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..
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Key to book4 unit1-4
Unit 1
Active
reading (1)
Looking for a
job after university? First, get off the
sofa
Reading and
understanding
Dealing with unfamiliar
words
3 Match the words in
the box with their definitions.
1 to make
progress by moving to the next stage in a series
of actions or events
2 the
process of changing from one situation, form or
state to another
3 not
feeling involved with someone or something in a
close or emotional way
4
referring to something which will happen
soon
5 to be sitting still
in a position that is not upright
6 to return to a previous state or way
of behaving
7 to say what
happened
(recount)
(proceed)
(transition)
(detached)
(upcoming)
(slump)
(revert)
4
Complete the paragraph with the correct form of
the words in Activity 3.
It
isn
’
t easy to
make the (1)transition
from
a busy university student to an
unemployed
young adult
(2)
slumped
on a bar stool or half watching a
mindless television show,
proceed . Many people who
have
recounting
how they felt at the
wondering if and how their career is
going to (3)
experienced a
long period of inactivity like this, when
(4)
time, refer to the same
strange psychological effect. As the days pass,
they begin to feel (5)
专业
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detached
from any sense of pressure to go and
look for a job, and tend to regard (6)
upcoming
interviews as if
they were not very important. Typically, back at
home after three
or four
years away, they (7)
revert
to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in
many cases,
become dependent
again on their parents.
5
Replace the
underlined words with the correct form of the
words in the box. You may
need to make other changes.
1
I went to a
mixed-ability secondary school just outside
London.
(comprehensive)
(cop)
(aerial)
(clutched)
2
I got stopped
by a policeman who asked to see my driving
licence.
3
Have you seen
this beautiful from the air view of
Oxford?
4
Isabel tightly her bag as she walked
down the corridor towards the office.
5
You should
speak to Toby; he
’
s an supporter of flexible working
hours(advocate).
6
I hurt my leg badly a couple of months
ago, and it still hasn
(healed)
’
t got better completely
6 Answer the questions about the
words.
1
Is a
dead-end
job one with (a) exciting prospects,
or
2
Is a
tricky
problem
(a) difficult , or (b) easy to solve?
3
If an
activity
(b) no
future
?
saps
all your energy, do you feel
(a) tired
, or
(b) more active than usual?
, or
’
(b)t want
to
4
Does a
pushy
person try to (a)
persuade you to do something you don
help you by listening to what you have
to say?
5 If you
feel
apathy
, do
you want to (a) change the world, or
(b) stay at home and do
专业
word
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nothing ?
7
Answer the questions about the phrases.
1
Is
fork out
(a) a
formal, or
(b) an informal
way of saying to pay for something
as another person, are you (a) making
the same journey
?
2
If you are
in the same
boat
together, or
(b) in the same difficult
or unpleasant situation?
3
If
you feel you have
come full
circle
, do you
(a) feel you are back where you
started
, or (b)
feel a sense of
satisfaction because you have completed
something?
4
If someone
takes
a soft line
, do they deal with a
person
or (b) in a lazy way
without making a decision?
5
If you
strike the right note
badly?
(a) in a kind and
sympathetic way
,
about something, are you expressing
yourself
(a) well
, or (b)
6
If you do something
it?
by all means
, do you
(a) try your best to do
it
, or (b) not care
about
7
If
you
nudge someone back into
the saddle
responsibility
again
, or (b) take it
easy?
, are you
encouraging them to
(a)
take
8
If
you
talk through
a problem with someone, do
you
or (b) refer to it
quickly and then change the subject?
(a) examine it carefully
and sensitively
,
Active reading (2)
If you ask me
专业
word
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Dealing with
unfamiliar words
4 Match the
words in the box with their
definitions.
1 funny or
entertaining
(amusing)
2 used
for emphasizing that something good has happened,
especially because of good
luck (fortunately)
3 an amount of money that a person,
business or country borrows, usually from a
bank
(loan)
4 to take an amount or number from a
total
(deduct)
5 the most exciting, impressive, or
interesting part of an event
6 to show that you understand
someone
7 needing a lot of
time, ability, and energy
(highlight)
’
(sympathize)problems
(demanding)
5
Complete the conversation with the correct form of
the words in Activity 4.
A
After three years at university, I
B I (1) sympathize
with
you, I know what it
fortunately
I didn
had a part-time job.
A
What did you
do?
B
I worked in
a restaurant at weekends.
A That must
have been very (4)
demanding
.
need
’t
to take
out a student (3)
’
m now quite heavily in debt.
’
s like to have financial
problems. But (2)
loan when
I was at university, because I
B Yes, it was. I had to get
the right balance between work and study. But the
other people
who worked
there were good fun to be with, so it was quite
(5)
amusing
too.
The (6)
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highlight
of the weekend was always Saturday
night when we worked overtime.
A But I don
’
t expect you made a lot of
money?
’
t much
after they deducted
’
taxd(7)and pension contributions. But
it was
B No, there
wasn
enough to keep me
going.
6 Replace the
underlined words with the correct form of the
words in the box. You may
need to make other changes.
1 When I was at college I kept all my
personal things in an old cupboard.
2 A lot of people who leave university
before getting a degree end up in good
jobs.
3
I think she
’
ll get a good degree, but I
wouldn
’
t risk
my money on the exact result.
4
The money I
spent at college was more than what I earned in my
part-time job.
5
The chances of my being offered a job
after that interview must be quite
remote.
6
Our business has done very well since
we changed our advertising.
7
I think telling
the truth and not cheating is always the best
policy.
Key:
(1) belongings
(2) dropouts
(3) gamble (4) exceeded
(5) odds
(6) has thrived (7)
honesty
7 Answer
the questions about the words and
expressions.
1 If something
is
bit
disappointing
not all
it
?
’
s cracked up
,is
to
it
(a)
be
valid and
interesting, or
(b) just a
little
2 If someone
keeps
banging on about
something
?
, are you likely to be (a) interested
in, or
(b) bored by what
they say
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3
If there is a
lot of
4
If something happens
5
If you say
you
hassle
in
your life, are you likely to feel
out of the blue
, is
it
(a) stressed , or (b)
relaxed?
(a)
unexpected
, or (b) part of
your plan?
ended up
in a particular job, do you suggest
that (a) you have fulfilled your
?
ambition, or (b) it
happened almost by chance
6
Are the
regulars
in a pub (a) the
customers who come very often
offers most often?
7
If
something is
,
or (b) the food the pub
dead easy
, is it (a) very
easy
, or (b) not easy at
all?
, do
you
(a) buy something nice
for them
8
If you
treat someone to something
badly to them?
,
or (b) behave
9
If
you
cheer a place up
, do you
(a) make
the place look brighter
in
the place happier?
, or (b) make the people
Reading and interpreting
8 Look at the sentences from the
passage and identify the style
features.
1 Twelve years at
school and three years at university, teachers
banging on about
opportunities in the big wide world
beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do
I
find?
This shows the informality of an
incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of
an informal
expression
(banging on) and a rhetorical question to the
reader (What do I find?)
2
Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is
hassle, sometimes with people
(especially
boys, god,
when will they grow up?)
?
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可编辑
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..
..
This has the
use of an informal word (hassle), an informal
exclamation (god) and a question
to the
reader
(When will they grow up?)
3
Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London
School of Economics (LSE).
Here there is a discourse marker
typical of speech (Actually) and an informal
phrase (had my
eye
on).
4 I kind of understand
it, and not just because my degree is in
economics.
Here
“
kind of
”
is a sort of
discourse marker of informal speech (showing
something is
general, vague
or not definite).
5 I wanted
something in finance and investments, because you
know, maybe with a job like
that, I could use my degree.
This has a discourse marker of informal
speech (you know).
6 ...
it
’
s
true, he really did seem to have three
hands.
Again here is a
discourse marker of informal speech (it
’
s
true).
7 I talked to him about ... well,
about pretty well everything
This has another discourse marker of
informal speech (well) and an informal phrase
(pretty
well).
Language in use
word formation: compound
nouns
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1 Write the compound nouns which
mean:
1 a degree which is
awarded a first class
2 work
in a hospital
(hospital
work)
(a plane
ticket)
(a first-class
degree)
3 a ticket for a
plane journey
4 a discount
for students
(a student
discount)
(a bus
pass)
5 a pass which allows
you to travel on buses
6 a
room where an interview is held
7 a period spent in training
word formation: noun phrases
(an interview room)
(a training period)
2 Write the noun phrases which
mean:
1 a career which is
rewarding from the financial point of
view
2 legislation which has
been introduced recently
3
instructions which are more complex than
usual
4 an institution which
is orientated towards academic
5 work which makes physical demands on
you
6 information which has
the potential to be important
7 candidates who have been selected
after a careful procedure
candidates)
8 a
coursebook in which everything has been planned
beautifully
textbook)
(a
beautifully planned
(a
financially rewarding career)
(recently introduced
legislation)
(unusually
complex instructions)
(academically orientated
work)
(physically demanding
work)
(potentially important
information)
(carefully
selected
专业
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..
..
try as
?
might
tences using try
as
3
Rewrite the
sen
?
might .
’
t think
of anything.
’
t
think of anything.
’
t seem to
respond.
’
t seem
to respond.
