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美国针灸师执照考试(—)
辽宁中医药大学
(110032)
朱
爱
松
摘要
:自
1
971
年
7
月《纽约时报》的著名记者
詹姆斯(
James Reston
)来华访问
发表了“北京之行”报道;
1972
年美国总统尼克松
首次访华后所掀起的“针灸
热”
,
将神
奇的中医带到了美国。
经过
35
年的进
一步交流,
中医在美国由早期的
普及、市场的需求,慢慢向主流
化、规范化发展。目前美国的
50
个州中大部分
州已先后通过了针灸立法,
并将其列入医疗保险报销范围。
笔者在长期从事留学
生教育过程中,将所了解到的美国针灸师考试作以总结。
主题词
:美国;针灸;执照考试
p>
美国针灸师执照考试有两种。
一种是国家针灸师资格考试委员会举办
的针灸
师考试
(NCCAOM)
;另一
种是加州针灸执照考试(
CA
)
。
p>
现主要介绍美国国家针灸师资格考试委员会举办的针灸师考试
(NCCAOM:
The National
Certification Commission for Acupuncture and
Oriental Medicine)
。
< br>NCCAOM
考试合格证书是专业水平证书。
持有
NCCAOM
考试合格证书者,
要想取得行医
权利,
必须向所在州政府卫生局及执照颁发管理局提出申请,
取
得
针灸执照后,方可注册行医。
NCCAOM
< br>每年进行
3
次(
2
月、
6
月、
10
月)针
灸师资格认定考试。美国目前
50
个州中除了
ALABAMA
、
< br>CALIFORNIA
、
GEORGIA
、
IDAHO
、
KANSAS
、
KENTUCKY
、
MISSISSIPPI
、
NEBRASKA
、
NEV
ADA
、
p>
NORTH
DAKOTA
、
OHIL
、
OKLAHOMA
、
SOUTH
DAKOTA
、
p>
TENNESSEE
、
WYOMING
p>
等州外均承认
NCCAOM
的考试,并作为
申请各州针
灸师执照的必备条件之一。
目前在世界各地有
13
,
000
余人拥
有
NCCAOM
资格
证书。
NCCAOM
针灸考试始于
1985
年,
分为理论考试
(
p>
7
个小时)
和穴位定位
(
一
个小时
)
两部分。
前者要完成
265
道选择
题,
内容为中医基础理论
(
Found
ations of
Oriental Medicine
)
、针灸(
Acupuncture Module
)
、生物医学(
Biomedicine
)
;后
者要在纸质彩色图谱上进行点穴
25
个。
要申请参加美
国
NCCAOM
针灸考试,
首先要具备
参加
NCCAOM
针灸考试
的资格。凡
参加考试者必须接受过正规针灸教育。如正规全日制中医学院毕业,
授课学时不少于
p>
1725
小时,
至少已完成
1065
小时的中医理论教育和
660
小时的
临床实习,
完成学业、
获得毕业证书者;
正规全日制中医学院在校生要完成授课
学时不
少于
1450
小时,
至少已完成
1100
小时的中医理论教育和
350
小时的临床
实习者也可申请考试。
中国教育部
下属正规中医学院的本科毕业生以及美国全国
针灸及中医院校资格鉴定委员会承认的
p>
30
所中医学院的毕业生,均可按此项规
定
获得考试资格。从
2001
年开始,接受正规针灸教育已成为美
国唯一可获得针
灸考试资格的途径。
学徒:由各州认可的中医教授带徒,理论和实践课学时总计不
少于
4000
小
时,总时间至少
3
年,不超过
6
年。
在此学徒期间,每年至少诊治
100
名不同的
< br>病人,诊治次数至少
500
次以上。
专业针灸实践:
每年至少要诊治
100
个不同的病人,
做过至少
500
次的针灸
治疗,至少要有
4
年的记录并提供证明。
若以上
3
项单项均不合要求,还可以
3
项综
合,总计综合分达
40
分以上即
可。<
/p>
考试可以任选英文、中文、韩文进行。若用非英文进行考试,尚
需考托福,
托福要求
550
分以上。<
/p>
近年来,
不断有些州相继要求只有用英文进行考试者方可
申请执照。
附
NCC
AOM
针灸考试样题,仅供参考:
1.
