening to drop the hammer,
divided
by 360°
(see Fig.
1).
3.1.10
绳索缠绕数
——
3.1.11 sampling rods-rods that connect
the drive-weight
assembly to
the sampler.
Drill rods are
often used for this purpose.
3.1.11
取样杆
——
连接重锤锤击装置于取样器。同常
用钻杆。
3.1.12 SPT-abbreviation
for standard penetration test, a term by which
engineers
commonly refer to this
method.
3.1.12 SPT
——
< br>标准贯入试验的缩写，工程师通常使用该术语。
4.
Significance and Use
作用
4.1
This
test
method
provides
a
soil
sample
for
identification
purposes
and
for
laboratory tests appropriate for soil
obtained from a sampler that may produce large
shear strain disturbance in the sample.
4.1
该测试方法能为辨别地基土和适当的室内试验提供土试
样，从取样器中
采取的土样经受了剪应力扰动。
4.2
This
test
method
is
used
extensively
in
a
great
variety
of
geotechnical
exploration
projects. Many local correlations and widely
published correlations which
relate
SPT
blowcount,
or
N-value,
and
the
engineering
behavior
of
earthworks
and
foundations are available.
4.2
该测试方法广泛用于岩土勘察。
许多有关
SPT
击数或
N
值的地方修正和
大范围出版了的修正，都可得到有关土方和地基的工程特性
。
5. Apparatus
仪器设备
5.1
Drilling
Equipment-Any
drilling
equipment
that
provides
at
the
time
of
sampling
a suitably clean open hole before insertion of the
sampler and ensures that
the
penetration
test
is
performed
on
undisturbed
soil
shall
be
acceptable.
The
following
pieces
of
equipment
have
proven
to
be
suitable
for
advancing
a borehole in some
subsurface conditions.
5.1
钻
孔设备
——
钻孔设备在取样器插入取样前能提供一个清洗干净的
孔并
确保贯入试样是在未受扰动的原状图样上进行的。
下面的仪
器设备被证实在某些
地面条件下是适用的。
5.1.1 Drag,
Chopping, and Fishtail Bits, less than 6.5 in.(162
mm) and greater than
2.2 in. (56 mm) in
diameter may be used in conjuction with open-hole
rotary drilling
or casing-advancement
drilling methods. To avoid disturbance of the
underlying soil,
bottom discharge bits
are not permitted; only side discharge bits are
permitted.
5.1.1
拖，
砍和鱼尾螺栓，
直径小于
6.5
英
寸
（
162mm
）
，
大于
2.2
英寸
（
56mm
）
，
用于连接旋转钻孔或其它的开孔方法。
为避免扰动地下土，
< br>不允许使用钻头排流，
只能适用钻头侧面排流。
5.1.2 Roller-Cone Bits, less than 6.5
in. (162 mm) and greater than 2.2 in. (56 mm)
in
diameter
may
be
used
in
conjunction
with
open-hole
rotary
drilling
or
casing-advancement drilling methods if
the drilling fluid discharge is deflected.
5.1.2
圆锥钻头，直径小于
6.
5
英寸（
162mm
）
，大于
2.2
英寸（
56mm
）
，用于
连接旋转钻孔或其它的开孔方
法，如果钻孔液是侧面排放。
5.1.3 Hollow-Stem Continuous Flight
Augers, with or without a center bit assembly,
may be used to drill the boring. The
inside diameter of the hollow-stem augers shall
be less than 6.5in. (162 mm) and
greater than 2.2 in. (56 mm).
5.1.3
带或不带中心钻头的中空连续行程式螺丝钻，可用于钻孔。螺丝钻的内
径
应小于
6.5
英寸（
162mm
）大于
2.2
英寸（
56mm
）
。
5.1.4 Solid,
Continuous Flight, Bucket and Hand Augers, less
than 6.5 in. (162 mm)
and greater than
2.2 in. (56 mm) in diameter may be used if the
soil on the side of the
boring does not
cave onto the sampler or sampling rods during
sampling.
5.1.4
坚固，连续行程，桶和坚硬
螺丝钻，直径小于
6.5
英寸（
162
mm
）
，大
于
2.2
英寸（
56mm
）
，当孔壁土不沾在取样器或是取样杆上是使用。
5.2
Sampling
Rods-Flush
joint
steel
drill
rods
shall
be
used
to
connect
the
split-barrel
sampler
to
the
drive-
weight
assembly.
The
sampling
rod
shall
have
a
stiffness (moment of inertia) equal to
or greater than that of parallel wall
steel rod which has an outside diameter
of
1
5
8
in. (41.2 mm) and an inside diameter
of
1
1
8
in. (28.5 mm).
5.2
取样杆
——
淬化钢质杆，用于连接裂口
式取样器和重量推进装置。取样
杆的强度（瞬时惯性）应等于或大于
A
型钻杆（一种外径为
1
5
8
in.
（
41.2
mm
）
，
内径为
1
1
8
in.
（
28.5mm
）的钢管）
。
Note
2-Recent
research and comparative
testing indicates the type rod used, with
stiffness
ranging
from
size
rod
to
size
rod,
will
usually
have
a
negligible
effect on the N-values to depths of at
least 100ft (30 m).
注释
2
——
对使用钢管的研究和对比试验表明：从
A
型钢管到
N
型钢管强度
的变化，在
100 ft(30m)
的深度内对
N
值的影响可以忽略。
5.3
Split-Barrel
Sampler-The
sampler
shall
be
constructed
with
the
dimensions
indicated in Fig. 2. The driving shoe
shall be of hardened steel and shall be replaced
or
repaired
when
it
becomes
dented
or
distorted.
