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词性转换(后缀)

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2021-02-10 10:40
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2021年2月10日发(作者:tat)











专接本英语词性转换培训资料










冯玲





词性转换



(


后缀


)





-ability/-ibility



:


名词后缀,



-able/ -ible



-ity


而成,


构成抽象名词,


表示性质、


状态,

< p>
意为“可?性”



“易?性”


“可?”




e.g.



suit --suitable -----



suitability



















move



movable --- movability


There is always the (possible) ___________ of an earthquake in this region, but so far there has


been no sign of trouble. (possibility)



The rapid development of science and technology has opened up many (possible) __________ to


human beings. (possibilities)





-able / ible :


形容词后缀,附加在动词后,表示“可?的”



“能?的”




也可附在名词 后


构成形容词,表示“可?的”



e.g. sale



saleable


可出售的












notice --- noticeable



可注意到的






move



movable


可移动的











sense --- sensible





可感觉的



It



s (reason) ________ for parents to pay for their children



s education.



2004.12




reasonable





The weather here is (change) ________. You



d better bring a raincoat with you in case it rains.


(changeable)






ably / ibly :


副词后缀,由形容词后缀




able/ -ible


转成,表示



“?地”



“可?地”



e.g.



note



notable --- notably











sense



sensible



sensibly






acy



名词后缀,构成抽象名词,表示状态、性质等



e.g.




private --- privacy



隐居,私密










accurate -- accuracy



精确







age



名词后缀




1





表示集合名词:



baggage


行李






teenage


青少年




luggage


(总称)行李
















average


平均数




2




表示地点、场所:



passage


通道





village


村庄





cottage


村舍




3




表示费用:



postage


邮费




4




表示活动、动作:









e.g. marry



marriage



结婚













leak --- leakage





5




表示情况、状态、身份等:



courage



勇气








shortage


不足







al



1




形容词后缀,表示


―…






具有



特性的





e.g.



nation



national


国家的









emotion --- emotional


感情上的









addition



additional


附加的,额外的




1


The organization started a (nation) _______ campaign against cigarette smoking in public places.


(national)









2




名词后缀,表示“动作”



“过程”


,或表示人和物



e.g.



arrive --- arrival


到达











refuse



refusal


拒绝








try --- trial



尝试














survive --- survival


幸存








criminal



罪犯



At the meeting a (propose) _____ was put forward by John Smith. (proposal)







ality



复合名词后缀,由形容词后缀




al +


名词后缀


- ity


而成,表示“性 质”或“具


有某种性质的事物”



e.g.



equal



equality


平等









national



nationality


国籍







an




1




名词后缀,表示“?地方的人”



“精通? 的人”



e.g.



American


美国人




Asian


亚洲人






2


)形容词后缀,表示“属于?的”



“有?性质的”


< br>“属于某地方的”


,带此后缀


的形容词有的兼做名词



e.g. Roman


罗马的;罗马人






American



美国的;美国人





Asian


亚洲的;亚洲







ance/ ancy :


抽象名 词后缀,与形容词后缀


-ant


相对应,表示状态、情况及性质 等,许


多名词具有


-ance





ancy


两种形式



e.g.




relevant --- relevance



(relevancy)


关联,恰当,有关









elegant ----elegance (elegancy)


优美











endurance



忍耐









assistant --- assistance




援助



The


boss


gave


him


a


raise


in


salary


because


of


his


excellent


(perform)


________


at


work.


(performance)






ant:




1

)形容词后缀,与名词后缀




ance



-ancy


相对应,表示“?的”



“具有?


性质的”

< br>


e.g.



assistance



assistant



辅助的









significance --- significant


重大的








relevance



relevant



有关的



Advice,


sometimes,


may


not


sound


(please)


_________


to


our


ears,


but


it


will


prove


helpful.


(pleasant)






arity



复合名词后缀,由




ar + - ity


而成,表示情况、性质等



e.g.



similar ---- similarity



相似












regular



regularity



规律性








popular



popularity



普及,大众性







ate : (1)


名词后缀表示人(某种职业或某种地位的人)


;表 示职位、职权



e.g.




candidate



候选人






delegate



代表








doctorate


博士学位












2




动词后缀,表示“成为?”



