(完整版)现代密码学简答题及计算题

6(mod11)

，现以

并计算

11

的平方根，

所以椭圆上不存在横坐标为

的点；

同理依次可以得

到椭圆上的点有（

2 , 4

）

< /p>

（

2

，

7

）

（

3 , 5

）

（

3< /p>

，

6

）

feelings survey,

by looki

ng up publi

c se

ntiments to fi

nd pr

obl

ems. Pr

oblems

will increase

its special

supervisi

on,

set up accounts,

hol

d on to it. We

shoul

d conscie

ntiously impleme

nt the lea

ding

contra

cting matters, se

cure

d, ha

d a

n answer to everything, t

hen

settles rate of 100%. Have an im

pact

on some of the

outsta

ndi

ng issues,

supervisi

on

department

s and information component

s togethe

r, play t

he supervi

sory rol

e of the

news me

dia to

promote pr

obl

em solvi

ng. Inve

stee 3. i

nsist

on a

daily run, around the

practi

ce of truth

catching efficie

ncy, focus spe

cif

ication. To give full play to the

party Office around connecting, coordi

nating i

nternal a

nd exter

nal features,

contact, rally at all level

s, to motivate every a

spe

ct, adhere to t

he trut

h, strengt

heni

ng standardized manag

ement to a

chieve

coherent,

efficient and effective functioning

of the da

ily work

of the Party Committee. Is

proc

essing messages should

strive to streamline, standardiz

e and quality.

Streamlining is to control the number

of

messages, compress message

s, reduci

ng procedures, im

prove messag

e ha

ndli

ng efficiency. S

pecifications, is t

o strictly e

nforce the ba

n issued

by the Communi

st party aut

horitie

s in document

handling reg

ulations a

nd pr

ovincial and munici

pal regulati

ons, conscienti

ously strengthen a

nd impr

ove communications manageme

nt to ensure that

party docume

nts or

derly. High

qualit

y, is t

o improve the quality of message

processi

ng, it is nece

ssary to a

ccurately implementi

ng the i

ntention of the

Party Committee, cl

earance, good

communications,

poli

cy pr

ogram closed, e

nsuring that t

here is

no

error. Second meeting

scheduled to

ensure thoroug

h, safe a

nd efficie

nt. Any arrangeme

nts for the meeti

ngs a

nd eve

nts, caref

ully arranged, item

-by

-item interface impleme

nted,

sure.