’
t
help thinking about my family.
’
t help thinking about my
family.
m trying to fill
this last page, but I just can
1
I
’
Try as I might to fill this
last page, I just can
2
I try to be
friendly with Marta, but she doesn
Try as I might
to be friendly with Marta, she doesn
3
I try hard to
get to sleep, but I can
Try
as I might to get to sleep, I can
4
He just
doesn
’
t seem to get the
promotion he deserves, even though he keeps
trying.
’
t seem
to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he
might
Try as he might, he just
doesn
to get the
promotion he deserves, he just
doesn
’
t seem to get
it.
5 I keep trying to
remember her name, but my mind is a
blank.
Try as I might to
remember her name, my mind is a blank.
given that
?
4
Rewrite the
sentences using given that
?
1
Since I know
several languages, I thought I would look for work
abroad.
Given that I know
several languages, I thought I would look for work
abroad.
2 Xiao Li has the
best qualifications, so she should get the
job.
Given that Xiao Li has
the best qualifications, she should get the
job.
3 Since we
’
re all here, I
think it would be a good idea to get down to some
work.
专业
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..
..
Given that we
’
re all here, I thinkitwould be a good
idea to get down to some work.
4 Since it
’
s rather late, I think we should leave
this last task until tomorrow.
Given that it
’
s rather late, I think we should leave
this last task until tomorrow.
clauses introduced by than
5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses
introduced by than .
1
She
’
s experienced at giving
advice. I
’
m
more experienced.
She
’
s less
experienced at giving advice than I am. /
I
’
m more
experienced at giving
than she
is.
2
You eat too
much chocolate. It isn
or
you
’
. t good f
You eat too much chocolate
than is good for you.
3
She
worked very hard. Most part-
timers don
’
t work so hard.
She worked harder than most part-timers
do.
4
You have
arrived late too many times. That isn
’
t acceptable.
You have arrived late more
times than is acceptable.
5
I
don
’
t think you
should have given so much personal information. It
isn
I think you have given
more personal information than is wise.
collocations
6 Read the explanations of the words.
Answer the questions.
1
highlight
A
highlight
is the
most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of
an event.
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..
(a) What would you like to be
the
highlight
of your career?
I
would like the highlight of my student career to
be to receive a national award for the
best
student research
project.
(b) How can
you
highlight
an important sentence in a
text?
You can underline it
in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or
highlighters.
(c) What are
the edited
highlights
of a
football match?
The
highlights are when someone scores a goal or
prevents one from being scored.
2 loan
A
loan
is an amount of money
someone borrows from someone else.
(a) Have you ever
No, I haven
taken
out a loan
?
’
t. But my parents have
taken out several loans to buy kitchen
equipment.
(b) What is the
best way to
pay off a loan
?
It is best to
pay a loan off quickly, although you will still
have to pay some interest.
(c) If you have a library
book
on loan
,
what do you have to do with it?
You have to return it before the date
it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a
fine.
3 thrive To
thrive
means to be very
successful, happy or healthy.
(a) What sort of business
thrives
best in your part of
the country?
In my part of
the country, light industries and electronics
companies thrive.
(b) Which
sort of plants
thrive
in a hot climate?
In a hot climate you can see tropical
fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical
plants and
trees.
(c) Why do you think some
couples
thrive on
conflict
?
It is difficult to understand why some
couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants
to
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compete
with the other or
maybe they enjoy
“
kissing and making up
”
after the
confli
7 Translate the
paragraphs into Chinese.
’
s cracked up to be. Twelve
years at school and three
If you ask me, real life is
not all it
years
at university, teachers banging on about
opportunities in the big wide world
beyond
our sheltered life as
students, and what do I find?
Try as I might to stay
cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with
people (especially
boys,
god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with
money.
It
’
s just so
expensive out here!
Everyone
wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to
deduct income tax, the bank
manager wants repayments on my student
loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas,
water,
electricity and my
mobile bills keep coming in, a
And then some bright spark calls me out
of the blue,
pension. At
this rate, I won
译时可以根据上下文增译
nd
all that
’
s
before I
’
ve had
anything to eat.
asking if
I
’
m
interested in buying a
’
? m
翻
60.
（
’
t even last till the end
of the aloneyear, lettill I
，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思
。如最后一句译文加
了“领养老金
”，点出了与上一句的关联
。）
依我看
，现实生活与人们想象的不一样
。
我们上了
12
年的中
、小学
，又上了
3
年的大学
，
，可我
这期间老师们一直在没完没了地谈
论在安宁的学生生活之外那个广阔天地里的各种机会
遇到的又是什么呢
？
无论我怎么想保持心情愉快
，麻烦事总是接踵而来
哪！他们什么时候才能长大
：有时是跟人争吵
（尤其是跟男孩
，天
！人人都想从
？），
但通常是为钱发愁
。
这个地方什么东西都很贵
我身上拿点钱去
：国税局要收个人所得税
，银行经理要我偿清学生贷款
气费
、水费、电费
，手机账单也不断地寄来
，房东催我交房租
、燃
。更可气的是
，不知
。所有这些还没算上吃饭的钱
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从哪里冒出一个自作聪明的家伙冷不丁地给我打电话
连今年都活不过去了
，更别提活到
60
岁领养老金了
。
8 Translate the
paragraphs into English.
，问我要不要买养老金
。照这样下去
，我
我认为
，选修第二专业并不适合每一位本科生
经济学了
。无疑
，我是班里最用功的学生
。我大学本科主修英语专业
，大一时就开始辅修
，但还
，因而忽
。我竭尽全力想同时达到两个不同专业的要求
，我不得不花大量时间钻研数学
是有不及格的时候
。因为经济学需要良好的数学基础
略了英语学习
。
第二学期
,
《英国文学
》及《宏观经济学
》两门课不及格给我敲响了警钟
考试不及格
，这大大打击了我的自信心
，这可是我一生中第一次
，在暑假结束的
，一切
。虽然我不是一个容易向命运低头的人
时候
，我还是决定放弃经济学
，以免两个专业都难以完成
。当我只需修一个专业的时候
似乎又回到了正轨
。
(if you ask me; odds; try
as
bow to fate; come to a
close; for fear that; now that)
If you ask me, taking a second major
isn
?
might; sap one
’
s
confidence; given that;
’
t good for every
undergraduate. In my
freshman year as an English major, I
took economics as my minor. By all odds, I was
the
most hardworking student
in my class. But try as I might to meet the
requirements of the
two
different subjects, I still couldn
well enough to
’
passtdoall the exams. Given
that the
study of economics
required a good command ofmathematics, I had to
spend so much time
on math
that I neglected my English major.
Failing
English
Literature
and
Macroeconomics
in
the second semester sounded the
alarm for me. This was the first time I
did not pass a course in my life, which had
greatly
sapped my
confidence. Although I was not a man who would
easily bow to fate, as the
summer break came to a close, I decided
to give up economics for fear that I would fail
in
专业
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..
..
..
both subjects. Now that I had only one
subject to attend to, everything seemed to be on
the
right track
again.
Translation of the
passages
Active reading
(1)
大学毕业找工作的第一要义
今年夏天
，超过
65
万的大学生毕业离校
：别躺在沙发上做梦
。在当今
，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作
金融危机的背景下
，做父母的该如何激励他们
？
七月
，你看着
21
岁英俊的儿子穿上学士袍
，戴上四方帽
，骄傲地握着优等学士学位证
书，拍毕业照
。
这时
，记忆中每年支付几千英镑
，好让儿子吃好
、能参加奇特聚会的印象开始
消退
。
总算熬到头了
。
等到暑假快要结束
，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候
，你发
现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视
。他只是偶尔走开去发短信
，浏览社交网站
。他能找到
Facebook
，去酒吧喝酒
。
这位前
“千禧一代
”的后裔一夜之间变成了哼哼一代的成员
工作吗
？
这就是成千上万家庭所面临的景象
：今年夏天
，超过
65
万大学生毕业
，在当今金融危机
。父母只会唠叨
，而儿女们则毫无缘由
的背景下他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么
地变成了叛逆者
，他们知道自己该找份工作
，但却不知道如何去找
。
，获得二级一等
来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克
·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业
荣誉学士学位
。
他走进大学就业服务中心
，又径直走了出来
，因为他看见很多人在那里排长
队。跟他一起
住的另外
5
个男孩也都跟他一样
，进去又出来了
。找工作的压力不大
，虽然他所认识的大
专业
word
可编辑
.
..
..
..
