-
一、语法专题
-<
/p>
形容词和副词的比较级
（一）形容词的
比较等级
(1)
—
用法讲解
大多数的形容词都有三个级别：
原级、
比较级、
最高级。
其中比较级表示
“
更
……”
，
用于两者之间的比较，用来说明
“
前者比后者更
……”
，比较级前面一般用
much,
even, a
little
修饰，其中
even, much
只能修饰比较级。最高级表示
“
最
< br>……”
，用
于三者及三者以上之间的比较，用来说明
“
某人或某物在某个范围
He is as
tall as
I/me.
他和我一样高。
He is as
good a teacher as his
father.
他和他的父亲一样是个好教师。
②
A≠ BThey
didn
?
t do as/so much work as
you did.
他们干得事没有你多。
I
?
ve never seen
as/so old a car as
this.
我从来没有见过像这样旧的车。
③
A
> B
或
Tom is two years older than his
brother.
汤姆比他的弟弟大两岁。
Our classroom is bigger than theirs.
我们的教室比他们的大。
④
表示倍数
This room is twice as
large as that one.
整个房间是那房间的两倍大。
The earth is 49
times as big as the moon.
地球是月球的
< br>49
倍大。
⑤
表示程度的递增
The days are
getting shorter and
shorter.
白天变得越来越长了。
Our country is becoming more and more b
eautiful.
我们的国家变得越来越美了。
表示两种情况
同时变化
⑥
The
more we get
together, the happier
we
?
ll be.=If we
get
together more,
we
?
ll be
happier.
我们聚得越多，我们就会越高兴。
The harder you study, the better
you
?
ll be at English.= If
you study harder, you
?
ll be
better at English.
你学习越努力，你的英语成绩越好。
⑦
Beijing is one of the oldest
cities in
China.
北京是中国最古老的城市之一。
⑧
Ann
studies hardest of all the girls in our class.
安妮是我们班学习最用功的学
生之一。
⑨
Lily is the taller of the
twins.
莉莉是这两个双胞胎中较高的那个。
⑩
He is taller than any other
student in his
class.
他比他班级中其他的任何学生高。
=
He is taller than any of
the other students in his class.
= He
is the tallest students in his class.
【小试牛刀】
1. It is
not so______________ (beautiful) as the one back
home.
2. Li Lin is not
as______________ (active)as he used to be.
3. The air pollution is
much______________ (serious)in our city than in
theirs.
4. This is one of
the______________(delicious)dishes in this
restaurant.
5. Judy got
the______________(many)new ideas of all
the students here.
三、祈使句
（一）祈使句用法讲解
祈使句指的是
表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语
you
常省略，谓
语动
词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。
1.
肯定的祈使句
（
1
）动词原形
+
其他
Stand up, please. =
Please stand up.
请起立。
（
2
）
Be
+ n./adj.
Be a good boy!
要做一个好孩子
!
Be careful! =
Look out! = Take care!
小心
/
当心！
（
3
）
Let
+
宾语
+
动词原形
+
其它成分
Let me help
you.
让我来帮你。
Let
?
s go to
school together.
咱们一起上学去
吧。
2.
否定的祈使句
(1) Don’t +
动词原形
Don’t stand up.
别站起来。
Don’t be
careless.
别粗心。
Don’t let them play with fire.
别让他们玩火。
(2)
Let
型的否定式有两种
:“Don’t + let +
宾语
+
动词原形
+
其它成分
”
和
“Let +
宾语
+ not +
动词原形
+
其它成分
”
。
Don’t let him go. / Let him not go.
别让他走。
Let them
not play with fire.
别让他们玩火。
(3) no
开头
,
< br>用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
No smoking!
禁止吸烟
!No fishing!
禁止钓鱼
!
3.
祈使句的强调形式，通常在肯
定祈使句式前加上助动词
Do
。
例如：
Do shut up!
快住口！
4.
祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句<
/p>
时，一般用
will
或
won
?
t
。
在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：
1)
形式一致
(
即
Yes
与
will
保持一致；
No
与
won<
/p>
?
t
保持一致
)
2)
意思相反
(
即
Yes
是
“
不
”
的意思；
< br>No
是
“
是
”
的意思
)
。
在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
如：
---
Don
?
t go out, please.
It
?
s raining heavily
outside.
请不要出去。外面雨下得
很大。
---- Yes, I will. I have to
meet my brother at the airport.
不行，
我得去机场接我弟弟。
（二）易错点讲解
1
、放句首时，要注意
Don
?
t
后面要用动词原形；
2
、当人称后面有标点符号时，要注意是用祈使句还是用三单。
如：
Lucy,
don
?
t be late again.
Lucy, a 17-year-old girl, is not late
again.
3
、祈使句与
or
的搭配，
如：
Hands up, or
we
?
ll shoot.
【趁热打铁】
1.
_______
late
again,
Bill!
A.
Don’t
to
be
B.
Don’t
be
C. Not be
D. Be not
2. _______ cross
the road until the traffic lights turn green.
A. Not
B. Won’t
C. Doesn’t
D.