o vigor

ously streamline meeti

ngs, a

ctivities,

number

of pressure reducti

on,

scale t

o ensure that le

adership emer

ged from the Ge

neral Conference and entertai

nment servi

ces, focus on big thi

ngs, matters. T

hird, re

cepti

on

service

s

should lay

stress

on

huma

ne,

personal,

cult

ural and human. Recepti

on

and work

directly

with

people, re

cepti

on

services directly affecting t

he Office

of party

Committee The image of the

region. At the

same time stre

ngthe

ning the constr

ucti

on

of library, improve t

he re

cepti

on

conditi

ons, more

human-ori

ented, persona

l, cultural w

ork int

o the re

ce

ption, a little more

huma

n needs, a little more

human care more

humane atmospher

e, and constantly impr

ove the

service, improv

e the

quality

of servi

ce. M

eanw

hile, t

o further pay spe

cial attention to t

he

daily w

ork of the

other Office Syst

em. Confidential

work re

sponsibility sy

stem for leadi

ng ca

dres to implement

security as

a leade

r, to

improve t

he confidentiality

of classified personnel

, es

peci

ally leadi

ng ca

dres,

strengthening

party a

nd Governme

nt focus

on vital

sect

ors of security management, to adva

nce priva

cy manageme

nt standar

dization, m

odernization of se

curity te

chniques a

s a mea

ns of a

dministration accor

ding t

o law a

nd

security

enfor ceme

nt, ensure the

safety of the party and State secrets. Confide

ntial work to meet the dema

nds

of new technology

development

out city

created, a

nd care masses life, focus

work, i

n-dept

h investigation, more

out bouti

que master

pie

ce, makes we of rese

arch re

sults mor

e to into le

d of decisi

on vi

sion, more to i

n nati

onal some ha

s effect of newspaper Sha

ng published, for a

dvance work,

and

publicity

cha

ngde

play due of role. Third, informati

on submitted to

be pragmati

c. Quick a

nd timel

y. T

he ancients

said: for the time system; stateme

nt back for t

he time bei

ng, nothi

ng. Therefore, the

submi

ssion of information to

do

ng, se

nd a

nd rea

d faster appr

oval and feedba

ck

to implement quickl

y. To be tr

ue and accurate. True mainly reflect the full pi

cture

of events, one is

one

, two, thi

s is the life

of the information. Accura

cy is primarily

qualitative a

nd

qua

ntitative que

stions, quantitative

obje

ctive of publi

cQualitative logi

c. To b

e reliable a

nd

useful. We submit inform

ation to

have access t

o de

cisi

on

-making, to g

uide

and

promote t

he work a

nd

solve

practica

l problems.

Mixed cum.

On the negative informati

on a

nd emerge

ncy i

nformation, ra

pid e

scalati

on i

n strict a

ccorda

nce

with the procedures, firm, newspape

r, ne

wspa

pers,

never late, fail to re

port, false claim a

nd skimmi

ng. Investe

e 2. supervision and insist on, ar

ound a

nd pr

otecti

ng their i

nterests to touch the tr

uth,

see

k practical re

sults. Adhere to

people

-orie

nted, the most important thi

ng is to re

alize,

safeguard a

nd

develop the f

undamental intere

sts of the

overwhelming majority

of the people. We

carry out in

spe

ction, so must go

dee

p among t

he masses, go

dee

p into t

he realitie

s, always

pay attention to the

people's livel

ihood, to g

rasp t

he

publ

ic sentiment, a

nd e

arnestly

safeguard t

he be

nefit, addressi

ng the masses are m

ost concerne

d about a

nd refle

cting the stronge

st issues, efforts to

solve t

he pr

oblem

of deci

sions impl

emented a

nd

not implemented. One is to

stick to

principl

es. Right of i

nspecti

on is

one

of the most important

pow

ers of the

Office, should

not

only dare to use,

but also with

cauti

on. So

-calle

d

dared to

use, i

s to hold a

number of important i

ssue

s, bold

supervisi

on ov

er supervisi

on, tra

ck inspe

ction, problems are

not solved

do not pass, the

blame does

not hold

did

not miss,

dissatisfaction of the masses di

d not miss, the real right of supervi

sion

authority,

with the

benefits. Call wit

h ca

uti

on, is

supervisi

ng de

partments should stre

ngthe

n the

consci

ousne

ss of aut

horize

d strictly a

ccordi

ng to pr

oce

dure,

preventi

ng the supervi

sion and excessive to preve

nt adding burde

n to grass

-roots. To thi

s end, the

supervisi

on De

partment of the

Party Committee of supervi

sion must be under city

and County party Comm

ittee Secretary-General (Office). Second, we should focus on. Is the Gover

nor, those relate

d to the gl

obalEve

nt, Gover

nor the protra

cted difficult, stro

ng Gover

nor

duri

ng emergency

urgent.

Not havi

ng special

departments in

charge

of the Ge

neral Gover

nor, under t

he normal proce

dure

can

do g

ood thing

s not

Governor,

not a

uthorized

by County lea

ders,

not the

Gover

nor.

Third i

s to solve

the problem. The pur

pose of supervi

sion, to resolve the pr

oblem.

To a

dher

e to and further impr

ove the

（

5,9

）

（

5 , 2

）

（

7 , 9

）

（

7

，

2

）

（

8 , 8

）

（

8 ,

3

）

（

10 , 9

）

(10 , 2)

B

的公钥为

< br>{E:

G

?

(2,7)

，

P

B

?