A
bedridden
patient
presents
with
flushed
cheeks,
pale
lips,
minor
restlessness
and thirst for
hot drinks. Because you suspect a case of true
Cold and false Heat,
you expect the
pulse to be
a. rapid and weak
b. slow and weak
c. bowstring and
rapid d. strong and flooding
2.
Lingering
headache
with
an
empty
sensation
in
the
head,
accompanied
by
paroxysmal
darkness before
the eyes and blurred vision, is due to
a.
upward
disturbance
of
phlegm b.
invasion
of
exogenous
pathogenic
factors
c. insufficiency
of Qi and blood, and loss of Yin essence d.
stagnation of
blood
3.
The
meeting
point
of
the
Lung
Divergent
Channel
with
the
Large
Intestine
Channel
is
a. Jianyu(LI 15)
b. Neck-Futu(LI18)
c. Hegu(LI 4)
d. Yingxiang(L120)
4.
A
patient
complains
of
headaches,
dizziness,
palpitations,
frequent
dreams,
and
inability to sleep at
night. The patient is very forgetful and
irritable, and has
a flushed face. The
pulse is deep, thread and rapid. In this case, the
correct
diagnosis is
a.
Heart
Fire
flaring
upward b.
Phlegm
(Tan)
blocking
Heart
orifices
c. deficiency of
Heart Yin d. deficiency of Heart Yang
5. For this patient, the most
appropriate needle treatment would use points
a.
Hand-Zhongzhu(SJ
3)(TH
3)
and
Laogong(P
8)
b.
Shenmen(Ht
7)
and
Juque(Ren
14)(CV
14)
c.
Taichong(Liv
3)
and
Jiaoxin(K
8)
d.
Guanyuan(Ren
4)(CV
4)
and
Qihai(Ren
6)(CV
6)
6. The best point to stop
bleeding in the lung due to Heat would be
a. Kongzui(Lu 6)
b. Shousanli(LI 1 O)
c. Quchi(LI 11)
d. Zhouhai(K 6)
7. Which of the
following points is on the transverse crease of
the wrist in the
articular region
between the pisiform bone and the ulna, in the
depression on the
radial side of the
tendon of m. flexor carpi ulnaris
a. Yinxi(H 6) b. Daling(P 7)
c. Shenmen(H 7)
d. Houxi(SI 3)
8.
A
male
patient
in
his
early
30s
comes
to
you
complaining
of
a
chronic
mild
a
chiness
and
weakness
of
the
lumbar
region
and
bothers
knees.
His
pulse
is
sinking,
his
general
appearance is pale,
and he complains of general fatigue. Bed rest is
the only way
that he can ease the
backache, which always grows worse after exertion.
He tends
to need more sleep than the
average person. This condition is characteristic
of
a.
Phlegm
accumulation
in
lower
heater b.
Trauma
to
the
lower
back
region
c. Pathogenic Wind, Cold and
Dampness in the channels d. Xu(deficiency) of
Kidney Qi
9. Your treatment
principle for this case would be
a. Stimulate dispersal of
phlegm by promoting excretion b. Disperse the
pathogenic Factors and build Wei Qi
c. Notify Kidney Qi d. Promote flow of
Qi and Blood to speed healing
10.
Which
of
the
following
combinations
of
points
would
you
select
for
this
disorder?
a. Shenshu(UB
23), Mingmen(Du 4), Taixi(K 3)
b.
Renzhong(Du 26), Weizhong(UB 40), Yaoyangguan(Du
8), Shenshu(UB 23)
c. Dachangshu(UB
25), Kunlun(UB 60), Tainshu(St 25)
d. Pishu(UB 20), Sanyinjiao(Sp 6), Zusanli(St 36)
11. A 30-year-old female patient
complains of
having a stiff
neck
and stiffness in
the
shoulders.
If
you
wish
to
use
confluent
points
of
the
eight
extra
channels
which
of
the following would be correct to use
a. Lieque(Lu 7), Zhaohai(K 6) b. Neguan(P
6), Gongsun(Sp 6)
c. Foot-Linqi(GB
41), Zusanli(St 36) d. Houxi(SI 3), Shenmai(UB
62)
12.