多数女生都有更清晰的计划
。
他说
：“我申请政治学研究工作
，但被拒了
。
他们给的年薪是
1
万
8
千镑
，交完房租后所
剩无几
，也就够买一罐煮豆子
，可他们还要有研究经历或硕士学位的人
。然后我又申请了公务
员速升计划
，并通过了笔试
。但在面试时
，他们说我
‘太冷漠
’了，谈吐
‘太像专家治国国论者
’。
我觉得自己不可能那样
，但我显然就是那样的
。”
打那以后他整个夏天都在
“躲
”。他能够轻松复述
《
交通警察
》中的若干片段
，他白天看电
视的时间太多
，已经到了影响健康的地步
。跟朋友谈自己漫无目标的日子时
，他才发现他们的
处境和自己的并没有两样
。
其中一位朋友在父母的逼迫下去超市摆货
，其余的都是白天
9
点到
5
点
“无所事事
”，晚上去酒吧喝酒打发时间
。要么，干脆就在酒吧工作
？这样还可以挣些酒
。到了大
钱。“我不想在酒吧工作
，我上的是综合性中学
，我拼命读书才考上了一所好大学
学，我又埋头苦读
，才得到一个好学位
。可现在我却跟那些没上过大学的朋友处在同一个水平
线上
，他们整天给客人倒酒
，干无聊的活
。
我觉得自己好像兜了一圈
，又回到了原来的起点
。
他的母亲杰奎琳
·古德温为他辩护
。
她坚持认为她的儿子已经尽力了
，她自己中学毕业后
。她说，
，
一直都在工作
，可是她和她的丈夫发现
，建议儿子如何继续找工作是件很棘手的事情
“我一直都必须工作
。现在找工作很难
，因为如果你有了学位
，学位就会为你提供新的机会
至少你自己会这么想
。”
虽然现在她对儿子的态度还比较温和
，但是她心里很清楚
，去南美度三星期的假之后
，他
的休假就结束了
。他可能还得付房租
，分担家庭开支
。
她说
，“在某个时候他们总该长大成
人，我们已经帮了他们交了大学的学费
，所以他们也该给我们一点点回报了
，那就打圣诞节零工好了
。”
。南美度假就是一
个分水岭
，他回来以后如果找不到工作
心理治疗师盖尔
·林登费尔德是
《情感康复策略
》的作者
。
她说古德温家长的说法是很恰当
的，从上大学到工作的转换对孩子和父母来说都很艰难
，关键是他们要在支持理解孩子和不溺
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爱孩子之间取得平衡
。
“父母的主要任务就是支持他们
，如果他们教导孩子该如何做就会引起矛盾
，”她说
。“如果
有熟人
，一定要找他们想办法
。但很多父母心太软了
。必须限制孩子的零花钱
，要求他们交房
租，或分担日常生活或养宠物的花销
。父母要过正常的生活
，不要让孩子随便用你们的银行卡
或者榨干你们的情感能量
。”
为他们支付职业咨询费
、面试交通费及书费是好事
，但不能催得太紧
。林登费尔德建议
：
，父母应该体谅他们
，宽容他们几天甚
虽说父母不能太宽容
，但是如果孩子找工作遇到了挫折
至几周
——
这要看他们受打击的程度来决定
。等他们缓过来之后
，父母就该坚决要求孩子继续
求职
。
男孩更容易困在家里
。林登费尔德相信男人比母亲和姐妹更容易帮助他们的儿子
、侄子、
或朋友的儿子
。
她说
，由于男人和女人处理挫折的方式不同
，孩子们需要跟男人谈话
，才能度
过难关
。
她强烈支持他们去酒吧工作
：那是克服毕业冷漠症的一剂良方
。这工作好不好要取决于你
，当航拍助手
。
她说
如何看待它
。
就是在酒吧打工的时候
，林登费尔德找到了她的第一份工作
在酒吧工作是拓展人际关系的绝好机会
，肯定比赖在家里看电视更容易找到工作
。
她说
：“给超市上货也一样
。如果干得好
，你就会被人发现的
。如果你聪明
、活泼
，对顾
客彬彬有礼
，你很快就会升职
。所以
，把它看作是机会
，那些最终能成功的人士都有在超市上
货的经历
。”
你的儿子或女儿可能不会干好莱坞影星们干过的活
，比如像乌比
·戈德堡那样去停尸房给
死人化妆
，或者像布鲁斯
·威利斯那样在核电站当警卫
，但即便是布拉德
·皮特也曾经不得不穿
上宽大的鸡套装站在墨西哥快餐连锁店
El
Pollo Loco
的门口招揽生意
。他们中没有一个人因
为这些经历而变得越来越穷
。
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Active reading
(2)
依我看
依我看
，现实生活与人们想象的不一样
。
我们上了
12
年的中
、小学
，又上了
3
年的大
，
学，这期间老师们一直在没完没了地谈论在安宁的学生生活之外那个广阔天地里的各种机
会
可我遇到的又是什么呢
？
无论我怎么想保持心情愉快
，麻烦事总是接踵而来
：有时是跟人争吵
（尤其是跟男孩
，天
哪！他们什么时候才能长大
？），
但通常是为钱发愁
。
这个地方什么东西都很贵
！人人都想从
我身上拿点钱去
：国税局要收个人所得税
气费
、水费、电费
，手机账单也不断地寄来
，银行经理要我偿清学生贷款
。所有这些还没算上吃饭的钱
，房东催我交房租
、燃
。更可气的是
，不知
。照这样下去
，我
从哪里冒出一个自作聪明的家伙冷不丁地给我打电话
连今年都活不过去了
，更别提活到
60
岁领养老金了
。
，问我要不要买养老金
我那时还不想出去工作
。我的意思是
，我并不是个中途辍学者
，但我知道自己以后可能不
，我
得不退学
。许多人认为
“生活不是野餐
”，没“有免费的午餐
”。但既然我拿到了优等生文凭
想我应该继
__
续攻读硕士学位
。
实际上
，我已经瞄上了伦敦经济学院的课程
学校
，能给我的履历表增添一段光彩的经历
。但当我跟妈妈谈起这件事时
，这是一所顶尖的
，她说她没法继续供
我上学了
。我大概能理解她的心情
，这不仅仅是因为我学的是经济学
。
15
年来
，为了能让我
上学
，她含辛茹苦
。这些年来
，父亲大部分时间都不在家
。就算在家
，他也没钱
。他把钱都拿
去赌狗
、喝酒了
。
我听了妈妈的话
，向命运低下了头
。
依我看
，不管人们说什么
，幸运的是世上还是有很多好心人
。麦克就是其中的一个
。大学
。
毕业时
，我想如果我回家
，妈妈会觉得她有责任照顾我
。所以，我就收拾行李去伦敦找工作
我想找金融和投资方面的职位
，因为你知道这样我就可以用上我的专业知识
。可是那时候已经
没有这样的工作了
，我又不愿意做乏味的办公室工作
，复印文件
、端茶倒水什么的
。
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无论你走到伦敦的什么地方
，你都能找到一个好酒吧
。有一天
，我意识到这个城里没有人
，顺便吃点东西
。
店主麦克正在店里
，
会雇我
，我走进位于特荷街的索尔兹伯里酒吧去喝一杯
他一只手倒酒
，一只手做三明治
，同时还洗酒杯
。
他真的好像有三只手
。他好像也认识所有的
客人
，叫得出常客的名字
。
他跟他们打招呼
，帮他们调好酒后问一句
：“今天还喝这个
，是吧？”我觉得他看起来蛮酷
，没人能比得上他
。所以我就走上前
。这份工作
的，他在做着他最擅长做的事情
：为那些口渴的顾客服务
去问他要不要雇人
。好吧
，长话短说
，某个周五的午餐时间我开始在那个酒吧打工
要求很高
，但我喜欢干
。
顾客好像觉得我挺逗乐的
，这也让我感觉好一些
。有位穿西服的中年常客总要半品脱苦啤
，不等他开口就开始准
酒，一份火腿泡菜三明治
，面包皮要消掉
。
他叫托尼
。
我一看见他进来
。
备他的午餐
，他也是那些好心人之一
依我看
，一个人没钱的时候花钱最容易
。我开始琢磨怎么花第一个月的薪水了
。我住的公
寓房租很贵
，我挣的钱刚够支付第一个月的大笔账单
，但是我估计还能剩点钱好好犒劳一下自
？
。如果你知
，让卖
己。我想
，何不买张
CD
或买盆花草装点一下房间
发工资的那天正好是我的生日
，除了麦克和托尼
，我在伦敦就没有别的朋友了
道我那时还没有男朋友
，你就会理解我为什么觉得对不起自己了
。我给自己定了些鲜花
花的人附上一张卡片
，上面写道
：“给你我所有的爱
。无名氏
”。我生日那天最精彩的瞬间就是
送花人到达公寓时大惑不解的眼神
。
那周晚些时候
，托尼像往常一样来了
，在酒吧里坐下
。“你怎么了
？今天怎么不见你笑
啦？”我跟他聊了
?? 嗯，差不多什么都跟他说了
：钱、硕士学位
、生日等等
。
他很同情我
。
，这里所有的顾客
，他对
托尼离开搁脚凳和旁边几个人说话
。记住
：索尔兹伯里酒吧是在市中心
都在银行
、保险或证券市场工作
。第二天
，他拿着几张价值共
2
万英镑的支票来到酒吧
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我说
：“这是给你的创业贷款
，你唯一的贷款担保是我对你的信任
，相信有一天你赚了钱会把
钱还给我们
。
如果你还不了钱
，那就太糟了
，金融生意就是这样
。但是，我相信你还得了
。”
我没说话
，我怕我自己要哭了
。世上这么好的人能有几个
？
那些花怎么处理
？我叫花店改送到妈妈那里去了
，我生日那天鲜花正好送到她家
。她最该
得到这些鲜花
，不是吗
？
依我看
，回顾这些年的经历
，我发现人一辈子只需要一两次的转折就能成功
。就算吃苦受
累也不要紧
，那还是值得的
。
在索尔兹伯里酒吧干了一年之后
，我去了伦敦经济学院深造
。拿到硕士学位之后
，我在一
，在
2008
年金融崩盘之前卖掉
家投资银行找到了一份工作
。
我把那两万英镑投进了证券市场
了所有的股票
。
我把托尼和其他投资者的钱还了
，付给他们
10%
的年息
，并成立了自己的公司
。公司的
生意好得超乎意料
，至今还红红火火
。托尼给我写了一封感谢信
。他出了车祸
，现在不能走路
了。我还给他的钱正好可以用来改造房子
，房子改造后他就可以坐着轮椅在家里自由活动了
。
下面是他信里写的话
：“我从事银行业
35
年来最好的投资就是给你的这笔贷款
，你连本带利地
偿还了贷款
，我对你的信任和你的诚实都获得了百倍的回报
。依我看
，在人身上投资能带来你
最希望看到的回报
。”
依我看
，他说得对
。
你说呢
？
Unit
2
Active reading
(1)
Danger! Books may change
your life
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Culture points
Lewis Carroll
(1832
–
1898) is the pen-name
of Charles Dodgson. He was a priest, a
mathematician whotaught at Oxford
University, a photographer, humorist and writer
of
children
’
s
literature
Alice
.
