-
1
主谓一致
(Agreement
between subject and verb)
1.
主谓一致
是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数上的一致，
主语的
“人称”<
/p>
和
“数”
决定谓语动词的变化。
如：
(1)
I
am
(be) fifteen.
She
is
(be) sixteen. And how old
are
(be)
you
?
(2)
There
is
(be)
a desk
in the room.
There
are
(be) no
chairs
in
it.
(3)
Jim
gets
(get) up at six o’clock every
morning.
(4)
They
have
(has/have) not come yet.
What
has
(has/have) happened to them?
(5)
Nobody
knows
(know)
who
is
(be) going to win in the
competition.
(6) What
is
(be) the latest
news
about the World
Cup?
如果主语不是单一的，
或主
语名词的数比较特殊时，
则主谓一致一般要依据
语法一致
、
意义一致
、
就近一
致
的原则来判断。
2.
集体或集合名词作主语时，遵循
意义一致原则：如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体
(
成员
)
时
,
谓语动词则用复数。
这一类常见的集合名词有
group
，
class,
family, team,
crowd, army,
enemy, police,
couple, audience, government, population, the
public
等。另外，集合名词
people,
cattle
作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
(1)
The family
is
(be) very big.
(2)
The family
are
(be) very early
risers.
(3)
This
class
has
(have)
eighteen girls and twenty-four boys.
(4)
This class
are
(be) very bright
especially in science subjects.
(5)
The government
were
(be) having an
important conference when I got there.
(6)
The government
is
(be) planning further
cuts in income tax.
(7)
The army
is
(is/are) going to remain in this
town.
(8)
The
army
have
(has/have) rescued the miners trapped
under the ruins.
(9)
The police
is
(be) an organization which
protects
(protect) the
public from harm.
(10)
The police
are
(be) people who
catch
(catch) thieves and
burglars.
(11)
The couple
were/was
(be) married in
2009.
(12)
The
audience
seem/seems
(seem) to have
enjoyed the concert.
(13)
The public
are/is
(be) very excited now that the concert hall is
completed.
(14)
The population
of China
is
(be) very large and
more than half of the
population
live
(live)
in
rural areas.
(15) In the
distance,
people
are
(is/are) working in the
field and
cattle
are
(is/are) grazing
(
吃草
)
on
the hillside.
3.
某些单复数同形的名词如
means, species,
series, sheep, deer, fish
等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数
可
根据名词前的修饰语、限定词或上下文来判定。如：
(1)
Every means
has
(has/have) /
All means
have
(has/have) been tried, but in
vain.
(2) There
is
(is/are)
a
new
species
of
whale hiding in our ocean.
(3) There
are
(is/are)
many
species
of cats in the animal
world.
(4) There
is
(is/are)
a
deer
/
are
(is/are)
two
sheep
under the tree. / There
are
(is/are)
several
fish
in the tank.
4.
某
些以
-s
结尾的名词不表示复数而表达单数概念，如学科名词<
/p>
maths, physics,
politics
，书报名
the
Times
，国名
the
United States
或组织名称
the United
Nations
，以及不可数名词
news, plastic
s
等，
这类名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；但是，
the Olympics / Olympic
Games
作主语时谓语动词常用
2
复数。如：
(1)
Physics
is
(be) my favorite subject.
(2)
The New York
Times
is
(be) an
American daily newspaper.
(3) So far the Arabian
1001 Nights
has
been translated
(translate) into many
foreign languages.
(4)
The United States
acts
(act) as the world police.
(5) Here
comes
(come)
the news
that he has been admitted into Peking
University.
(6)
The Olympic Games
are
held
(hold) every four
years.
5.
某些以
-s
结尾的名词表示的是由两个对称的部分构成的成双成对成套的物品，
如
trousers, glasses,
shoes,
gloves, shorts, socks, scissors
等，
这类名词作主语时谓语动词用复数；
但如果前面被
a
/the pair
of
修饰时应看作整体，谓语动词用单数
。如：
(1) I found
the
shoes
were
(be) worn out.
(2) I found
the pair of
shoes
was
(be)
worn out.
(3)
Glasses
are
(is/are) sometimes important to a
person’s image.
(4) It is
obvious that
the pair of glasses
makes
(make) her more
charming.
6.
表示时间
、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词，在表示度量衡单位数量作主语时，通常被看作整体，
谓
语动词常用单数。如：
(1)
Three hours
is
(be) enough for us to finish the
task.
(2)
Is
(be)
twenty
dollars
a big sum to her?
(3)
Three thousand miles
is
(be) a long
distance.
(4)
Fifty kilograms
is
(be) not too heavy to be carried.
说明：如果强调数目，谓语动词用复数。如：
(1)
One hundred
cents
make
(make)
a dollar.
(2)
More than 50
years
have passed
(pass) since they got married.
7.
