现代大学英语精读5第三课中文对照

在

1 9

世纪，

邮政服务、

报纸、横跨大陆的 铁路及巨大的蒸汽轮船带来了根本变化。电报、电话、收音机和电视

把个人和外部世界更 紧密地连在一起，这种联系更为复杂、不那么直接也不易察觉。

现在，计算机、互联网、移动电话、有线电视和相对便宜的喷气式飞机空运加速了这种

联系并使这种联系更加复杂。

,

the

basic

dynamic

remains

the

same:

Goods

move.

People

move.

Ideas

m

ove.

And

cultures

change.

The

difference

now

is

the

speed

and

scope

of

these

change

s.

It

took

television

13

years

to

acquire

50

million

users;

the

Internet

took

only

five.

然而，

产生这种变化的动力是一致的：

商品流通、

人 员流动、

观念转变、

文化变迁。

不同的 是这些变化的速度和范围。

电视机拥有

5,000

万用户用了

13

年时间，

互 联网只用

了

5

年时间。

4.

Not

everyone

is

happy

about

this.

Some

Western

social

scientists

and

anthropo

logists,

and

not

a

few

foreign

politicians,

believe

that

a

sort

of

cultural

cloning

will

r

esult

from

what

they

regard

as

the

assault

of

McDonald's,

Coca-Cola,

Disne

y,

Nike,

MTV,

and

the

English

language

itself

—

more

than

a

fifth

of

all

the

people

in

1

/

10

the

world

now

speak

English

to

some

degree.

Whatever

their

backgrounds

or

agenda

s,

these

critics

are

convinced

that

Western

—

often

equated

with

Amer ican

—

influences

will

flatten

every

cultural

crease,

producing,

as

one

observer

terms

it,

one

big

rld.

< br>对这种变化并不是人人满意。

一些西方社会学家、

人类学 家和为数不少的外国政治

家认为文化．

克隆是他们所认为的麦当 劳、

可口可乐、

迪斯尼、

耐克和

MTV“

文化轰炸

”

的结果，

也是英语语言本身的结果，因为现在全球多于五分之一人口都或多或少地讲英< /p>

语。不管他们的背景和纲领如何

,

这些 对全球化持反对态度的人深信西方的影响

…

往往

等同于美国的影响

...

会 把文化上的差异

—

一压平。

就像一位观 察家所说的，

最终产生一

个麦当劳世界，一个充斥美国货和体现 美国价值观的世界。

r

factions

sprout

to

exploit

nationalist

anxieties.

In

China,

where

xenopho

bia

and

economic

ambition

have

often

struggled

for

the

upper

hand,

a

recent

book

cal

led

China

can

say

no

became

the

best- seller

by

attacking

what

it

considers

the

Chines

e

willingness

to

believe

blindly

in

foreign

things,

advising

Chinese

travelers

to

not

fly

on

a

Boeing

777

and

suggesting

that

Hollywood

be

burned,

反映公众情绪

(

或得到公众支持

)

的派别不断滋生以便利用 持此观点的国民的焦虑

和不安。在闭关锁国和发展经济两种政策并存并争取其主控地位的 中国，

《中国可以说

不》这本新书成为畅销书，这本书对中国人 的盲目崇洋媚外心理进行了，批驳，建议中

国游客不要乘坐波音

777

飞机，还建议烧掉进口的好莱坞大片。

are

many

Westerners

among

the

denouncers

of

Western

cultural

influence

s,

but

James

Watson,

a

Harvard

anthropologist,

isn't

one

of

them.

lives

of

Chine

se

villagers

I

know

are

infinitely

better

nowthan

they

were

30

years

ago,

he

says.

China

has

become

more

open

partly

because

of

the

demands

of

ordinary

people.

They

want

to

become

part

of

the

world

—

I

would

say

globalism

is

the

major

force

for

de

mocracy

in

China.

People

want

refrigerators,

stereos,

CD

players.

I

feel

it's

a

moral

o

bligation

not

to

say:

?Those

people

out

there

should

continue

to

live

in

a

museum

w

hile

we

will

have

showers

that

work.'