’
s
Adventuresin Wonderland
(1865) was immediately successful,
a
masterpiece which revolutionized
children
giving
’
scoherenclitratur
e
, and
logic through
wit and humour to unlikely or
impossible episodes in which imaginary creatures
embody
recognizable human
characteristics. He is also known for
Through the Looking Glass
and
The Hunting of the
Snark
what Alice found there
(1871) and nonsense poems, such
as
(1876).
William
Cowper
(1731
–
1800): a notable English
poet, writer of hymns and letter-writer.
He
wrote gentle,
pious, direct poems about everyday rural life and
scenes of the countryside
which have been seen as forerunners of
the Romantic movement: Coleridge called
Cowper
“
the best
modern poet He
translated
”
.
Homer
’
s Greek
epics.
The Odyssey
and
become common sayings
is
The Iliad
into
“
God moves
English. Another example of his verses
which have
in mysterious
ways, His wonders to perform
John Steinbeck
Literature in 1962.
”
(1902
–
1968):
American novelist who was awarded the Nobel Prize
for
The Grapes
of Wrath
(1939) is a well-known, long
tragic novel about an
American family of farmers who are
driven off their land in Oklahoma by soil erosion
in the
famous
“
dust bowl
”
era. They flee to
California to
what they hope will be a
better life. The book won the Pulitzer Prize and
was made into a
film in
1940. Other well-known novels include
Of Mice and Men
(1937),
Cannery
Row
(1945),
The
Pearl
(1947),
East of Eden
(1952) and an account of a personal
rediscovery of America,
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..
Travels with Charlie
(1962).
John Irving (1942
–
): American novelist and
screenwriter who taught English at college
and
was a wrestling
coach.
The Fourth Hand
(2001) is a
comic-satirical novel about a TV
journalist, Wallington,
whose hand is seen by millions of viewers to be
bitten off by a circus
lion.
A surgeon gives him a hand transplant (a third
hand) but the wife of the dead donor
wants to visit her husband
’
s hand and have a child by
Wallington,feelswho where his
original hand used to be (the fourth
hand).
Audrey
Niffenegger
(1963
–
):
American college professor who teaches writing to
visual
artists and
shows students how to make books by hand. Her
first novel,
The Time
Traveller
’
s
Wife
(2003)
–
filmed in 2009
–
is a science fiction and
romance bestseller about a man who
travels uncontrollably in time to his
own history and visits his wife in her childhood,
youth
and old age. His wife
needs to cope with his absences and dangerous life
while he travels.
The story
is a metaphor for distance and miscommunication in
failed relationships.
Paul
Torday
(1946
–
):
a British businessman who worked for a company
that repaired ship
engines
for many years.
Salmon
Fishing in the Yemen
(2007)
was his first novel. It is a
political satire and comedy about a
dull civil servant who becomes involved in a plan
to
populate the desert with
Scottish salmon. Politicians
manage the media to
“
spin
”
this as a
plan they support in order to divert
attention from problems in the Middle East. There
are
themes of cynicism and
belief, and East-West culture clashes.
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
(1918
–
2008): a
Russian writer who was imprisoned in Soviet
labour
camps in 1945; after
eight years, he was exiled to Kazakhstan and not
freed until 1956, when
he
became a teacher. In 1970 he was awarded the Nobel
Prize for Literature but not receive
专业
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..
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it until 1974. He went to Germany,
Switzerland and the USA, returning to Russia in
1994. His
best known novels
were based on his experiences as a prisoner and
include:
One Day in
the
Life of Ivan
Denisovich
(1962),
Cancer Ward
(1968),
The Gulag
Archipelago
(1974
–
1978). His
later works were about
Russian history and identity.
Graham Greene
(1904
–
1991): a
British novelist, short-story writer, playwright,
travel writer
and essayist. He wrote a num
ber of thrillers (he called
them
‘
entertainments
dramatize an ambiguous moral dilemma,
often revealing guilt, treachery, failure and
a
theme of pursuit. Greene was also a
film critic and all of these novels have been made
into
films:
Brighton Rock
(1938),
The Power and the
Glory
(1940),
The
Heart of the Matter
(1948),
The
Third Man
(1950),
The Quiet American
(1955), and
Our Man in
Havana
(1958).
E. M. Forster
(1879
–
1970): a
British novelist and writer of short stories and
essays. He lived
at different periods in Italy, Egypt
and India and taught at Cambridge University. His
best
known
novels include
A Room with a
View
(1908),
Howard
’
s
End
(1910),
A Passage to
India
(1924)
which have all been made into films. His writing
about reading and writing includes
a book of
lectures,
Aspects of the
Novel
(1927).
Thomas
Merton
(1915
–
1968): an American Catholic
writer, who was a Trappist monk in
Kentucky. He wrote over 70
books, including many essays about Buddhism and a
translation
into English of
the Chinese classic,
Chuang
Tse
. He had a great deal to say about
the
meeting of Eastern and
Western cultures and wrote many letters to
writers, poets, scholars
and
thinkers. He read a lot in English, Latin, French
and Spanish and said he always had at
least three books which he was reading
at any one time.
William
Blake
(1757
–
1827): a British poet,
artist and mystic, who read widely in
English,
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.
’
) whic
..
..
..
French, Italian, Latin, Greek and
Hebrew. He made many engravings to illustrate the
work of
such writers as
Virgil, Dante and Chaucer, as well as his own
poems. He stressed that
imagination was more important than
rationalism and the materialism of the 18th
century
and criticized the
effects of the industrial revolution in England,
but his work was largely
disregarded by his peers. He is best
known for his poetry in
Songs of Innocence
(1787) and
Songs
of Experience
(1794). His
belief in the oneness of all created things is
shown in his
much-quoted
verse,
“
To see the world in a grain of sand /
And a heaven in a flower, / Hold
hand / And eternity in an
hour.
”
infinity in the palm of your
Clifton Fadiman
(1904
–
1999): an
American writer, radio and TV broadcaster and
editor of
anthologies. For
over 50 years he was an editor and judge for the
Book-of-the-Month Club.
In
1960 he wrote a popular guide to great books for
American readers,
The
Lifetime Reading
Plan
, which discusses 133
authors and their major work: the 1997 edition
includes 9 authors
from
China.
J. K. Rowling
(1965
–
): British
writer of the seven Harry Potter fantasy books.
She studied
French and
Classics at Exeter University, before teaching
English in Portugal and training to
teach French in Scotland. The main idea
about a school for wizards and the orphan
Harry
Potter came on a
delayed train journey from Manchester to London in
1990. She began to
write as
soon as she reached London. Twelve
publishersrejected the first book
before
Bloomsbury, a small
London publisher, agreed to publish it. Later
books have repeatedly
broken
all the sales records (as have some of the films).
She is one of the richest women in
the UK and a notable supporter of many
charities.
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Language
points
1 Variety
’
s the very
spice of life, / That gives it all its
flavour
?
(Para 2)
Spices
are made from plants and added to food to give it
its particular flavour or taste. The
English proverb
“
Variety is the spice of
life
”
(the proverb comes from
Cowper
variety
gives
life extra value and
allows you to appreciate life in particular
ways.
2 We learn to look
beyond our immediate surroundings to the horizon
and a landscape
far away
from
home. (Para
3)
This means that through
reading we learn to look beyond our immediate
experience or
familiar
environment to things beyond our
immediate experience, ie to completely different
things
that we
can
imagine and experience
through books.
3
When a baseball player hits a home run
he hits the ball so hard and so far
he
to run round the
four bases of the
diamond, and score points not only for himself but
for the other
runners
already
on a base. (Para
9)
In the American game of
baseball, the field of grass is diamond-shaped and
has four bases
(specific
points
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..
..
