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UNIT6
远古以来，
传染病对人类历史有着
引人注目的影响。
传染病影响了
——
并
且受到了经济状况、
战争和自然灾害的影响。
Since time immemorial, infectious
diseases have had a dramatic impact on human
history. They
have
affected
—
and been affected
by
—
economic conditions,
wars, and natural disasters.
确实，
传染病的影响可能远比已知的
灾害大得多。
1918
年席卷全球的流感流行使
2
千万～
5
千万人丧生，是第
一次世界大战死亡人数的
2
～
5
倍。
ndeed,
the
impact
of
infectious
diseases
can
be
far
greater
than
better-known
calamities.
An
epidemic
of
influenza
that
swept
the
globe
in
1918
killed
from
20
million
to
50
million
people
—
two to
five times more deaths than were caused by World
War I.
无论是新老传染病，继续在全球影响平民百姓
。全球每小时就有
1 500
人因传染病死去这一
事实表明，传染病依然是全球的主要死因。
Infectious diseases, whether old or
new, continue to affect citizens worldwide. The
fact that 1,500
people die each hour as
a result of infectious diseases indicates that
infectious diseases remain a
dominant
cause of death.
近
100
< br>年来，
人类开发出各种抗生素以便控制和根除传染病。
随
着
20
世纪
60
年代新型抗菌
药物和疫苗的开发，科学界曾认为可以宣称战胜了致病菌。
Over
the
past
100
years,
humans
have
developed
various
antibiotics
in
order
to
control
and
eradicate infectious
diseases. With the development of new classes of
antimicrobials and vaccines
in the
1960s, the scientific community thought it could
claim victory over microbes.
但是
40
多年后我们还将继续与像疟疾、结核病、麻疹、艾
滋病、禽流感等新老传染病作斗
争。
Yet some 40 years later, we continue to
struggle with old and new infectious diseases like
malaria,
tuberculosis, measles,
HIV
, and bird flu.
值得汲取的一个教训
是：
在继续研发疫苗和疗法的同时，
国际社会必须在监测、
检测和早期
应对体系方面共同合作来与传染性疾病作斗争。
A worthwhile lesson is that,
while continuing research and development of
vaccines and therapies,
the
international community must cooperate in
surveillance, testing, and early response systems
to
combat infectious diseases.
1. Many women artists
complain that their work ___is not taken
seriously_(
没得到严肃对待
).
2.
___Only
by
soaking
yourself
in
the
details_(<
/p>
只有靠沉浸于细节里
)
can
you
gain
a
thorough
understanding of
the subject.
3. We had no
reason to _suspect that he might try to kill
himself
__(
猜疑他可能试图自杀
).
4. Tropical fevers can _
sweep through whole populations
(
迅速袭击全体人群
) in a remarkably
short time.
5.
The
amount
of
money
spent
on
treating
disease
is
in
sharp
contrast
to
that
spent
on
preventi
on(
与用在预防上的资金形成鲜明对比
).
6. The worry over the likelihood of
breast cancer prompted her to have a genetic
testing
(
促使她去做遗传检测
).
7.
It’s
amazing
how
soon
the
pathogen
_
adapts
to
its
new
surroundi
ngs(
适应其新的环境
)
to
survive.
8. His ears are so
sensitive that they can pick up very faint sounds(
很灵敏可以听到非常微弱的
声音
)
from a long way away.
9.
The
doctor
will
attach
a
special
monitor
to(
把专门的监听器系缚在
)
the
pregnant
woman’s
stomach so that she
can list
en to the baby’s
heart.
10. His share was
more than all the others put together
(
比所有其他的合在一起还多
).
UNIT7
干细胞是所有身体组织的来源，
< br>能够自身复制，
或成为构建一个生物所必需的任何类型的细
胞。我们的成长和发展——从单一细胞到成熟的成人——起源于并由干细胞来维持。
Stem cells, source of all body tissues,
can replicate themselves or make any type of cell
required to
build an organism. Our
growth and development
—
from
single cell to mature
adult
—
arises from
and is maintained by stem cells.
此外，
干细胞能为生物学研究和医疗
提供强大的工具。
科学家们正在研究在医学中利用干细
胞的两种
主要方式。
Moreover,
stem
cells
may
provide
powerful
tools
for
biological
research
and
medical
ists
are investigating two primary approaches to using
stem cells in medicine.
第
1
种方式涉及到培育可移植来同特定疾病作斗争的干细胞。
第
2
种涉及了解利用身体自身
< br>提供干细胞
,
用作治疗各种疾病的出发点。
The
first approach involves developing stem cells that
could be transplanted to combat a specific
disease. The second approach involves
learning to use the body
’
s
own supply of stem cells, which
could
serve as starting points in therapy for a wide
variety of medical conditions.
干细胞研究引起了
很多争议。
很大部分争议是围绕着研究中使用的干细胞的来源。
一些反对
使用胚胎干细胞的人指出科研人员可以依靠其他来源。
Stem
cells
research
has
stirred
considerable
controversy.
In
large
part,
the
controversy
revolves
around the source of stem cells used in
research. Some people who oppose the use of
embryonic
stem cells point out that
scientific investigators could rely on other
sources.
种种身体组织，
包括骨髓和脐带血，
也能提供干细胞。然而，
这些组织产生的干细胞是否在
其多用性和治疗人类疾病的潜能方面比得上胚胎细胞，还无人知晓。
A variety of body
tissues
—
including bone
marrow and blood from an umbilical
cord
—
can also
provide
stem
cells.
However,
no
one
knows
if
these
tissues
produce
stem
cells
that
equal
embryonic cells in their versatility
and thus in their potential for treating human
disease.
1.
Nurses
went
back
and
forth
among
the
wounded(
护士们在伤
员中来回走动
),
bringing
food
and medicine.
2.
They
are
determined
to
press
ahead
with
their
research
project
(
奋力推进他们的研究项目
)
despite opposition from some medical
ethicists.
3. I
’
m
sure that most doctors will approve of using stem
cells_ (
赞成使用干细胞
) for medical
research.
4. The Football
Association is likely tocall for a ban on
alcohol(
要求禁酒
) at football
games.
5. Those rockets were built at a
time when ___space technology was still in its inf
ancy(
空间技术
还处于初期
).
6.
The
evidence
before
us
points
clearly
to
the
side-
effects(
清楚地表明副作用
)
of
the
new
painkilling drug.
7. Recent
findings suggest that crime victimsbenefit from
talking about their experiences(
受益于
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