2)

}

，私钥为< /p>

y

2

?

x

3

?

x

6(mod11)

，

⑻ 与

RSA

密码体制和

ElGamal< /p>

密码体制相比，简述

ECC

密码体制的特 点。

答：

①椭圆曲线密码体制的安全 性不同于

RSA

的大整

数因子分解问题 及

ElGamal

素域乘法群离散对数问

题。自公钥密码产生以来，人们基于各种数学难题提

出了大量的密码方案，但能经受住 时间的考验又广泛

为人们所接受的只有基于大整数分解及离散对数问题

< br>的方案，且不说这两种问题受到亚指数的严重威胁，

就如此狭窄的数学背景来说， 也不能不引起人们的担

忧，寻找新的数学难题作为密码资源早就是人们努力

的一个方向，而椭圆曲线为公钥密码体制提供一类新

型的机制。

②椭圆曲线资源丰富。同在一个有限域上存在着大量

不同的椭圆曲线，这位安全性增加了额外的保障。

③效率方 面。在同等安全水平上，椭圆曲线密码体制

的密钥长度与

RSA

，

ElGamal

的密钥小得多，

所以，

计

算量小，处理速度快，存储空间占 用小，传输带宽要

求低，特别在移动信号，无线设备上的应用前景非常

< br>feelings surve

y, by l

ooki

ng up

public

sentiment

s to find

probl

ems. Pr

oblem

s will increase its

spe

cial supervi

sion, set up accounts, hol

d on to it. We should

conscienti

ously im

plement the leadi

ng contracting matters, secured, had an a

nsw

er to everythi

ng, the

n settles rate of 100%. Have an im

pact on some of the outsta

ndi

ng issues,

supervisi

on departments a

nd i

nformation

com

ponents toget

her,

play the supervisory r

ole of the

news medi

a to prom

ote problem solving. Investee 3. i

nsist

on a daily run, around t

he pra

ctice

of truth catching efficie

ncy, focus specification. To give full play to the party Office around connecti

ng, coor

dinati

ng internal a

nd exter

nal features, conta

ct, rally at all levels, to motivate every a

spe

ct, adhere to the truth, stre

ngthe

ning sta

ndar

dize

d management to a

chi

eve cohere

nt, efficient and effective functioning of the

daily w

ork of the Party Committee. Is pr

oce

ssing messages should

strive to streamline,

standardize a

nd

qualit

y.

Streamlining is to contr

ol the

number

of

messages, compress message

s, reducing

procedures, impr

ove message

handling efficie

ncy. Specificati

ons, is to stri

ctly enforce t

he ba

n issued

by the Comm

uni

st party aut

horities i

n document ha

ndling regulati

ons and provi

ncial a

nd m

uni

cipal reg

ulations, conscie

ntiously strengt

hen a

nd impr

ove communications management to e

nsur

e that party documents

orderl

y. High

qual

ity, is to im

prove the

quality

of message pr

ocessing, it i

s ne

cessary t

o accurately impleme

nting the i

ntenti

on of the

Party Committee, cl

earance, good communi

cations,

poli

cy program cl

ose

d, ensuri

ng that there i

s no err

or. Second meeting sche

dul

ed to e

nsure thor

oug

h, safe and efficient. Any arra

ngements for the meetings a

nd eve

nts, caref

ully arranged, item

-by- item interface impleme

nted, sure. To vigorously streamli

ne meeting

s, activitie

s, num

ber of pressure re

duction, scal

e to ensure that leadership emerge

d from the General Confere

nce a

nd e

ntertainment service

s, focus on big thi

ngs, matters. T

hird, re

cepti

on services

should lay stress on huma

ne, personal, cultural a

nd

human. Recepti

on a

nd w

ork dire

ctly with people, reception servi

ces

directly affecting the Office of party Committee The image of the regi

on. At the same time strengtheni

ng the constr

ucti

on of li

brary, impr

ove the re

cepti

on

conditions, mor

e human- ori

ented,

personal,

cult

ural work int

o the re

cepti

on, a little more

huma

n nee

ds, a little more

huma

n care more

humane atmosphere, a

nd

constantly impr

ove the servi

ce, im

prove the

quality of service.