..
marked around
the diamond), round which players must run to
score points. One team bats
(ie team
members
take turns to hit the ball and run round the
bases) and the members of the other
team throw (pitch)
the ball and, when it is has been hit,
try to catch it or get it quickly to one of the
four bases.
If a
batting
player can hit the
ball hard enough, he can run round all four bases
before the other team
can
get the ball
and thus score
maximum points
home
run.
–
with a home
run. In the passage, a really good book is
a
3 Choose the best answer
to the questions.
1 Why are
we like Alice in wonderland when we read a
book?
(a)
Because, like Alice, we often have
accidents.
(b)
Because reading makes us feel young
again.
(c)
Because reading opens the door to new
experiences.
(d)
Because books lead us into a dream
world.
2 According to the writer, what
is the advantage of reading over real
life?
(a)
There is more variety in books than in
real life.
(b)
We
can experience variety and difference without
going out of the house.
(c)
The people we meet in a book are more
interesting than real people.
(d)
It
’
s harder to
make sense of real life than a book.
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3 What do the seven novels listed in
Paragraph 4 have in common?
(a)
Their titles
stimulate imagination.
(b)
They represent the best writing by
British and American novelists.
(c)
They have
become classics.
(d)
You can find all of them in any local
library.
4 At what moment in our lives
do books become important?
(a)
As soon as we
start reading.
(b)
When we start buying books to fill our
shelves at home.
(c)
When we start listening to bedtime
stories.
(d)
Only
when we are ready for books.
5 What
claim did Merton make about the poems of William
Blake?
(a)
They were similar to the works of the
Greek writers and thinkers.
(b)
They helped
him understand the meaning of life.
(c)
They created
a sense of confusion.
(d)
They taught him a lot about modern
culture.
6 What is meant by a home-run
book?
(a)
A book which is so good you are unable
to put it down.
(b)
A book that the whole family can enjoy.
(c) A children
’
s book that is read and appreciated by
adults.
(d)
A book that
hits hard like a home run in the game of baseball.
Dealing with unfamiliar words
4 Match the
words in the box with their definitions.
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1 to make someone feel that they do not
belong to your group
(exclude)
2 to
fail to do something that you should do
(neglect)
3 to mention something as
an example
(cite)
4
to be strong enough not to be harmed or destroyed
by something
(withstand)
5 in
most situations or cases
(normally)
6
to be about to happen in the future
(await)
5 Complete the
paragraph with the correct form of the words in
Activity 4.
When
I lived in Britain, one of my favourite radio
programmes was called
Discs
”
. The
format was always the same:
Guest celebrities were asked to imagine they had
been washed
ashore on
a
desert island, and had to choose nine
books
–
(1)
excluding
the
Bible and Shakespeare,
which
they were
already provided with
–
to take with them to the
island, to help them (2)
withstand the
physical and mental
isolation. I
sometimes like to think which books I would take.
(3)
Normally
, like most people,
I
don
’t
have much time
for reading, and I could (4)
cite dozens of books which I have
never read
but which
I
would like to. It
’
s an opportunity I
haveawaited(5)
all my life,
in fact. But what would I
choose? Mostly
novels, probably, but I
wouldn
neglect
’
to
(6)include a volume or two of poetry. My
first
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“
Desert Is
..
..
..
choice, I think,
would be Tolstoy
of the most
War
’
a
nd
s
Peace
.
I
’
ve never read it, but I
’
m ready to believe that it
is one
marvelous books ever
written.
6
Replace the
underlined words with the correct form of the
words in the box.
1
In a good
novel, the writer and reader communicate with each
other.
2
I have to face up to the problem sooner
or later.
3
I read the book in one sitting and Mary
did too.
(confront)
(likewise)
(interact)
4
E. M. Forster was one of the most
important and respected British novelists of the
20th
century.
(influential)
5
Do you believe
that a work of literature can actually lead to
social changes?
6
Robert Burns was a great poet who wrote
in the language variety spoken in
Scotland.
(dialect)
7
The
(induce)
is the story of
a man who has a strange and inexplicable
genetic
Time
Traveller
’
s Wife
disorder.
(mysterious)
7
Answer the questions about the
words.
1
If you have had a disconcerting
experience, do you feel a bit (a) tired,
or
2
If you have a vista of something, can
you
(b) confused
?
(a) see or
imagine it
, or (b) go and
visit it?
(b) shouting at
them
3
Would you express great wrath by (a)
smiling at someone, or
4
If you feel
enchanted by a book, do you
?
(a) like it a
lot , or (b) not like it at all?
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5
Is a writer who
is supremely talented
(a)
very good , or (b) quite good at his
job?
(a) help understanding
, or
6
If reading
fosters an understanding of certain problems, does
it
(b) prevent
it?
7
If you are
desperately trying to get a job, are
you
(a) trying very hard to
get it
, or (b)
caring
little
whether you get it or not?
8
Is a sensation
(a) a certainty, or
(b) just
a feeling
?
Active reading
(2)
They were
alive and they spoke to me
Background information
This is from
The Books in My Life
by
Henry Miller (1861
–
1980), an American
novelist, writer
and
painter. Miller was born in New York, lived in
Paris 1930
–
1939,
and then in California.
His
best-known works blend fiction, autobiography,
social criticism and mysticism:
Tropic of
Cancer
(1934 published in France) describes
his life and loves in Paris and because of
its
sexual frankness it was
not published in the USA till 1961;
Black Spring
(1936) has
ten
autobiographical
stories;
Tropic of
Capricorn
(1939) is about
his years with the Western
Union Telegraph Company;
The Colossus of Maroussi
(1941), considered by some critics
to
be his best work, is a
travel book about people from his stay in
Greece.
In
The
Books in My Life
(1969) Miller looks at
100 books that influenced him. His list
includes
children
books
’s
written
originally for adults (eg
Alice in Wonderland
,
The Arabian
Nights
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Greek Myths and Legends
,
Robinson Crusoe
,
The Three Musketeers
);
many French novels
and
poetry (eg by Balzac, Hugo, Giono, Nerval, Proust,
Rimbaud, Huysmans, Maeterlinck),
German novels (by Mann, Hesse, Dreiser)
and the Chinese
Lao Tse
and Fenollosa
The
’
s
Chinese Written
Character as a Medium for Poetry
, besides work by American writers
(Twain,
Emerson, Thoreau,
Whitman), Dostoievshy, Nietzsche, Joyce and
writers on spiritual topics.
Culture points
August Strindberg
(1849
–
1912): A
Swedish playwright and a prolific writer of
novels, short
stories,
satires, essays and poems, and a photographer, who
tried various jobs before
becoming assistant librarian at the
Royal Library in Stockholm and established
an
experimental theatre. He
is best known for his plays, including
The Father
(1887)
and
Miss
Julie
(1888), and for his
vitality, vigour, and brilliant use of
language.
Miller cites
Strindberg
’
s
autobiographies,
TheConfession of a
Fool
(vol.2), a passionate
love
story and account of
problems in his marriage, and
religious conversion,
delusions
instability.
Blaise Cendrars
The Inferno
(vol.3), a study of his
’
s periods of
mental
and
neuroses which reflect Strindberg
(1887
–
1961) is the pen name of
Fr
é
d
é
ric Sauser, a Swiss-born
French
novelist, shortstory
writer, poet, and film-maker, who led a life of
constant travel (he was
born
in an Italian railway train) doing various jobs in
Russia, Europe, North and South
America and Asia
–
he is said to have shoveled
coal on steam trains in China. He lost
his
right arm fighting for
France in World War I. His prose includes vivid,
witty, action-packed
novels,
like
Moravagine
(1926), which describe travel and
adventure, or works directly
inspired by his own experience,
like
The Astonished
Man
(1945) and
The Cut Hand
(1946),
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and four volumes
of memoirs. Miller admired his work and
lists
‘
virtually
the complete
works
’
of Cendrars as
influential reading.
R
é
my
de Gourmont (1858
–
1915):
a French writer of 50 books: essays, novels and
poetry,
with a
strong interest in medieval Latin literature; as a
critic he was admired by T. S. Eliot.
He
was a
librarian at the National Library in Paris; later,
a painful skin disease kept him largely
at home. He was influential
in the symbolist movement in literature. He
claimed that a work
of art exists only through the emotion
it gives us. He asserted the need to get away from
the
unquestioning acceptance of commonplace
ideas and associations of ideas, and believed
it
was necessary
for thought to proceed by imagery rather than by
ideas.
Julius Caesar (110 BC
–
44 BC): a Roman statesman,
known as a great military strategist.
As
a general he
was famous for the conquest of Gaul (modern France
and Belgium) which he
added to the Roman Empire. He also made
two expeditions to Britain, was governor
of
Spain and
traveled in North Africa and Egypt. He was a good
speaker and he wrote several
books of commentaries and
memoirs on Roman wars and military
campaigns. Caesar
writing is often studied today by those
who learn Latin.
The Julius Caesar of
literature
: this phrase
compares Cendrars with Caesar: both were
men
of action,
travelers, adventurers, explorers, who somehow
found time to read a lot and write
books.
Language
points
1
The fact, however, that in the past I
did most of my work without the aid of library I
look upon as an advantage rather than a
disadvantage. (Para 1)
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可编辑
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’
s
..
..
..
This is irony.
