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美国针灸师执照考试(—)

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2021-02-10 13:05
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2021年2月10日发(作者:电石炉)


美国针灸师执照考试(—)



辽宁中医药大学



(110032)







































摘要


:自


1 971



7


月《纽约时报》的著名记者 詹姆斯(


James Reston


)来华访问


发表了“北京之行”报道;


1972


年美国总统尼克松 首次访华后所掀起的“针灸


热”



将神 奇的中医带到了美国。


经过


35


年的进 一步交流,


中医在美国由早期的


普及、市场的需求,慢慢向主流 化、规范化发展。目前美国的


50


个州中大部分


州已先后通过了针灸立法,


并将其列入医疗保险报销范围。

笔者在长期从事留学


生教育过程中,将所了解到的美国针灸师考试作以总结。



主题词


:美国;针灸;执照考试



美国针灸师执照考试有两种。


一种是国家针灸师资格考试委员会举办 的针灸


师考试


(NCCAOM)


;另一 种是加州针灸执照考试(


CA





现主要介绍美国国家针灸师资格考试委员会举办的针灸师考试



(NCCAOM:


The National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine)



< br>NCCAOM


考试合格证书是专业水平证书。


持有


NCCAOM


考试合格证书者,


要想取得行医 权利,


必须向所在州政府卫生局及执照颁发管理局提出申请,


取 得


针灸执照后,方可注册行医。


NCCAOM

< br>每年进行


3


次(


2


月、


6


月、


10

< p>
月)针


灸师资格认定考试。美国目前


50


个州中除了


ALABAMA


< br>CALIFORNIA



GEORGIA



IDAHO



KANSAS



KENTUCKY



MISSISSIPPI



NEBRASKA



NEV


ADA



NORTH


DAKOTA



OHIL



OKLAHOMA



SOUTH


DAKOTA



TENNESSEE



WYOMING


等州外均承认


NCCAOM


的考试,并作为 申请各州针


灸师执照的必备条件之一。


目前在世界各地有


13



000


余人拥 有


NCCAOM


资格


证书。

< p>


NCCAOM


针灸考试始于

1985


年,


分为理论考试



7


个小时)


和穴位定位

(



个小时


)

两部分。


前者要完成


265


道选择 题,


内容为中医基础理论



Found ations of


Oriental Medicine



、针灸(


Acupuncture Module



、生物医学(


Biomedicine

< p>


;后


者要在纸质彩色图谱上进行点穴

< p>
25


个。



要申请参加美 国


NCCAOM


针灸考试,


首先要具备 参加


NCCAOM


针灸考试


的资格。凡 参加考试者必须接受过正规针灸教育。如正规全日制中医学院毕业,


授课学时不少于


1725


小时,


至少已完成


1065


小时的中医理论教育和


660


小时的


临床实习,


完成学业、


获得毕业证书者;


正规全日制中医学院在校生要完成授课


学时不 少于


1450


小时,


至少已完成


1100


小时的中医理论教育和


350


小时的临床


实习者也可申请考试。


中国教育部 下属正规中医学院的本科毕业生以及美国全国


针灸及中医院校资格鉴定委员会承认的


30


所中医学院的毕业生,均可按此项规


定 获得考试资格。从


2001


年开始,接受正规针灸教育已成为美 国唯一可获得针


灸考试资格的途径。





学徒:由各州认可的中医教授带徒,理论和实践课学时总计不 少于


4000



时,总时间至少


3


年,不超过


6


年。 在此学徒期间,每年至少诊治


100


名不同的

< br>病人,诊治次数至少


500


次以上。




专业针灸实践:

< p>
每年至少要诊治


100


个不同的病人,

< p>
做过至少


500


次的针灸


治疗,至少要有


4


年的记录并提供证明。





若以上


3


项单项均不合要求,还可以


3


项综 合,总计综合分达


40


分以上即


可。< /p>



考试可以任选英文、中文、韩文进行。若用非英文进行考试,尚 需考托福,


托福要求


550


分以上。< /p>


近年来,


不断有些州相继要求只有用英文进行考试者方可


申请执照。




NCC AOM


针灸考试样题,仅供参考:



1.