A
patient
complains
of
a
persistent
dry
cough
with
difficult
expectoration,
night
sweats, and recurring
low fever in the afternoon. Your tentative
diagnosis is
deficiency of lung Yin.
What further signs would you look for to confirm
your
diagnosis?
a.
Frothy white sputum; slippery pulse; thick tongue
fur
b. Rapid thread pulse; flushing
of jaw or cheeks; dry lips and mouth
c.
Shortness
of
breath;
red
tongue
with
grayish-yellow
fur;
fever
and
chills
d. Cold limbs; spontaneous
perspiration; pale tongue and complexion
13.
The
symptoms
of
abdominal
distention,
edema,
deafness,
pain
in
the
outer
cantus,
swelling
of
the
cheeks,
and
congested
and
sore
throat
are
indicative
of
dysfunction
of which of the
following channels
Shao
Yang Tai Yin
c. Hand Shao Yang d. Hand
Yang Ming
14. A male patient is treated
for symptoms associated with the Taiyang stage.
The
next
day,
he
complains
of
fever
perspiration,
and
a
fear
of
heat.
In
this
case,
the
disease has most likely progressed from
the Taiyang stage to the
a. Taiyin
stage b. Shaoyang stage
c. Shaoyin stage
d. Yangming stage
15.
Several
bilateral
penetrating
pain,
especially
in
the
nape
and
occipital
area,
may
be
accompanied
by
dizziness,
irritability,
a
suffocating
feeling
in
the
chest,
a bitter taste in the
mouth, and a sticky tongue such cases, the most
effective points would be
a. Baihui(Du 20)(GV 20), Houxi(SI 3), Zhiyin(UB
67), Taichong(Liv 3)
b. Fengchi(GB
20), Kunlun(UB 60), Houxi(Sl 3)
c.
Touwei(St
8),
Yintang(Extra),
Shangxing(Du
23)(GV 23),
Hegu(Ll
4),
Neiting(St 44)
d.
Taiyang(Extra),
Shuaigu(GB
8),
Waiguan(SJ
5)(TH
5),
Foot-Linqui(GB
41)
16.
A
male
patient
complains
of
feeling
cold,
but
he
refuses
covers.
He
also
complains
of feeling
thirsty, but he likes only cold drinks. He also
has dark yellow urine
and constipation.
These physical findings are indicative of
a. Alternating Cold and Heat
b. True Cold/Illusionary Heat
c.
True Heat/Illusionary Cold d.
Separation of Yin and Yang
17.
A
patient
presents
with
insomnia,
dream-disturbed
sleep,
red
tongue
and
palpitations. In this
case, you would expect which of the following
pulses
a. Thready
b. Rapid and wiry
c. Full and rapid
d. Constrained
18. A patient presents
with the following symptoms: Chills, cold limbs,
sallow
complexion,
and
absence
of thirst,
listlessness, lassitude, spontaneous
sweating,
loose
stools,
and
clear
urine
in
large
amount,
deep
slow
weak
pulse,
and
pale
tongue
with white coating.
What type of syndrome do these symptoms indicate?
a. Cold syndrome of Shi (excess)
type b. Interior cold syndrome
c.
Exterior
cold
syndrome d.
Cold
syndrome
of
the
Xu(deficiency)
type
19.
In
acute
epigastric
pain
or
stomachache,
which
one
of
the
following
is
the
best
choice
for acupuncture treatment?
a.
Zusanli(St
36),
Liangqiu(St
34),
Gongsun(Sp
4),
Zhongwan(Ren
12)(CV
12)
b. Zusanli(St 36),
Shangqiu(Sp 5), Fenglong(St 40), Juque(Ren 14)(CV
14)
c. Zusanli(St 36), Zhangmen(Liv
13), Tianshu(St 25), Shangjuxu(St 37) ~
d. Zusanli(St 36), Pishu(UB 20),
Shenshu(UB 23), TaixiO( 3)
20.
According
to
the
theory
of
Yuan
(Source)
points
and
Luo(Connecting)
points,
the
points used for treatment of a
deficiency of Spleen Yang are
a.
Taibai(Sp
3),
Shangqiu(Sp
5) b.
Taibai(Sp
3),
Chongyang(St
42)
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