Meanwhile

, to further

pay spe

cial attenti

on to the daily w

ork of the ot

her Office System. Confide

ntial work responsi

bility system for leadi

ng ca

dres to impl

ement se

curity as a lea

der, to improve t

he confide

ntiality of classified personnel

, especially lea

ding

cadres, strengtheni

ng party and Gover

nment focus

on vital se

ctors

of security management, to a

dvance priva

cy management sta

ndar

dization, modernizati

on

of security techniques as a mea

ns of admi

nistrat

ion accordi

ng to law a

nd se

curity

enforceme

nt, ensure the

safety of the party and State secrets. Confide

ntial work to meet the dema

nds

of new technology

development

3

out city

created, a

nd care masses life, focus

work, i

n-dept

h investigation, more

out bouti

que master

pie

ce, makes we of rese

arch re

sults mor

e to into le

d of decisi

on vi

sion, more to i

n nati

onal some ha

s effect of newspaper Sha

ng published, for a

dvance work,

and

publicity

cha

ngde

play due of role. Third, informati

on submitted to

be pragmati

c. Quick a

nd timel

y. T

he ancients

said: for the time system; stateme

nt back for t

he time bei

ng, nothi

ng. Therefore, the

submi

ssion of information to

do

ng, se

nd a

nd rea

d faster appr

oval and feedba

ck

to implement quickl

y. To be tr

ue and accurate. True mainly

reflect the full pi

cture

of events, one is

one

, two, thi

s is the life

of the information. Accura

cy is primarily

qualitative a

nd

qua

ntitative que

stions, quantitative

obje

ctive of publi

cQualitative logi

c. To be reliable a

nd

useful. We submit inform

ation to

have access t

o de

cisi

on-making, to g

uide

and

promote t

he work a

nd

solve

practica

l problems.

Mixed cum.

On the negative informati

on a

nd emerge

ncy i

nformation, ra

pid e

scalati

on i

n strict a

ccorda

nce

with the procedures, firm, newsp

ape

r, ne

wspa

pers,

never late, fail to re

port, false claim a

nd skimmi

ng. Investe

e 2. supervision and insist on, ar

ound a

nd pr

otecti

ng their i

nterests to touch the tr

uth,

see

k practical re

sults. Adhere to

people

-orie

nted, the most important thi

ng is to re

alize,

safeguard a

nd

develop the f

undamental intere

sts of the

overwhelming majority

of the people. We

carry out inspe

ction, so must go

dee

p among t

he masses, go

dee

p into t

he realitie

s, always

pay attention to the

people's livel

ihood, to grasp t

he

publ

ic sentiment, a

nd e

arnestly

safeguard t

he be

nefit, addressi

ng the masses are m

ost concerne

d about a

nd refle

cting the stronge

st issues, efforts to

solve t

he pr

oblem

of deci

sions impl

emented a

nd

not implemented. One is to

stick to

principl

es. Right of i

nspecti

on is

one

of the most important

pow

ers of the

Office, should

not

only dare to use,

but also with

cauti

on. So

-calle

d

dared to

use, i

s to hold a

number of important i

ssue

s, bold

supervisi

on ov

er supervisi

on, tra

ck inspe

ction, problems are

not solved

do not pass, the

blame does

not hold

did

not miss,

dissatisfaction of the masses di

d not miss, the real right of supervi

sion authority,

with the

benefits. Call wit

h ca

uti

on, is

supervisi

ng de

partments should stre

ngthe

n the

consci

ousne

ss of aut

horize

d strictly a

ccordi

ng to pr

oce

dure,

preventi

ng the supervi

sion and excessive to preve

nt adding burde

n to grass

-roots. To thi

s end, the

supervisi

on De

partment of the

Party Committee of supervi

sion must be under city

and County party Comm

ittee Secretary-General (Office). Second, we should focus on. Is the Gover

no

r, those relate

d to the gl

obalEve

nt, Gover

nor the protra

cted difficult, strong Gover

nor

duri

ng emergency

urgent.

Not havi

ng s

pecial

departments in

charge

of the Ge

neral Gover

nor, under t

he normal proce

dure

can

do g

ood thing

s not

Governor,

not a

uthorized

by County lea

ders,

not the

Gover

nor.

Third i

s to solve

the problem. The pur

pose of supervi

sion, to resolve the pr

oblem.

To a

dher

e to and further impr

ove the

好。

④安全性。而显然是任何密码体制的必备条件，椭圆

曲线密码体制的安 全性分析因而也引起了各国密码学

家及有关部门的关注和重视，但成果并不丰硕。也许< /p>

这可视为椭圆曲线密码体制具有高安全性的一种证

据，因此，大多 是密码学家对其前景持乐观态

第六章

4.