对西方文化影 响持斥责态度的人中有许多西方人．而哈佛人类学家詹姆斯

·

沃 森并

不是其中一员。他说：

“

我知道现 在中国农村人的生活比

30

年前的好多了。中国越来越

开放，

部分原因是出于中国老百姓的要求。他们想成为世界的一部分

---

我要说全球观念

在中国是民主的重要 动力。人们需要冰箱、音响和

CD

机。

?

远在中国的那些人应该继

续过着落后的生活，而我们却可以使 用淋浴器，过着舒适的现代生活

?

。我认为不说这

种话是一种道义。

”

nization,

I

discovered

over

months

of

study

and

travel,

is

a

phenomenon

shot

through

with

inconsistencies

and

populated

by

very

strange

bedfellows.

Critics

o

f

Western

culture

blast

Coke

and

Hollywood

but

not

organ

transplants

and

computers.

Boosters

of

Western

culture

can

point

to

increased

efforts

to

preserve

and

protect

the

environment.

Yet

they

make

no

mention

of

some

less

salubrious

aspects

of

Western

culture,

such

as

cigarettes

and

automobiles,

which,

even

as

they

are

being

eagerlyadop

ted

in

the

developing

world,

are

having

disastrous

effects.

Apparently

westernization

is

not

a

straight

road

to

hell,

or

to

paradise

either.

经过几个多月的研究和旅行，

我发现西方化是一种内部充满矛盾的现象，

在特别怪

异 之人中占有一席之地。

西方文化批评家斥责可乐和好莱坞，却不斥责器官移植和计算

机。

西方文化支持者指出继续努力保护环境，

但他们不提西方文化中不那么健康的一面，

2

/

10

譬如香烟和汽车，就在发展 中国家急切地接纳这些东西时，它们已带来很坏的后果。显

然，西方化既不会直达地狱， 也不会直通天堂。

I

also

discovered

that

cultures

are

as

resourceful,

resilient,

and

unpredictabl

e

as

the

people

who

compose

them.

In

Los

Angeles,

the

ostensible

fountainhead

of

w

orld

cultural

degradation,

I

saw

more

diversity

than

I

could

ever

have

supposed

—

at

H

ollywood

High

School

the

student

body

represents

32

different

languages.

In

Shanghai

I

found

that

the

television

show

Sesame

Street

has

been

redesigned

by

Chinese

educ

ators

to

teach

Chinese

values

and

traditions.

borrowed

an

American

box,

one

tol

d

me,

put

Chinese

content

into

it.

In

India,

where

there

are

more

than

400

lan

guages

and

several

very

strict

religions,

McDonald's

serves

mutton

instead

of

beef

and

offers

a

vegetarian

menu

acceptable

to

even

the

most

orthodox

Hindu.

不 过我也发现文化就如同构成文化的民族一样，

善于随机应变，

富 有弹性而且不可

预测。在洛杉矶，世界文化堕落明显的源头，我看到的差异要比我想像的 多

——

在好莱

坞高中学生说

种完全不同的语言。在上海，我发现

“

芝麻街

”

这一电视节目已被中国

教育家重新改组，用以传授中国人的价值观和传统习惯。一位教育家对我说：

“

我们借

用美国盒子，

装进去的是中国 内容。

”

在有

400

< br>多种语言和几种纪律严明的宗教的印度，

麦当劳供应的是羊肉汉堡而不是牛肉汉堡 ，还为那些最正统的印度人提供素食菜谱。

critical

mass

of

teenagers

—

800

million

in

the

world,

the

most

there

have

ever

been

—

with

time

and

money

to

spend

is

one

of

the

powerful

engines

of

merging

global

cultures.

Kids

travel,

they

hang

out,

and

above

all

they

buy

stuffm.

I'm

sorry

to

say

I

failed

to

discover

who

was

the

first

teenager

to

put

his

baseball

cap

on

bac

kward.

Or

the

first

one

to

copy

him.

But

I

do

know

that

rap

music,

which

sprang

fr

om

the

inner-city

ghettos,

began

making

big

money

only

when

rebellious

white

teenag

ers

started

buying

it.

But

how

can

anyone

predict

what

kids

are

going

to

want?