两个（或以上）名词（或代词）由
and
连接作主语，指两个（或以上）不同的人或事物时，谓语
动词用复数。如：
(1)
Wang Gang and Zhang Hua
were
(be) here a moment
ago.
(2)
My
brother and I
have
(has/have) both seen the
film.
(3)
Both
rice and wheat
are
(is/are) grown in this part of
China.
(4)
Walking and riding
are
(is/are) good exercises.
说明：
(
Ⅰ
)
当<
/p>
and
不表示并列意义，连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念
或由两个物件配成的物品
时，
谓语要用单数。如：
(1)
The singer and dancer
gives
(give) several
concerts every year.
(2)
The professor and writer
is
(is/are) speaking at the
meeting.
(3)
The
professor and the writer
are
(is/are) going to speak at the
meeting.
(4)
One
more knife and fork
is
(is/are) needed.
(5)
War and peace
is
(is/are) a constant theme
in history.
(
Ⅱ
)
两个
并列的名词有
each
，
every<
/p>
，
no
，
man
y a…
等修饰语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
如：
(1)
Each doctor and (each) nurse
was
(was/were) given a new
shirt.
(2)
Every
desk and (every) chair
is
(is/are) made of wood.
(3)
No sound and no
voice
was
(was/were) heard in the dark
street.
(4)
Many
a boy and (many a) girl
in the class
has
(has/have) made the same
mistake.
8.
不定代词
anyone, anybody,
anything, everyone, everybody, everything,
someone, somebody, something,
no one,
nobody, nothing, each (of), either (of), the other
(one)
等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
3
(1)
Everything
is
(be) ready.
(2)
Someone
wants
(want) to see
you.
(3)
Does
(do)
anybody
want
to go with me?
(4) There
was
(be)
nobody
in the classroom. I
didn’t go in.
(5)
Each of
the students
is required
(require) to
wear the school uniform on Mondays.
(6)
Either of
the
books on the table
belongs
(belong) to me.
说明：不定代词
all, some,
any
以及
such, the following
等作主语时，谓语动词视其指代的内容和意
义而定。如：
(1) All we need
is
(is/are) time. / Now
all
has
(has/have) changed. /
All
are
(is/are) silent at
the
meeting.
(2)
Such
are
(is/are) his words. /
Such
is
(is/are) what he told me.
(3)
The following
is
(is/are) his advice on
learning English. /
The
following
are
(is/are) some
tips on
learning English.
9.
代词
none
和
neither
有时作单数看待，有
时作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定（即作主
语时，谓语动词用单复数均可）
。但是代表不可数名词时，只看作单数，谓语动词用单数；
neit
her
作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语动词也用单数。如：
(1) It is strange that
none
of them
has/have
arrived
(arrive) yet.
(2) I’m disappointed that
neither of them
knows/know
(know) the
answer.
(3)
None
of the money
is
(is/are) mine. /
None of the
students
is/are
(is/are) there.
(4)
Neither statement
is
(is/are) true.
10.
当用作主语的两个名词或代词由
or, either ...
or, neither ... nor, not ...
but
或
not only ... but also
连接
时，谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致（即就近一致）<
/p>
。如：
(1)
Either you or one of your classmates
is
(be) to take part in the
English Speech Contest.
(2)
Neither he nor I
am
(be) fond of rock
music.
(3)
Not
the passengers but the driver
is/was
(be) to blame for the
accident.
(4)
Not
only the students but also the teacher
longs
(long) for a
holiday.
11.
由
there
或
he
re
引导的句子（倒装句）
，谓语动词应与后面的主语保持一致
；当主语不止一个名
词时，谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致（即就近一致）<
/p>
。如：
(1) Look!
Here/There
comes
(come)
the
bus
.
(2)
There
stands
(stand)
a big
tree
in front of our teaching
building.
(3)
There
is
(be)
a lamp
, two
pens and six books on the desk.
(4)
Here
are
(be)
some
envelopes
and paper for you.
说明：在其它主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数也应与其后的主语保持一致。如：
(1) Between the two windows
hangs
(hang)
a
picture
.
(2) In
front of the school
stand
(stand)
several
shops
.
12.
当主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如
with,
along
with,
together
with,
as
well
as,
like,
rather
than,
without, not, but, except, besides,
including, in addition to
等时，谓语动词不受修饰成分的
影响，仍
与前面的主语保持一致（即就前或就远一致）
。如：<
/p>
(1)
Mr. Smith,
together with his wife and children,
was
(was/were) invited to
our party.
(2)
The girl as well as the boys
has
(has/have) learnt to
drive a car.
(3) It is
your efforts, rather than your
intelligence
, that
determine
(determine) your success.
(4)
All but Tom
have known
(know) the truth
so far.
13.
当
all of / most of / lots (a
lot) of / plenty of / part of / half of / the rest
of / the majority of /… percent of /
one third of +
名词
/
代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于
of
后面的名词或代词表示的意义