简答题

（

1

）简要说明散列（哈希）函数的特点。

答：哈希函数有如下特点

:

输入数字串与输出数字

串具有唯一的对应关系

;

输入数字串中

任

何变化 会导致输出数字串也发生变化

;

从输出数字串

< br>不能够反求出输入数字串。

哈希函数算法有多种

,

它受

到广泛的应用

,

在信息安全领域

,

它是实现数字签名和

认证的重要工具。

（

3

）简述

MD5

算法。

答：

Md5

的全 称是

Message-Digest Algorithm 5

（信息

-

摘

要

算

法

）

，

在< /p>

90

年

代

初

由

Mit

Laboratory

For

Computer

Science

和

Rsa

Data

Security

Inc

的

开发出来，经

md2

、

md3

和

< br>md4

发展而

来。它的作用是让大容量信息在用数字签名 软件签署

feelings survey,

by looki

ng up publi

c se

ntiments to fi

nd pr

obl

ems. Pr

oblems

will increase

its special

supervisi

on,

set up accounts,

hol

d on to it. We

shoul

d conscie

ntiously impleme

nt the lea

ding

contra

cting matters, se

cure

d, ha

d a

n answer to everything, t

hen

settles rate of 100%. Have an im

pact

on some of the

outsta

ndi

ng issues,

supervisi

on

department

s and information component

s togethe

r, play t

he supervi

sory rol

e of the

news me

dia to

promote pr

obl

em solvi

ng. Inve

stee 3. i

nsist

on a

daily run, around the

practi

ce of truth

catching efficie

ncy, focus spe

cif

ication. To give full play to the

party Office around connecting, coordi

nating i

nternal a

nd exter

nal features,

contact, rally at all level

s, to motivate every a

spe

ct, adhere to t

he trut

h, strengt

heni

ng standardized manag

ement to a

chieve

coherent,

efficient and effective functioning

of the da

ily work

of the Party Committee. Is

proc

essing messages should

strive to streamline, standardiz

e and quality.

Streamlining is to control the number

of

messages, compress message

s, reduci

ng procedures, im

prove messag

e ha

ndli

ng efficiency. S

pecifications, is t

o strictly e

nforce the ba

n issued

by the Communi

st party aut

horitie

s in document

handling reg

ulations a

nd pr

ovincial and munici

pal regulati

ons, conscienti

ously strengthen a

nd impr

ove communications manageme

nt to ensure that

party docume

nts or

derly. High

qualit

y, is t

o improve the quality of message

processi

ng, it is nece

ssary to a

ccurately implementi

ng the i

ntention of the

Party Committee, cl

earance, good

communications,

poli

cy pr

ogram closed, e

nsuring that t

here is

no

error. Second meeting

scheduled to

ensure thoroug

h, safe a

nd efficie

nt. Any arrangeme

nts for the meeti

ngs a

nd eve

nts, caref

ully arranged, item

-by

-item interface impleme

nted,

sure.