Don’t
3. Kate,
_______ your homework here tomorrow.
A.
bring
B. brings
C. to bring
D. bringing
4.
________
me
the
truth,
or
I’ll
be
angry.
A.
Telling
B.
To
tell
C. Told
D.
Tell 5 .Her doctor said: “________ work so
hard”
A Stop
B Don
?
t
C
Can
?
t
D No
6.
Sindy,
________
to
be
here
at
8
o
?
clock
A
is
sure
B
is
sure
that
C will be sure
D be sure
7.________ when you cross the road.
A Do care
B Care
C Do be careful
D To be careful
8. ________ in bed.
It
?
s bad for your eyes.
A Not to read
B
Don
?
t read
C
Don
?
t to read
D Not read
9
______
tell
a
lie.
A
Hardly
B
Not
C
No
D
Never
四、
should
和
had better
（一）
shoul
d
用法讲解
1.
用于第一人称疑问句，表征询意见。如：
Should I
open the window?
我可以开
窗户吗？
2.
should
表义务，可用于各种句式，通常指将来。
如：
You should do what your
parents tell you.
你应该照你父母的话去做事。
He
should do some work, but he
doesn
?
t want to.
他
应该做些工作，
但是他不想做。
也
可指现在。如：
You shouldn
?
t be
sitting in the sun.
你不应该坐在阳光下。
3.
should
表推测，暗含很大的可能。如：
It
?
s 4:30. They
should be in New York by now.
现在是四点半，他们应该到达纽约
了。
（二）
had
better
用法讲解
1. had
better
的基本用法特点
其意为
“
最好
”
、<
/p>
“
应该
”
，后接
动词原形，与情态动词
should
用法相似，其中的
had
通常缩略为
?d
。如：
You
?
d better get
some sleep
．你最好去睡一会儿。
We had better go before it rains.
我们最好在下雨前就去。
2.
had better
如何构成否定式和疑问式
构成否定式时，
通常将
not
置于
had better
之后
(<
/p>
而不是
had
之后
)
；而构成疑问式
时，则通常将
ha
d(
而不是
had
better)
置于主语之前。如：
I
?
d
better
not
disturb
him
．我最好别去打扰他。
What had we better do?
我们最好怎么办
?
【注】
在否定疑问句或反意疑问句中可将
not
与
had
连用。
如：
Hadn
?
t we better
go now?
我们是不是现在就去呢
?
3. had
better
后接进行式
有时后接动词的进行式，表示最好马上做某事如：
I
?
d
better be
going
．我想我
最好还是马上走。
You
?
d better be
getting your clothes ready.
你最好马上把衣服准备好。
【趁热打
铁】
句式转换：
You You You
We
?
d
单选
(
)1. This
dictionary belongs to Rita. You ____________ it
home without letting
her
know.
A.
had
better
not
to
take
B.
shouldn
?
t
take
C.
needn
?
t
take
D.
shouldn
?
t be taking (
)2.
This is a very important
project
，
so you _______ plan
it very carefully.
A. should
B. will
C.
dare
D. need
(
)3.
You
had
better
________
football
near
the
street
，
it
?
s
very
dangerous.
A.
not
to
play
B.
don
?
t
play
C.
not
play
D.
to
not play
(
)4.
Our money is very limited
，
so you ___________ so much money on so
dear
a
skirt.
A.
shouldn
?
t
spent
B.
shouldn
?
t
be
spending
C.
needn
?
t
spent
D.
won
?
t spend
should had should better
put
go better dress the
to
get neatly.(rubbish
school
here
同
on
time.(early.(
义划
否否句线
定定
)
提
句
)________________________________________
__________________
句
)_______
__________________________________________________
___
___________________________________
__________________________
问
)__
__________________________________________________
_______
动词不定式
1
、动词不定式作宾语
一些动词，
如
want,
decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan,
need, teach, prepare,
等，常接动词不定式作宾语。当动词不定
式作宾语时，如果后接宾语补足语，常
用
it
< br>作形式宾语，
而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。
应注
意有些动词后面可
接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但所表达的意义不同。
常见的有：
（
1<
/p>
）
stop to do
sth.
停止正在做的事，去做另一件事；
stop
doing sth. .
停止正在做的事
（
2
）
go
on to do sth.
做完一件事后，继续做另一件事；
go on doing
sth.
继续
做同一件事
（
3
）
remember/forget to do sth
.
记住／忘记去做某事；
remember/forget
doing
sth.
记得／忘记做过某事
有一些动词后面
后面是省略
to
的情况，如
see,
watch, look at, hear, make, let,
help
等。
常考词组：
expect to do
期望做。
refuse to do
拒绝做。
plan to do
计划做。
decide to do
决定做。
agree to do
同意做。
learn to do
学会做。
hope to do
希望做。
prepare to
do
准
备
做。
want to do
想做。
choose to do
选择做。
wait to do
等待做。
wish to do
希
望
做。
2
、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，
有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，
或在不定式前加
in
order
或
so
as
。常用结构有
too + adj./adv. + to
dosth.
等。
【趁热打铁】
1. It took
half an hour _______(get) to the World Park from
Kitty
?
s school.