The
use
of
liners
to
produce
a
constant inside diameter of 13/s in.
(35 mm) is permitted, but shall be noted on the
penetration
record
if
used.
The
use
of
a
sample
retainer
basket
is
permitted,
and
should also be noted on the penetration
record if used.
5.3
裂口取样桶
——
取样桶尺寸见图
2
（图略）
。管靴应为高强度钢并且当其
凹陷或扭曲时可更换或
修理。为保持恒定的
1
5
8
in.
（
41.2mm
）
大小的内径，允许
使用衬垫，但必须在贯入记录上注明。
允许使
用试样固定蓝，
但也应在贯入记录
上注明。
Note
3--Both
theory
and
available
test
data
suggest
that
N-values
may
increase
between 10 to 30%
when liners are used.
注释
3
——
理论和现有的试验数据都建议：当使用衬垫时，
< br>N
值可能增加
10-30%
。<
/p>
5.4 Drive-Weight Assembly:
重量推进装置：
5.4.1 Hammer and Anvil-The
hammer shall weigh 140±
2 1b
(63.5±
1 kg) and shall
be a
solid rigid metallic mass. The hammer shall strike
the anvil and make steel on
steel
contact when it is dropped. A hammer fall guide
permitting a free fall shall be
used.
Hammers
used
with
the
cathead
and
rope
method
shall
have
an
unimpeded
overlift capacity of at least 4 in.
(100mm). For safety reasons, the use of a hammer
assembly with an internal anvil is
encouraged.
5.4.1
锤和铁砧
——
锤重
140±
2
Ib
（
63.5±
1kg
）
，应为坚硬的金属块。当锤落
下后，钢与钢接触，重锤锤击铁砧。应使用允许自由掉落的重锤下落导向装置。
重锤与锚
架及绳索使用，应有一个没有限制的上拉限位装置至少
4in.(100mm)
。
为安全起见，鼓励重锤装置使用一个内置的铁砧。
Note
4-It
is
suggested
that
the
hammer
fall
guide
be
permanently
marked
to
enable the operator or
inspector to judge the hammer drop.
注释<
/p>
4
——
建议重锤导向杆刻上尺度，以使操
作者或者观察者能够判断重锤
掉落高度。
5.4.2 Hammer
Drop System-Rope-cathead, trip, semiautomatic, or
automatic hammer drop
systems may be used, providing the lifting
apparatus will not
cause penetration of
the sampler while re-engaging and lifting the
hammer.
5.4.2
重锤掉落系统
——
绳索锚架，
行程，
半自动，<
/p>
或自动掉锤系统可能使用，
确保提升设备在重新啮合和提升时不造
成取样器的插入。
5.5 Accessory Equipment-Accessories
such
as
labels,
sample containers, data
sheets, and
groundwater level measuring devices shall be
provided in accordance with
the
requirement of the project and other ASTM
standards.
5.5
附件设备
——
标签、试样筒、记录纸和地下水量测仪器设备，需满足工
程及
ASTM
标准的要求。
6. Drilling Procedure
钻孔程序
6.1 The boring shall be advanced
incrementally to permit intermittent or continuous
sampling.
Test
intervals
and
locations
are
normally
stipulated
by
the
project
engineer
or
geologist.
typically
the
intervals
selected
are
5
ft
(1.5
mm)
or
less
in
homogeneous strata with test and
sampling locations at every change of strata.
6.1
钻孔钻进应能断续或是连续取样。试验间距及位置通常
由工程项目工程
师或是地质工程师确定。
典型的是，
间距
5ft(1.5m)
或在均匀地层中每变层处
测试
和取样。
6.2
Any
drilling
procedure
that
provides
a
suitably
clean
and
stable
hole
before
insertion
of
the
sampler
and
assures
that
the
penetration
test
is
performed
on
essentially
undisturbed
soil
shall
be
acceptable.
Each
of
the
following
procedures
have
proven
to
be
acceptable
for
some
subsurface
conditions.
The
subsurface
conditions
anticipated should be considered when selecting
the drilling method to be
used.
6.2
任何钻孔过程中，在插入取样器前都应确保孔内干净及
孔壁的稳定并确
保在未扰动的原状土中进行。
以下各程序被证明
在某些地下条件可用。
在选择钻
孔方法时应考虑地下土层条件。
6.2.1
Open-hole rotary drilling method.
6.2.1
旋转钻孔法开孔。
6.2.2 Continuous Bight hollow-stem
auger method.
6.2.2
中空螺丝钻连续行程法。
6.2.3
Wash boring method.
6.2.3
洗孔法。
6.2.4
Continuous flight solid auger method.
6.2.4
实心螺丝钻连续行程法。
6.3 Several
drilling methods produce unacceptable borings. The
process of jetting
through an open tube
sampler and then sampling when the desired depth
is reached
shall not be permitted. The
continuous flight solid auger method shall not be
used for
advancing
the
boring
below
a
water
table
or
below
the
upper
confining
bed
of
a
confined
non-
cohesive
stratum
that
is
under
artesian
pressure.
Casing
may
not
be
advanced below the sampling elevation
prior to
sampling. Advancing a boring
with
bottom discharge bits is not
permissible. It is not permissible to advance the
boring for
subsequent
insertion
of
the
sampler
solely
by
means
of
previous
sampling
with
the