(完整版)UnitOneGreekandRomanMythology英语阅读2第1单元希腊罗马文化

Unit

One

Greek and Roman Mythology

Pre-reading Questions

1. The Greek and Roman mythologies have fascinated human beings for centuries. Name some of

your favorite myths and tell your classmates why you like them.

2. Are there any similarities or differences between Greek and Roman myths? If so, what are they?

Chaos : a goddess Eurynome

Eurynome's consort is Ophion

in the beginning, Eurynome and Ophion ruled everything together from Mt. Olympus, but were

supplanted by Cronus and Rhea.

The Erinnyes (in English, the Furies)

Tisiphone, the Avenger

Megara, the Jealous

Alecto, the Unresting

The Charites

The Charites (or the Graces) were three happy Goddesses of Beauty. They were named:

Aglaia, Splendor

Euphrosyne, Mirth

Thalia, Good Cheer

Gaia, called Earth

She is from whom everything comes, but she is not quite a divinity, because she is Earth.

当时人类都是男 性，

对于潘多拉都很好奇。

普罗米修斯和弟弟因为违反了天条，

当时留在了

人间。

普罗米修斯猜到潘多 拉的到来是宙斯的阴谋，

于是告诫人们远离她。

大家都很崇拜普

罗米修斯，听从了他的告诫。潘多拉因此在人间流浪了很多年，也没有完成任务。

后来，

普罗米修斯的弟弟终于忍不住了，< /p>

忘记了哥哥的话，

被潘多拉所吸引。

当他 靠近潘多拉的一

刹那，潘多拉打开了盒子，疾病、灾难、罪恶、贪婪等等从盒子中飞出， 从此人类不再只有

幸福。

当希望要从盒子中飞出时，

于是人们一生都在追寻希望。

“潘多拉魔盒”或“潘多拉的盒子”用来代指惹事的根源，也指罪恶的来源。

Hercules utters these words to the Titan --

The soul of man can never be enslaved

Save by its own infirmities, nor freed

Save by its very strength and own resolve

And constant vision and supreme endeavor!

You will be free? Then, courage, O my brother!

O let the soul stand in the open door

Of life and death and knowledge and desire

And see the peaks of thought kindle with sunrise!

Then shall the soul return to rest no more,

Nor harvest dreams in the dark field of sleep -

Rather the soul shall go with great resolve

To dwell at last upon the shining mountains

In liberal converse with the eternal stars.

Thereupon he kills the eagle; and sets Jove's victim free.

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海格立斯向提坦巨人说：

人的灵魂永远不能被征服－－－

除非自身变得脆弱；也永远不能得解放－－－

除非自身充满决心和力量，以及

不稍亏的目光和无以复加的努力！

想自由吗？那就鼓起勇气，我的兄弟！

啊！让灵魂站在生与死，知与欲

敞开的门扉前，

见到旭日点燃思想的顶峰！

Oedipus

Laius

the horsemen of King Polybus of Corinth found the child

the king’s wife Periboea

Oedipus complex

In psychoanalytic theory, the term Oedipus complex denote the emotions and ideas that the mind

keeps in the unconscious, via dynamic repression, that concentrate upon a boy’s desire to sexually

possess his mother, and kill his father.

The

Oedipus

complex

occurs

in

the

third

—

phallic

stage

(ages

3

–

6)

—

of

five

psychosexual

development stages

Criticism

Contemporary psychoanalysts accept the universality of the Oedipus complex to different degrees;

Hans Keller proposed it is so

“

at least in Western societies

”

; and others consider that ethnologists

民族学家

already have established its temporal and geographic universality.

Nonetheless, few psychoanalysts disagree that the “child then entered an Oedipal phase . . . [which]

involved

an

acute

awareness

of

a

complicated

trian

gle

involving

mother,

father,

and

child”

and

that “both positive and negative Oedipal themes are typically observable in development”.

Despite evidence of parent

–

child conflict, the evolutionary psychologists Martin Daly and Margo

Wilson

note

that

it

is

not

for

sexual

possession

of

the

opposite

sex-parent;

thus,

in

Homicide

(1988),

they

proposed

that

the

Oedipus

complex

yields

few

testable

predictions,

because

they

found no evidence of the Oedipus complex in people.

Anouchka

Grose

said

that

“a

large

number

of

people,

these

days

believe

that

Freud’s

Oedipus

complex is defunct . . . ‘disproven’, or simply found unnecessary, sometime in the last century”.

Grose said that “the Oedipus complex isn’t really like that. It’s more a way of explaining how

human bein

gs are socialised . . . learning to deal with disappointment”.

Echo and Narcissus

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Diagnostic Features:

Narcissistic

personality

disorder

is

a

condition

characterized

by

an

inflated

sense

of

self-importance, need for admiration, extreme self-involvement, and lack of empathy for others.

Individuals with this disorder are usually arrogantly self-assured and confident. They expect to be

noticed as superior. Many highly successful individuals might be considered narcissistic. However,

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