A


bedridden


patient


presents


with


flushed


cheeks,


pale


lips,


minor


restlessness


and thirst for hot drinks. Because you suspect a case of true Cold and false Heat,


you expect the pulse to be


a. rapid and weak b. slow and weak


c. bowstring and rapid d. strong and flooding


2.


Lingering


headache


with


an


empty


sensation


in


the


head,


accompanied


by


paroxysmal


darkness before the eyes and blurred vision, is due to


a.


upward


disturbance


of


phlegm b.


invasion


of


exogenous


pathogenic


factors


c. insufficiency of Qi and blood, and loss of Yin essence d. stagnation of


blood


3.


The


meeting


point


of


the


Lung


Divergent


Channel


with


the


Large


Intestine


Channel


is


a. Jianyu(LI 15) b. Neck-Futu(LI18)


c. Hegu(LI 4) d. Yingxiang(L120)


4.


A


patient


complains


of


headaches,


dizziness,


palpitations,


frequent


dreams,


and


inability to sleep at night. The patient is very forgetful and irritable, and has


a flushed face. The pulse is deep, thread and rapid. In this case, the correct


diagnosis is


a.


Heart


Fire


flaring


upward b.


Phlegm


(Tan)


blocking


Heart


orifices


c. deficiency of Heart Yin d. deficiency of Heart Yang


5. For this patient, the most appropriate needle treatment would use points


a.


Hand-Zhongzhu(SJ


3)(TH


3)


and


Laogong(P


8)


b.


Shenmen(Ht


7)


and


Juque(Ren


14)(CV


14)


c.


Taichong(Liv


3)


and


Jiaoxin(K


8)


d.


Guanyuan(Ren


4)(CV


4)


and


Qihai(Ren


6)(CV


6)


6. The best point to stop bleeding in the lung due to Heat would be


a. Kongzui(Lu 6) b. Shousanli(LI 1 O)


c. Quchi(LI 11) d. Zhouhai(K 6)


7. Which of the following points is on the transverse crease of the wrist in the


articular region between the pisiform bone and the ulna, in the depression on the


radial side of the tendon of m. flexor carpi ulnaris


a. Yinxi(H 6) b. Daling(P 7)


c. Shenmen(H 7) d. Houxi(SI 3)


8.


A


male


patient


in


his


early


30s


comes


to


you


complaining


of


a


chronic


mild


a


chiness


and


weakness


of


the


lumbar


region


and


bothers


knees.


His


pulse


is


sinking,


his


general


appearance is pale, and he complains of general fatigue. Bed rest is the only way


that he can ease the backache, which always grows worse after exertion. He tends


to need more sleep than the average person. This condition is characteristic of


a.


Phlegm


accumulation


in


lower


heater b.


Trauma


to


the


lower


back


region


c. Pathogenic Wind, Cold and Dampness in the channels d. Xu(deficiency) of


Kidney Qi


9. Your treatment principle for this case would be




a. Stimulate dispersal of phlegm by promoting excretion b. Disperse the


pathogenic Factors and build Wei Qi c. Notify Kidney Qi d. Promote flow of


Qi and Blood to speed healing


10.


Which


of


the


following


combinations


of


points


would


you


select


for


this


disorder?


a. Shenshu(UB 23), Mingmen(Du 4), Taixi(K 3)


b. Renzhong(Du 26), Weizhong(UB 40), Yaoyangguan(Du 8), Shenshu(UB 23)


c. Dachangshu(UB 25), Kunlun(UB 60), Tainshu(St 25)


d. Pishu(UB 20), Sanyinjiao(Sp 6), Zusanli(St 36)


11. A 30-year-old female patient complains of


having a stiff


neck


and stiffness in


the


shoulders.


If


you


wish


to


use


confluent


points


of


the


eight


extra


channels


which


of the following would be correct to use


a. Lieque(Lu 7), Zhaohai(K 6) b. Neguan(P 6), Gongsun(Sp 6)


c. Foot-Linqi(GB 41), Zusanli(St 36) d. Houxi(SI 3), Shenmai(UB 62)


12.