o vigor

ously streamline meeti

ngs, a

ctivities,

number

of pressure reducti

on,

scale t

o ensure that le

adership emer

ged from the Ge

neral Conference and entertai

nment servi

ces, focus on big thi

ngs, matters. T

hird, re

cepti

on

service

s

should lay

stress

on

huma

ne,

personal,

cult

ural and human. Recepti

on

and work

directly

with

people, re

cepti

on

services directly affecting t

he Office

of party

Committee The image of the

region. At the

same time stre

ngthe

ning the constr

ucti

on

of library, improve t

he re

cepti

on

conditi

ons, more

human-ori

ented, persona

l, cultural w

ork int

o the re

ce

ption, a little more

huma

n needs, a little more

human care more

humane atmospher

e, and constantly impr

ove the

service, improv

e the

quality

of servi

ce. M

eanw

hile, t

o further pay spe

cial attention to t

he

daily w

ork of the

other Office Syst

em. Confidential

work re

sponsibility sy

stem for leadi

ng ca

dres to implement

security as

a leade

r, to

improve t

he confidentiality

of classified personnel

, es

peci

ally leadi

ng ca

dres,

strengthening

party a

nd Governme

nt focus

on vital

sect

ors of security management, to adva

nce priva

cy manageme

nt standar

dization, m

odernization of se

curity te

chniques a

s a mea

ns of a

dministration accor

ding t

o law a

nd

security

enfor ceme

nt, ensure the

safety of the party and State secrets. Confide

ntial work to meet the dema

nds

of new technology

development

out city

created, a

nd care masses life, focus

work, i

n-dept

h investigation, more

out bouti

que master

pie

ce, makes we of rese

arch re

sults mor

e to into le

d of decisi

on vi

sion, more to i

n nati

onal some ha

s effect of newspaper Sha

ng published, for a

dvance work,

and

publicity

cha

ngde

play due of role. Third, informati

on submitted to

be pragmati

c. Quick a

nd timel

y. T

he ancients

said: for the time system; stateme

nt back for t

he time bei

ng, nothi

ng. Therefore, the

submi

ssion of information to

do

ng, se

nd a

nd rea

d faster appr

oval and feedba

ck

to implement quickl

y. To be tr

ue and accurate. True mainly reflect the full pi

cture

of events, one is

one

, two, thi

s is the life

of the information. Accura

cy is primarily

qualitative a

nd

qua

ntitative que

stions, quantitative

obje

ctive of publi

cQualitative logi

c. To b

e reliable a

nd

useful. We submit inform

ation to

have access t

o de

cisi

on

-making, to g

uide

and

promote t

he work a

nd

solve

practica

l problems.

Mixed cum.

On the negative informati

on a

nd emerge

ncy i

nformation, ra

pid e

scalati

on i

n strict a

ccorda

nce

with the procedures, firm, newspape

r, ne

wspa

pers,

never late, fail to re

port, false claim a

nd skimmi

ng. Investe

e 2. supervision and insist on, ar

ound a

nd pr

otecti

ng their i

nterests to touch the tr

uth,

see

k practical re

sults. Adhere to

people

-orie

nted, the most important thi

ng is to re

alize,

safeguard a

nd

develop the f

undamental intere

sts of the

overwhelming majority

of the people. We

carry out in

spe

ction, so must go

dee

p among t

he masses, go

dee

p into t

he realitie

s, always

pay attention to the

people's livel

ihood, to g

rasp t

he

publ

ic sentiment, a

nd e

arnestly

safeguard t

he be

nefit, addressi

ng the masses are m

ost concerne

d about a

nd refle

cting the stronge

st issues, efforts to

solve t

he pr

oblem

of deci

sions impl

emented a

nd

not implemented. One is to

stick to

principl

es. Right of i

nspecti

on is

one

of the most important

pow

ers of the

Office, should

not

only dare to use,

but also with

cauti

on. So

-calle

d

dared to

use, i

s to hold a

number of important i

ssue

s, bold

supervisi

on ov

er supervisi

on, tra

ck inspe

ction, problems are

not solved

do not pass, the

blame does

not hold

did

not miss,

dissatisfaction of the masses di

d not miss, the real right of supervi

sion

authority,

with the

benefits. Call wit

h ca

uti

on, is

supervisi

ng de

partments should stre

ngthe

n the

consci

ousne

ss of aut

horize

d strictly a

ccordi

ng to pr

oce

dure,

preventi

ng the supervi

sion and excessive to preve

nt adding burde

n to grass

-roots. To thi

s end, the

supervisi

on De

partment of the

Party Committee of supervi

sion must be under city

and County party Comm

ittee Secretary-General (Office). Second, we should focus on. Is the Gover

nor, those relate

d to the gl

obalEve

nt, Gover

nor the protra

cted difficult, stro

ng Gover

nor

duri

ng emergency

urgent.

Not havi

ng special

departments in

charge

of the Ge

neral Gover

nor, under t

he normal proce

dure

can

do g

ood thing

s not

Governor,

not a

uthorized

by County lea

ders,

not the

Gover

nor.

Third i

s to solve

the problem. The pur

pose of supervi

sion, to resolve the pr

oblem.

To a

dher

e to and further impr

ove the

私人密钥前被

“

压缩

”

成

一种保密的格式。

MD5

是一