Miller is writing about the importance of reading
and about key books in his
life, but there is a paradox: Only
recently has he been able to get all the books he
has
wanted all his life (ie
he now has money, as a best-selling writer, to buy
books) and, as a
writer, he
wrote books without the help of a library. He says
that not having books was an
advantag e. The explanation is probably
that Miller
autobiography
and fiction, so he didn
writing was
’
a
mixturesearly of
’
t need to read other
booksthemorrefertodotohis
own writing. The irony is that he is
saying this in a book about the books the
influenced him.
2 A good
book lives through the passionate recommendation
of one reader to another.
(Para 3)
Miller
thinks that a good part of the
another
with
enthusiasm, ie books are about sharing experience,
no
the book
and
the reader
t just the
author
’
s
experience in
‘
life
’
of a book is how one reader recommends
it to
’
s
experience of reading it, but also the experience
of
word-of-mouth or face-to-
face recommendation by other readers.
3
And the better
the man the more easily will he part with his most
cherished possessions. (Para 4)
This continues
Miller
’
s
thought that books are for sharing. A good person
will share things
he or she
loves. In this case, such a person will give or
lend favourite books and such
generosity makes friends: When you give
books you get friendship.
4
If you are
honest with yourself you will discover that your
stature has increased from
the mere
effort of resisting your impulse. (Para 6)
Miller
’
s
argument here is that you should not read
everything, but that you should choose
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..
..
very carefully
and selectively. This means you should resist the
temptation to read some
things which are not really going to
add to your knowledge or enjoyment (not every
book
will do this, only
some). Here, he says
that in
this way, we grow (we
“
increase our stature
That is, we grow by not reading many
books. The implication is that if we choose the
very
best books and read
these few really carefully we will get the best
from them
such selection.
Miller discusses 100 books which he things are
such books.
5 All on the
side, as it were. (Para 7)
Cendrars was a man of action who spent
most of his time on travels and
adventures.
Surprisingly
(you would think he did not have time), he read a
lot in different languages and
even wrote many books
–
this was in addition to his
main activities.
–
and grow by
6 For, if he is anything, Cendrars, he
is a man of action, an adventurer and explorer,
a
man who has
known how to
“
waste
”
his time royally. (Para 7)
Cendrars had a huge reputation as a man
of action, travelling, having adventures
and
exploring different
countries and yet he read a lot (he knew how to
use the little time
available to read).
“
Waste
”
to
isshowinquir
o
tesny (reading
isn
’
t a waste
of time), that he
reads in a
royal manner (ie very thoroughly). The sentence
structure here is quite French
with the repetition of
“
he
”.
Reading and
understanding
2 Choose the
best answer to the questions.
1 What does Miller consider to have
been an advantage during his writing
career?
(a) To have been
able to read all the books he wanted.
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..
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..
(b)
To have grown
up in a room full of books.
(c)
To have
written without the aid of a library.
(d)
The fact that
he never wanted to own any books.
2
What did three stars on a book mean in the public
library in Miller
(a)
Young people
weren
’
t allowed to read
them.
(b)
They
were the most popular books in the library.
(c)
They were
intended for children.
(d)
They were more exciting than one-star
books.
3 Why does Miller hope the star
system still exists in public
libraries?
(a)
It is an efficient system which works
well.
(b)
It
discourages people from reading inappropriate
books.
(c)
It
makes people interested in reading.
(d)
It makes it
easier for people to recognize books.
4
Why do people lend books, in Miller
(a)
Because they
feel the need to share their feelings.
(b)
It
’
s the best
way to make a friend.
(c)
It
’
s less risky
than lending money.
(d) Because
it
’
s not
possible to possess a book for ever.
’
s opinion?
’
s youth
5 According to Miller, what
should you do when you find a book you want to
read?
(a)
Pick it up and start reading.
(b)
Ask a friend
for advice about the book.
(c)
Think about
whether you really need to read it.
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(d) Only read it if it is
original.
6 What does Miller
especially admire about Blaise
Cendrars?
(a)
He had a very adventurous life.
(b)
He was a
great writer.
(c)
He knew what to do with his time.
(d)
He read as
well as wrote a lot.
Dealing with
unfamiliar words
3 Match the
words in the box with their
definitions.
1 the quality
of being new, interesting, and different from
anything that anyone has created
before
(originality)
2
the process of putting people or things into
particular groups according to the
features
they
have
(classification)
3 to make an organized and determined
attempt to deal with a problem
4 to make something better or more
enjoyable
(enrich)
(obstacle)
(tackle)
5 a
difficulty or problem that prevents you from
achieving something
6 to
sink under water and die
7
not being used
(idle)
(drown)
8 a
suggestion that someone or something is especially
suitable or useful for a particular
situation
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..
(recommendation)
9 to make a lot of effort to achieve
something
(strive)
4
Complete the conversation with the correct form of
the words in Activity 3.
A
Professor Ridgeway, you
’
ve just written a
biography of the poet Shelley,who (1)
drowned
off the coast of
Italy in 1822 in a sailing accident. As you remind
us in the
introduction,
people
’
s lives
have(2) beenenriched
by
poetry for thousands of years. What
(3) recommendation
could you make to a young poet who is
just beginning their career?
B
That they should always
(4)
strive to be themselves,
and not to worry about (5)
originality
.
Once they
’
foundve their own voice, it
will be original in its own way, because everyone
is
unique.
A
So you don
’
t believe in the
(6)classifications
which
label poets as
“
romantic
“
modernist
”
andon?so
B
I do, but they have limited
value.
A
What do
you think is the main (7)
obstacle
facing
young poets today?
B
I think it is to accept that you cannot
be productive all the time. A poet
nd is never
(8)
idle and waiting for the right moment is part of
the creative process. All other
problems
are relative, and
can be (9)
tackled
when you get to them.
5 Replace the underlined words with the
correct form of the following words. You
may
need to make other
changes.
1 I felt depressed
and lacking in confidence after reading his
criticism of my novel.
(demoralized)
专业
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可编辑
.
”
or
..
..
..
2 Henry
Miller
(autobiographical)
Henry Miller
The<
/p>
’
Books
in My
Life
is about, as the name
suggests, the story of his life.
The
’
Books
in My Life
is, as the name suggests,
autobiographical.
3
Shakespeare had an extraordinary talent as a
writer, which is without comparison in
the
history of
English literature.
(prodigious; unparalleled)
(enlightenment)
4
Some people look to a book for pleasure rather
than for understanding.
5
The experiment in banning alcohol drinks in the
United States actually led to an
increase
in
crime.
(prohibiting)
6
I
’
m not sure if
it is to their advantage for readers to read this
review before they start the
book.
(advantageous)
7
Miller
Tropic
’
s
of Cancer
was, without
doubt, one of the most infamous novels of the
20th
century.
(indubitably)
6
Answer the
questions about the words and
expressions.
1
If someone
makes
a confession
, do they tell you
something
which
(a)
personal and secret
, or
(b)
everyone knows?
2
If
someone
dislike
it?
whets your appetite
for
something, do they make you
(a) desire for it
, or (b)
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..
..
..
3
If you
wade through
ignore them?
4
If you have
to
piles of documents, do
you
(a) read or deal with
them
, or (b)
just
forego
something,
do you (a) finish it quickly, or
business acumen
(a) good at
business
(b) do without
it
?
5
Is someone who
has
skills?
, or (b) without any
business
6
Is a
repetitive
job
one in which you do (a) different things,
or
7
If you do something
where no one
can
see you do it?
(b) the same
thing every day ?
, or
(b)
on the side
, do you do
it
(a) in addition to a
regular activity
Reading and interpreting
7 Answer the questions.
1 What is the first struggle that he
has with books?
Miller
first
’
sstruggle
is to obtain books and get his hands on
them.
2 Why is it difficult
to lay hands on them?
The
books are not in the public library because
someone has already borrowed them and
Miller doesn
have
’t
the money
to buy them.
3 What sort of
books are prohibited for a young man?
Books which are considered to be
immoral for a young person to read.
4 What is the best way to be introduced
to a book?
Through the
passionate recommendation of someone who has read
the book.
5 What is an
unused book lying on a shelf compared
with?
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可编辑
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..
..
..
It is compared with wasted ammunition.
This means that it is useless. It is also compared
to
money
because it should be in
circulation.
6 Why does
Miller suggest resisting your impulses and not
opening a book as soon as you
get it?
He says
you should think intensely about the title,
author, and likely contents, imagining
what you
would
have written yourself about it. Then you may
decide you don
you do
read
it, you will read it
with more interest and acumen.
’
t
need to read
Language in
use
word formation:
-ous
1 Write the adjectives
which describe:
1 a writer
who has achieved fame
2
readers who show curiosity
3
someone who feels envy
(famous)
(curious)
(envious)
(mountainous)
4 a region which is full of
mountains
5 a parcel which
has a very large volume
(voluminous)
infinitive / gerund as the subject of a
sentence
2 Complete the
sentences using infinitive or gerund as the
subject. Usually both forms
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.
..
..
..
are possible, but you should be able to
justify your choice.
1
Getting
up
early in the morning
gives me more time to organize the day.
(To express an everyday
activity)
2
To write a best-seller
has always been my dream.