2. It was interesting _______(see) so
many places of interest from all over the world.
3. They want _______(save) time by
using shorter words and phrases.
4.
Kitty
?
s classmate Daniel
taught himself how _______(make) a home page.
5. He put his photos on it for everyone
_______(look) at.
6. Help him
_______(put) the photos in the correct order.
7.
He made the girl
_______(cry)
yesterday.
8.
It
?
s
time
for
class.
Please
stop
_______(talk).
9.
I
?
d
like
_______(go) to the
Temple of Heaven.
英语的简单句有五种基本句型：
掌握这五种基本句型，
是掌握各种英语句子结构
的基础
。
主＋谓；
主＋谓＋宾；
主＋系＋表；
主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾；
主＋谓＋直宾＋宾补。
过去进行时
用法
1
、过去进行时表示过去某段时间
昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
< br>（
2
）
What was he
researching all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在研究什
么？
2.
过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。
时间点可以用介词短语、
副词或从句来表示。如：
< br>
What was she doing at nine o’clock
yesterday?
昨天晚上九点她在做什么？
(
介词短语表示时间点
)
When I saw him he was decorating his
room.
当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。
(when
从句表示时间点
)
1)
掌握过去进行时
was /
were + doing
表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，其肯
< br>定、否定和疑问形式如下：
while, when,as
when
和
as
既
可以指某一点时间，也可以指某一段时间，其从句谓语动词表示
的动作既可以是瞬间性的
，也可以是延续性的；
while
指
一段时间，
从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的。
即：
指一段时间时，
when
、
while
和
as
都可用；指一点时间时，只能用
when
或
as
，不能用
while
。试比较：
When / As he
woke up, it was eight
o
?
clock. (/)
While he woke up, it was eight
o
?
clock. (X)
When/ While/As I was waiting for a bus,
I met her. (/)
when
引导的从句的谓语
动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、
之后或同时发生；
while<
/p>
和
as
引导
的从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。
When he finished his homework, he
played the computer games for a while.
当他完成作业后，他玩了会儿电脑游戏。
（
finished<
/p>
先发生）
When I got to
the museum, the door was closed.
当我赶到博物
馆时，大门已经关上了。
（
got to
后发生）
While/ As I
was sleeping, the telephone rang.
当我睡觉时，电话响了。
（
was
sleeping
和
rang
同时发
生）
当主句、从句动作同时发生且从句动作为延续性动词时，
when
、
while
和
as
都
可使用。
When/
While/
As
she
was
making
a
phone
call,
I
was
writing
an
email.
当她在打电话时
，我正在写一封电子邮件。
（
make
为延续性动词）
When/while/As we
were reading, a stranger came in.
当我们正在
看书时，一位陌生人走了进来。
（
read
为延续性动词）
强调两个动作同时进行，常用
“
过去进行时
+while+
过去进行时
“
结构。如：
They were rowing boats while we were
climbing the hill.
当我们在爬山时，他们在划船。
强调
某个动作发生的时候，另一个动作正在进行，常用
“
一般过去时
+while+
过
去进行时
“
结构。如：
It
began to rain heavily while we were having dinner.
我们在吃晚饭时，开始下起大雨。
例题巩固：
(1). We
were swimming in the lake _____ the rain started
yesterday.
A. when
B. while
C.
until
D.
before
(2).We are going to the post
office. ____ you
?
re there,
can you get me some stamps?
A. As
B.
While
C.
Because
D. If
(3).
Babies sleep l6 to l8 hours in every 24 hours, and
they sleep less __
they
grow
older.
A. while
B.
as
C. when
D.
after
但是若强调某个动作
正在进行中时，又发生了别的动作，用
when
从句。
when
从句必用过去进行时，
主句用一般过去
时。
(
表示在
when
从句正进行期间又发生
了主句的动作
)
此时
, when=
while
，表时间段。
如
:
当学生们正在读书时，老师走进了教室。
When/While the students were reading,
the teacher came into the classroom.
昨晚当爸爸和妈妈正在看电视时，我到家了。
While my parents were watching TV last
night, I went home.
若主、
从句两个延续动作同时进行，用
while,
则主与从句都用进行时
,
此时，
while
译为
“
而
”“
一边
,
一边
”,
如
:
1.
他正在读书而我正在学习。
He
was
reading
the
newspaper
while
I
was
studying.
2.
贝贝正在唱歌
,
而萍萍正在跳舞。
Beibei
was
singing
while
Pingping
was
dancing.
3.
她一边听歌一边做作业。
She
was
doing
her
homework
while
she
was
listening
to music.
4.
当玻璃或砖块落下来时人们疯狂的跑
了出来。
People were running
wildly while pieces of glass and bricks were
falling down.
5.
Suzy
正在堆雪人而
Kitty
在她旁边站着看。
Suzy
was
making
a
snowman
while
Kitty was standing beside her.
Exercise
1
1. What ______ your brother ________
(do) at nine o
?
clock last
night?
2. They ______________ (listen)
to music at that time.
3. When I saw
him, he _____________ (search) the Internet.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：一般疑问句和Do的用法
下一篇：语法之否定