“使化合”< /p>



“处理”



e.g.





fascinate




使着迷











educate



教育



The


gas


company


officials


(investigation)


___________


the


cause


of


an


explosion


which


badly


damaged a house in London. ( investigated)











3


)形容词后缀,表示“具有?特征的”



“ 充满?的”



“如?形状的”



“具有?



2


的”



e.g.



considerate



体贴的








temperate



温和的







ation


:名词后缀



表示情况、 状态、性质;表示动作、行为;表示行为的过程、结果



e.g. operate



operation


手术








prepare --- preparation



准备



explain



explanation


解释



It is really surprising that his (imitate) ______ of that singer could be almost perfect. (imitation)




-


ative


:


形容词后缀,表示“ ?的”



“有?性质的”


< p>
“与?有关的”


,带此后缀的词有的


可兼做名词< /p>



e.g.



affirm


(断言)


---affirmative


肯定的









representative


有代表性的



/


代表








cy


名词后缀,构成抽象名词,表示性质、状态等



e.g. infancy



婴儿期







secrecy



秘密








bankruptcy



破产



He became highly experienced in international (diplomatic) _________. (diplomacy


外交


)






dom :


名词后缀




表示职位、领域、集体;身份、状态、性质



e.g.



kingdom


王国








filmdom


电影界







wisdom


智慧



By sitting around for communication, parents can share their (wise) _________ and experiences


with their children. (wisdom)






ed :


形容词后缀,加在名词 之后,表示“有?的”



“如?的”




1



n +ed = adj.


e.g. aged


年老的








gifted


有天才的






colored



彩色的



We must keep the manager (inform) _________ of the advertising campaign.(2009.6) (informed)


If all the people agree on the (suggest) ________ plan, we shall hold the sports meet at the end of


this month.



(suggested)



(2)



V+ ed = adj



Ved


:过去分词)



e.g.



a printed word;



a broken glass;








ee :


名词后缀



表示

< br>“处于某一情况下的人”



大多数含有别动意义



(与



< p>
er


区分开)



e.g.




examinee ---- examiner








employee ---- employer








trainee ----



trainer


I am sure the secretary who has just been hired will prove to be an efficient (employ) _________.


(employee)






en :



1


)动词后缀,



加在



一部分名词或形容词 之后,构成动词,表示“使成为?”



“使变成?”

< p>


e.g. dark --- darken


变黑












deep--- deepen


加深







long -- length --- length


伸长



Before the flight takes off, all passengers are asked to (fast) _______ their seat belts. (fasten)













2


)形容词后缀,加在一部分物质名词之后,表示“由?制造成的”



“含有?


质的”



e.g.



gold --- golden


金质的






wood --- wooden


木制的






wool --- woolen


羊毛制的



The businessman lost a (gold) ________ chance to make a big fortune. (golden)




3





ence / ency :


名词后缀,


与形容词后缀


< p>


ent


相对应,


构成抽 象名词,


表示动作、


性质、


状态等,有 些词具有


-ence



-ency


两种后缀形式。



e.g.



different --- difference


不同








influent ---- influence



影响








frequent



frequency


频率








urgent --- urgency



紧急




I



m afraid there is not much (differ) _________ in their points of view. (difference)


The


success


of


a


student


depends


more


on


hard


work


than


on


his


(intelligent)_________.


(intelligence)






ent :


形容词后缀,与名词后缀




ence



-ency


相对应,表示



具有?性质的



、< /p>



关于?



‖< /p>



e.g.



innocence --- innocent



无罪的








fluency --- fluent


流畅的








confidence



confident


自信的








frequency --- frequent



屡次的



Anything that is (urgently) __________must be attended to (


注意、关注


) immediately.




-er:


名词后缀,表示人,抽象名词,或加在形容词或副词后表示比较级



College (leave) ________ need academic qualifications to apply for a job. (leavers)


The loss of 100 lives in the earthquake was a great (disastrous) _________. (disaster)


It



s a lot (easy) _________ to learn a foreign language in the country where it is spoken than at


home.