(This is a bit more
abstract or a far-away grand idea)
3
Forgetting
to take back a library book may not
seem serious, but it causes problems
for
other
students.
(To express a normal activity for many
people)
4
To spend
a lot of
time reading in one
(Use the
more abstract form for an important
idea)
5
To be or not to be
, that is the question.
’
s childhood
can bring rewards later in life.
(In Shakespeare this can be interpreted
as a grand idea, so he uses the formal way; if you
say,
‘
Being
ornot being
situation is not
normal)
such is /
are
?
’
is may be more immediate
and seems normal
but in
Hamlet the
–
3
Rewrite the s
entences using such is / are
?
1
Good writing is
so powerful that the reader thinks the writer is
speaking directly to them.
The reader thinks the writer is
speaking directly to them. Such is the power of
good writing.
2
The novel
Salmon Fishing in
the Yemen
a
moment.
You can
the novel.
’
t put Salmon
Fishing in the Yemen down even for a moment. Such
is the charm of
is so
charming that you can
’
t put it down even
for
专业
word
可编辑
.
..
..
..
3 Travel is
such a pleasure that you may end up living in
another country.
You may end
up living in another country. Such is the pleasure
of travel.
4 The sense of
confusion in this film is so great that you may
feel you want to leave before
the end.
You may
feel you want to leave before the end. Such is the
sense of confusion in this film.
5 The difficulties of translation are
so enormous that much of the meaning is
lost.
Much of the meaning is
lost. Such is the enormity of the difficulties of
translation.
if / whether it
be
?
4
Rewrite the sentences using if /
whether it be
?
1
Is it the right
time to start this kind of project? Ask yourself
carefully.
Ask
yourself carefully whether it be the right time to
start this kind of project.
2
Is it the first
edition of Dr Johnson
’
s Dictionary? I very much
doubt it.
I very much doubt if this be
the first e
dition of Dr
Johnson
’
s
Dictionary.
3
Is it common knowledge that Arthur
Miller thought like this? I
I am not sure if it be common knowledge
that Arthur Miller thought like this.
4
Is
it necessary to produce any documents when making
an application? Perhaps we
should inquire.
Perhaps we should inquire whether it be
necessary to produce any documents when
making
an
application.
5 Is
it the right way to tackle the problem? I doubt
it.
I doubt if it be the
right way to tackle the problem.
专业
word
可编辑
.
m not sure.
’
..
..
..
collocations
5
Read the explanations of the words. Answer the
questions.
1 confront
This word usually means to deal with a
difficult situation.
(a)
Which are the most important
This could be a long list! I
weather
problems
we have
to
confront
in today
’
s world?
l
’
warming,dsay:globapollution, water
shortages, extreme
conditions, local military conflicts,
poverty, famine and hunger, unemployment, to
name
only a few.
(b)
Were
you
confronted by
anyone asking for something on your way
to class today?
Not today,
but a few days ago I was confronted by someone
asking for money
didn
’
t like
at
all.
(c) What
’
s the biggest crisis
you
confronted
’
veever
with
been
?
–
which
I
The problem that my
grandfather is elderly and has
Alzheimer
care
because he forgets ordinary things. It
is difficult for my parents and for me because we
all
take turns
to look after him. I realized what this
was really like when I had to look after him for
a
weekend
when my parents were away, but I
discovered I have a lot more patience now. So
perhaps
this
crisis
’
s
disease: He needs c
专业
word
可编辑
.
..
..
..
has helped us to develop some good
qualities, although it is actually a very
difficult time for
all
of
us.
2 idle
This
word usually means not being used, lazy, or
without any real reason or purpose.
(a) If someone is
They don
doing.
(b) If
machinery is
idle
by nature, what don
’
t they like
doing?
’
t like
doing work or other things that they should do but
which they don
idle
, what isn
’
t it doing?
The
machinery is not being used.
(c)
If someone
picks up a book out of
idle
curiosity
, do they have a strong
motivation to read it?
Not
really, they just have a slight curiosity to see
what the book is, but they have no
real
interest.
(d) If someone
makes you an
No, you
don
idle threat
,
do you take it seriously?
’
t because youknow that the
threat has no real purpose.
3 tackle
This word usually
means to challenge someone or something, or to
make an
attempt to deal
with
a problem.
(a) What are the main
issues
the government needs
to
tackle
in the
near future?
Well. I suppose
there are several issues which need to be tackled,
including rising prices and
employment in some places, or some
social problems in a few areas.
(b) How do you
tackle someone about
their ideas and opinions?
专业
word
可编辑
.
..
..
..
I am inclined to be direct and simply
ask them about their opinions and ideas. I think
they
will tell
me honestly if they believe I am really
interested in what they think.
(c) If you
tackle
someone
in a game of
football, what have you managed to do?
You have managed to get the ball away
from them so that your team can keep the ball
for
a
moment.
4
withstand
by something,
or to be able to deal with a difficult
situation.
(a) What sort of
defences can
This word
usually means to be strong enough not to be harmed
or destroyed
withstand a
direct attack
?
To withstand a direct attack you need
strong defences which are well placed.
(b) What sort of clothes allow you
to
withstand the
cold
in winter?
To withstand the cold in winter, you
need thick, warm clothes.
(c) Can you
withstand the pressure
course?
Yes, I
can. Actually, our teachers generally give us our
assignments at intervals and we
usually know
well
in advance what we should. So as long as you get
on with the work (and don
until the
last
minute!) the pressure is not too bad and we can
manage.
6 Translate the
paragraph into Chinese.
of
having to produce regular assignments on
your
专业
word
可编辑
.
..
..
..
Indubitably the vast majority of books
overlap one another. Few indeed are those
which
give the
impression of originality, either in
style or in content. Rare are the unique
books
–
less
than
50,
perhaps, out of the whole storehouse of
literature. In one of his recent
autobiographical
novels, Blaise
Cendrars
points out that
R
é
my de
Gourmont, because of his knowledge and
awareness of this
repetitive quality in books, was able to select
and read all that is
worthwhile in the entire
realm of literature. Cendrars himself
–
who would suspect
it?
–
is a
prodigious reader. He reads
most authors in their original tongue. Not only
that, but when
he likes an author he reads every last
book the man has written, as well as his letters
and all
the books that have been written about
him. In our day his case is almost unparalleled,
I
imagine. For, not only has he read
widely and deeply, but he has himself written a
great
many books. All on the side, as it
were. For, if he is anything, Cendrars, he is a
man of action,
an adventurer and explorer,a man who
has known how to
“
waste
”
his time royally. He is,
in
a sense, the Julius Caesar of
literature.
（几处倒装句应灵活处理
，以体现原文语气
。
every last book the man
has written
等于
all
the books he
has written
。
注意这段话的逻辑关系
。
If he is anything, he is a
man of
一句
中的
if
从句起强调作
用，说明他不是一个书生或思想家
，而是一个行动家
。此处需灵活翻
译。）
不容置疑的是
，大多数书都互相重复
，在文体或内容上让人感到具有独创性的书实在是少之又
少。在整个文学库藏中
，或许只有极少数作品
——
不到
50
本
——
是独具一格的
。在最近出版
的一部自传体小说中
，布莱斯
·桑德拉尔指出
，雷米
·德
·古尔蒙之所以能够选择并通读文学领域
中一切值得读的书籍
，就是因为他知识渊博
，了解书的这种重复性
。
没有人会怀疑桑德拉尔本
专业
word
可编辑
.
?
..
..
..
人就是一个博览群书的人
，他阅读了大部分独具个性的作家的作品
一个作家
，就会阅读这个人写的每一本书
。不仅如此
，一旦他喜欢上
。我猜想
，在
，包括他的书信以及所有有关他的书籍
当今世上
，像他这样的情况是绝无仅有的
，他不仅读得广
，读得深
，而且本人还著述颇丰
。这
一切似乎都是在业余时间完成的
。因为从本质上讲
，他是一个十足的行动家
，一个四处跋涉的
，他是文学届的凯撒大
冒险家和探险家
，一个懂得如何大量
“浪费
”时间的人
。从某种意义上说
帝。
7 Translate the paragraphs into
English.
1
张磊是在毕业工作后才开始意识到读书的乐趣的
。反思自己的大学教育时
，他感慨不已
：他
，而他却只读了一些教科书
，其中
的一些同学都沉浸于从图书馆或书店找到的各种有趣的书籍
连一本真正能让他爱不释手
、值得一读的书都没有
。他可以说是被剥夺了通过书了解作家奇妙
世界的特权
。
It was not until after he had graduated
from university and started to work that Zhang
Lei
became aware of the
pleasure of reading. Reflecting on his
undergraduate studies, he
lamented that he, unlike his classmates
who had immersed themselves in various
interesting
books they were
able to lay hands on from the library or bookshop,
had only read textbooks,
none of which was really worthwhile, or
could be read in one sitting. He was deprived of
the
privilege of gaining
access to the writers
have
opened, so to speak.