A


patient


complains


of


a


persistent


dry


cough


with


difficult


expectoration,


night


sweats, and recurring low fever in the afternoon. Your tentative diagnosis is


deficiency of lung Yin. What further signs would you look for to confirm your


diagnosis?


a. Frothy white sputum; slippery pulse; thick tongue fur


b. Rapid thread pulse; flushing of jaw or cheeks; dry lips and mouth


c.


Shortness


of


breath;


red


tongue


with


grayish-yellow


fur;


fever


and


chills


d. Cold limbs; spontaneous perspiration; pale tongue and complexion


13.


The


symptoms


of


abdominal


distention,


edema,


deafness,


pain


in


the


outer


cantus,


swelling


of


the


cheeks,


and


congested


and


sore


throat


are


indicative


of


dysfunction


of which of the following channels


Shao Yang Tai Yin


c. Hand Shao Yang d. Hand Yang Ming


14. A male patient is treated for symptoms associated with the Taiyang stage. The


next


day,


he


complains


of


fever


perspiration,


and


a


fear


of


heat.


In


this


case,


the


disease has most likely progressed from the Taiyang stage to the


a. Taiyin stage b. Shaoyang stage


c. Shaoyin stage d. Yangming stage


15.


Several


bilateral


penetrating


pain,


especially


in


the


nape


and


occipital


area,


may


be


accompanied


by


dizziness,


irritability,


a


suffocating


feeling


in


the


chest,


a bitter taste in the mouth, and a sticky tongue such cases, the most


effective points would be


a. Baihui(Du 20)(GV 20), Houxi(SI 3), Zhiyin(UB 67), Taichong(Liv 3)


b. Fengchi(GB 20), Kunlun(UB 60), Houxi(Sl 3)


c.


Touwei(St


8),


Yintang(Extra),


Shangxing(Du


23)(GV 23),


Hegu(Ll


4),


Neiting(St 44)


d.


Taiyang(Extra),


Shuaigu(GB


8),


Waiguan(SJ


5)(TH


5),


Foot-Linqui(GB


41)


16.


A


male


patient


complains


of


feeling


cold,


but


he


refuses


covers.


He


also


complains


of feeling thirsty, but he likes only cold drinks. He also has dark yellow urine


and constipation. These physical findings are indicative of


a. Alternating Cold and Heat b. True Cold/Illusionary Heat


c. True Heat/Illusionary Cold d. Separation of Yin and Yang


17.


A


patient


presents


with


insomnia,


dream-disturbed


sleep,


red


tongue


and


palpitations. In this case, you would expect which of the following pulses


a. Thready b. Rapid and wiry


c. Full and rapid d. Constrained


18. A patient presents with the following symptoms: Chills, cold limbs, sallow


complexion,


and absence


of thirst,


listlessness, lassitude, spontaneous sweating,


loose


stools,


and


clear


urine


in


large


amount,


deep


slow


weak


pulse,


and


pale


tongue


with white coating. What type of syndrome do these symptoms indicate?


a. Cold syndrome of Shi (excess) type b. Interior cold syndrome


c.


Exterior


cold


syndrome d.


Cold


syndrome


of


the


Xu(deficiency)


type


19.


In


acute


epigastric


pain


or


stomachache,


which


one


of


the


following


is


the


best


choice for acupuncture treatment?


a.


Zusanli(St


36),


Liangqiu(St


34),


Gongsun(Sp


4),


Zhongwan(Ren


12)(CV


12)


b. Zusanli(St 36), Shangqiu(Sp 5), Fenglong(St 40), Juque(Ren 14)(CV 14)


c. Zusanli(St 36), Zhangmen(Liv 13), Tianshu(St 25), Shangjuxu(St 37) ~


d. Zusanli(St 36), Pishu(UB 20), Shenshu(UB 23), TaixiO( 3)


20.


According


to


the


theory


of


Yuan


(Source)


points


and


Luo(Connecting)


points,


the


points used for treatment of a deficiency of Spleen Yang are


a.


Taibai(Sp


3),


Shangqiu(Sp


5) b.


Taibai(Sp


3),


Chongyang(St


42)

-


-


-


-


-


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