( easier)




- ern :



形容词后缀,表示方向及性质



e.g.





modern


现代的










southern


南方的





-ery:

名词后缀,构成抽象名词,表示行为、状态等;表示行业、地位等;表示地点、场


所 等



e.g.



rob--- robbery


掠夺



image --- imagery


形象化描述




bakery


烤面包房




greenery


温室










-ess:


名词后缀,表示女性或雌性动物



e.g.




host --- hostess


女主人










lion --- lioness


母狮





-fic:


(亦作-ific)形 容词后缀,表示“令?的”



“使?的”


,或表示“具有某种性


质的”


,有时也用做名词后缀



e.g. science --- scientific


科学的





honor --- honorific


尊敬的





-fication:


抽象名词后 缀,表示“形成”



“?化”等意义,与动词后缀


-fy


相对应。带后缀


-fy


的动词转成名词时有的用


-faction


,由的用


-fication


满足





-ful:


(1)名词后缀,表示“充满?所需的量”



e.g.




handful


一把








mouthful


一口










(2)



形 容词后缀,表示“充满?”



“有?性质”


e.g.





care --- careful


e小心的







help --- helpful


乐于助人的



It



s really (wonder) __________ to see you here again in Beijing. (wonderful)




-fy:


动词后缀,表示“使成为 ?”



“将?变为?”


,大多数构成及 物动词




4


e.g.




satisfy


(使)满足





simple --- simplify


使简化




glory --- glorify


增光



I could speak their language and (identical) _________ with their problems because I had been


there for many years. (identify)




-hood:


名词后缀,构成抽象名词,表示身份、资格、性质、状态等



e.g.



childhood


童年




neighborhood


邻近地区





manhood


成年




brotherhood


兄弟之情



The (neighbor) _________ I live in does not have such conveniences as a supermarket, a bank and


a hospital. (neighborhood)




-ial: (1)



形容词后缀,由连接字母



i+-al


而成,表示“属于?的”



“据有?的 ”



“有?性


质的”

< br>


e.g.




face ---facial


面部的









part---partial


部分的






(2)


有些一“

< br>ce


”为结尾的词,加


-ial


时在拼写上将“


ce


”改为“


t




e.g.




palace --- palatial


宫殿似的











experience --- experiential



凭经验的









confidence --- confidential


极受信任的





-ian:



1


)形容词后缀,表示“属于某国的


、某地的、某人的”


,可兼做名词后缀,表


示“人或语言”



e.g.




Canadian



加拿大的(人)








Egyptian


埃及的(人、语)










2


)名词 后缀,表示“属于某种职业、地位或特征的人”



e.g.




guardian



守卫者

















civilian


平民



Is this man a (politics) _________ or a statesman?



(politician)




-ibility:


名词后缀,由


-ible+-ity


构成,表示“可?性”



“易?性”



e.g.




responsibility


责任







sensibility


敏感性










resistibility


可抵抗性



He didn



t realize what a ( responsible) ________ he had taken on. (responsibility)



-ible:


形容词后缀,表示“可?的”



“易?的”



e.g.




producible


可生产的









sensible



可感觉的









resistible



可抵抗的





-ic:




形容词后缀,表示“属于?的”


、< /p>


“有?性质的”



“具有?的”



e.g.





romantic



浪漫的







atomic


原子的











poetic


诗的



Some


experts


suggest


that


we


slow


down


the


(economy)_______


growth


in


the


country.


(economic)




-ical:


复合形容词后缀,表 示“属于?的”



“有?性质的”




e.g.



topic --- topical



题目的







logic --- logical


合乎逻辑的





music --- musical



音乐的



The (biology) __________ clocks make plants and animals live in harmony with the rhythms of


nature. (biological)



区分


-ic



-ical


结尾的形容词有的意义不同






comic


戏剧的



--- comical


滑稽的






historic


历史性的


---



historical


历史的





economic


经济(学)的



--- economical



节约的









-ician:


名词后缀,表示“ 精于某种学术的人、专家、能手或从事某种职业的人”




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