2
如今
，他嗜书如命
，废寝忘食
，好像要把大学期间没机会读的好书全都读一遍
他已经利用业余时间读了几百本小说
。到目前为止
through
’
fan
t
heas
ticwindowworlds their books
、传记和游记
。
他意识到书不仅能向他展示一个充满希望
，而且能够帮他澄清一些误解
，找到生活的真谛
。
的前景
，帮他消除现实生活中的压力和疲劳
(reflect on; in one sitting; lay hands
on; immerse in; worthwhile; privilege; withstand;
vista)
专业
word
可编辑
.
..
..
..
Now he has become an avid and
omnivorous reader. It is as if he wants to make up
for those
marvelous
books he hadn
’
t had a chance to read in his
university days. By now, in his spare
time, he has read several hundreds of
books, including novels, biographies and travel
notes.
He realizes that
books can not only reveal to him the vista of a
hopeful future and help him
withstand stresses and strains, they
can also help him clear up some misconceptions
and
discover the true
meaning of life.
Translation
of the passages
Active
reading (1)
危险
！书可能会改变你的人生
刘易斯
·卡罗尔书中的爱丽丝不小心掉到兔子洞里
，在那里发现了一个神奇的仙
。我们能从一个年长人
境。当我们打开一本书时
，我们也会像爱丽丝那样走进一个全新的世界
的角度
，或通过一个孩子的眼睛来观察生活
；我们可以周游世界
，遍访现实生活中从没想过要
，这些事情有时令人不安
，也许引人入
，但无论如何都至少能把我们从现实世界中解放出
访问的国家和文化
；我们可以体验未曾经历过的事情
胜；可能是不愉快的也可能是令人痛苦的
来。
英国诗人威廉
·考珀（
1731
–
1800
）说，“变化是生活的调味品
，它让生活变得有滋有
味。”虽然他没有说在什么地方以及怎样才能找到变化
，但我们知道他说得对
。我们知道我们
，人们过日子的方式
生活在一个充满变化与差异的世界里
，我们知道人们的生活方式各不相同
不同
，做不同工作
，有不同信仰
，持不同观点
，有不同的风俗习惯
，操不同语言
。
通常，我们
，这种变化或差异与
不知道这些差异的大小
，但一旦发生了不平常的事情并引起了我们的注意
其说是机会
，毋宁说是威胁
。
读书让我们能够安全地享受和庆贺这种变化与差异
，为我们提供成长的机会
。在家里安
专业
word
可编辑
.
亚历山大
..
..
..
详平和的环境中与他人的生活互动
，这是阅读小说才享有的特权
。我们甚至感觉到
——
哪怕只
是在那一瞬间
——
我们和异文化读者的共同点要多
于我们和家门口随便碰到的一个人的共同
点。我们学会把目光移出我们周围的环境
，投向天边
，去领略一下异域山水
。
如果我们怀疑读书是否能给我们力量的话
，我们就应该麻烦自己去一趟当地的图书馆或书
店，或者
，如果我们足够幸运的话
，从家里的书架上取一本书来读一读
。我们会惊奇于古今小
说的标题所创造出来的壮观景象
：约翰
·斯坦贝克的
《愤怒的葡萄
》、约翰
·欧文的
《第四只手
》、
《癌症病房
》、厄内斯特
·海明威的
《丧钟为谁而鸣
》、格雷厄姆
·格林的
《哈瓦那特派员
》、奥黛丽
·尼芬格的
《时间旅行者的妻子
》、保罗
迪的
《到也门钓鲑鱼
》。一旦
开始阅读
，我们就必须思考我们在书中读到的别样人生
。
每一本书都有自己的语言
、方言
、词汇和语法
。
我们不见得总能理解其中的每一个字
、
句，但不管我们是痴迷其中
，还是觉得被排除在外
，我们的情感被调动起来了
。尽管在地理上
有一定的距离
，但其他民族
、其他文化未必就离我们那么遥远
。在书里我们可能遇见生活在不
同气候
、有不同信仰
、来自不同民族的人
。
即便是住在同一条街上的邻居
，我们都有可能只在
书上相识
。
小时候
，在我们刚刚能听讲的时候
，书对我们的生活方式就产生了很大的影响
。从父母给
孩子读的睡前故事一直到成年后家中摆满书柜的客厅
，书界定了我们的人生
。
英国作家
E. M.
福斯特
（
1879
–
1970
）暗示书对我们具有另一种更加神秘的支配力
。他写道
：“我认为能影响
我们的书籍是那些我们已经准备要读的书
，它们只是在我们已经选定的道路上走得比我们更远
一些而已
。” 合适的书好像自己就会在恰当的时候找到我们
，出现在我们面前
，而不是我们去
寻找那本书
。
美国修士
、牧师及作家托马斯
·默顿
（
1915
–
1968
）曾经被记者一连串地问了
7
个问题：
说出你
专业
word
可编辑
.
·索尔仁尼琴的
·托
..
..
..
最近读完的
3
本书
；你正在读的
3
本书；你打算要读的书
；对你有影响的书
，并解释为什么
；
，他列出了
《威廉
·布莱克诗集
》、
一本每人都要读的书
，并解释为什么
。关于对他有影响的书
古希腊思想家和作家写的各种戏剧以及一些宗教作品
。当被问及这些书为何会影响他时
，他回
答说
：“这些书
——
还有其他类似的书籍
——
帮助我找到了人生的真谛
，它们把我从生活的困
，而那种生活就深陷其
惑和空虚中解脱出来
。销售就是一切的文化培育了人的需求和被动
中。”
__
那么
，你又会如何回答这些问题呢
？
1947
年，克里夫顿
·费迪曼发明了
“全垒打书籍
”这个词
。
当一个棒球手打出一个全垒打
时，
因为击球有力
、打得远
，他有时间跑完整个棒球场内的四个垒
，不仅自己得分
，而且帮其他各
个垒的跑垒者得分
，这是棒球赛里最有趣和最开心的事情
。同样
，一本
“全垒打书籍
”指的不是
儿童的第一次读书的经历
，而是指他
们第一次读到一本能给他们带来极大的愉悦和满足感的
书、痴迷到手不释卷的经历
。对世界上数以亿计的儿童来说
，“全垒打书籍
”的最典型的例子就
是《哈利波特
》系列小说
。
作为成年人
，我们总在寻找自己的
“全垒打书籍
”，不是第一次
，而是一次又一次地寻找
。
所有一口气读完一本小说的人都会记得那种令人期待的愉悦和
满足感
，并会焦急
、固执
、有时
、经历
甚至疯狂地寻求重复体验这种感觉
。我们想周游另一世界
、会见不同国家不同民族的人
。
别样人生并自我反省
，我们无法遏制这样的渴求
危险
！书可能会改变你的人生
。这就是读书的力量
。
Active reading (2)
它们是活生生的
，它们在跟我说话
我坐在一间小屋子里
，屋子的一面摆满了书
。这是我头一次有闲功夫和一堆书这样的东西
专业
word
可编辑
.
..
..
..
打交道
。
所有的书加起来最多不超过
500
本，但大多数是我自己挑的
以来
，我这是第一次坐拥我一直渴望拥有的这么多书籍
靠图书馆
，我把这看成是优点
，而不是缺点
。
。自打我开始写作生涯
。事实上
，我过去的大多数工作都不依
与读书产生联想的头一件事就是我为获取图书展开的斗争
要把它们搞到手
。
一旦对书产生了激情
，我就要面对重重困难
被借出去了
，当然
，我又总是没钱买书
借阅类似斯特林堡写的
。请注意
，不是拥有它们
，而是
。公共图书馆里我要借的书总是
。我那时只有十八
、九岁
，要想得到社区图书馆的批准
《痴人的忏悔
》这样的
“不道德
”的书是不可能的
。在那个年代
，年轻人禁
—一颗星、两颗星、三颗星
。我猜想，
读的书都根据官方认定的违背道德的程度被贴上了星星
这种做法至今依然存在
禁止更能吊起读者的胃口
。我也希望如此
，因为我知道
，没有任何别的方法比这种愚蠢的分类和
。
是什么让一本书有了生命力
？这个问题经常从我脑子里冒出来
书之所以有生命力
，是因为读者满怀激情地推荐它
管愤世嫉俗者和人类厌恶者持何种观点
书是人类最为珍爱的几样东西之一
！我觉得答案很简单
：一本
。这是人的基本冲动
，什么都阻挡不了
。不
。
，我相信人们总是会尽力分享自己感触最深的经验
。人越好
，就越愿意与他人分享自己的珍藏
。躺在书架
上无人翻阅的书就像是废弃的弹药
。书和钱一样要流通起来
，要最大限度地借书
、借钱
！尤其
。书不仅是朋友
，它还可以帮你交朋友
。当你在
，你
要多借书
，因为书所代表的东西比钱要多得多
精神上
、心灵上拥有一本书的时候
，你的人生就变得丰富多彩
。当你把书传给别人的时候
的人生就倍加丰富
。
说到这里
，有一种抑制不住的冲动让我向大家提出一条无偿的忠告
。那就是
：尽量读得少
。我私下里也确实想尽力
而精
，不是越多越好
！哎，我也着实羡慕那些在书堆里埋头读书的人
读完所有内心里一直想读的书
。但是
，我知道这并不重要
，我知道我读过的书中只有不到十分
、对自己的康乐
之一是我需要读的
。人生中最难办到的事情莫过于学会只做有益于自己的康乐
专业
word
可编辑
.
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