Com

panies

urgently

need

to

know,

so

consultants

have

sprung

up

to

forecast

trends.

They'r

e

called

hunters,

and

Amanda

Freeman

took

me

in

hand

one

morning

to

explai

n

how

it

works.

许多既有时间又有钱的青少年

---

全世界共 有

8

亿

---

是融合全球文化的关键及主要

力量之一。孩子们爱旅行、闲逛，重要的是他们买东西。很 遗憾我没能发现哪个青少年

第一个倒戴垒球帽，

哪个青少年第一 个模仿他，但是我确实知道最先出现在市内黑人区

的说唱乐就是在有叛逆精神的白人青少 年开始买票观看时才开始赚大钱的。

然而，

人们

又会如何预测孩子们需要什么呢

?

许多公司迫切想要了 解孩子们的需要，因此出现了顾

问，

他们预测将来的趋势，

被称之为

“

猎酷者

”

。

阿曼达

·

弗里德曼一天上午向我讲述了其

中的奥秘。

,

who

is

22,

works

for

a

New

York-based

company

called

Youth

Intel

ligence

and

has

come

to

Los

Angeles

to

conduct

one

of

three

annual

surveys,

whose

results

go

to

such

clients

as

Sprint

and

MTV.

She

has

shoulder- length

brown

hair

and

is

wearing

a

knee- length

brocade

skirt

and

simple

black

wrap

top.

Amanda

looks

very

cool

to

me,

but

she

says

no.

funny

thi

ng

about

my

work

is

that

you

don't

have

to

be

cool

to

do

it,

she

says.

just

h

ave

to

have

the

eye.

阿曼达

22

岁，在其基地设在纽约的一家叫作< /p>

“

青年情报

”

的 公司工作，她到洛杉矶

进行调查，调查的结果要通报给公司很多重要的客户。她留着披肩 的棕发，穿着一条长

3

/

10

及膝盖的织锦短裙。

在我看来，

阿曼达打扮得很酷，

但她自己并不这样认为。

< br>她说：

“

我

的工作有趣之处就在 于做此工作你不必扮酷，你得有眼光。

”

go

to

a

smallish

?50s-style

diner

in

Los

Feliz,

a

slightly

seedy

pocket

eas

t

of

Hollywood

that

has

just

become

trendy.

Then

we

wander

through

a

few

of

the

t

hrift

shops.

it's

not

going

to

be

affordable,

Amanda

remarks,

never

going

to

catch

on.

．我们去了一家小一点的、

50

年代式样的餐馆，这家餐馆位于好莱坞东面一个比

较破落的区域，< /p>

这个区域刚刚成为时尚聚集点。

然后我们去逛了几家旧货店。

阿曼达说：

“

如果人们买不起，那它就不会 流行起来。

”

trends

does

she

see

forming

now?

the

home

is

becoming

more

of

a

s

ocial

place

again.

And

travel's

huge

right

now

—

you

go

to

a

place

and

bring

stuff

bac

k.

现在她看到将要形成的流行趋势了吗

?“

家正在成为 一个社交的地方，

眼下旅行正热

——

人 们到某地去，买回来许多东西。

”

13.

really

hard

to

be

original

these

days,

so

the

easiest

way

to

come

up

with

new

stuff

is

to

mix

things

that

already

exist.

Fusion

is

going

to

be

the

huge

term

th

at

everybody's

going

to

use,

she

concludes.

going

to

be

more

blending,

like

Spanish

music

and

punk

—

things

that

ar

e

so

unrelated.

她最后说 ：

“

现今创新极为困难，因此最容易的办法就是把现存的东西捏 在一起，

拿出一个新玩意儿来。

融合将会成为人人都要使用的大 词，将来会有越来越多的毫不相

关的东西融合在一起，如西班牙乐和蓬克乐。

Angeles

is

fusion

central,

where

cultures

mix

and

morph.

Take

Tom

Slop

er

and

mah-jongg.

Tom

is

a

computer

geek

who

is

also

a

mah-jongg

fanatic.

This

bei

ng

America,

he

has

found

a

way

to

marry

these

two

passions

and

sell

the

result.

He

has

designed

a

software

program,

Shanghai:

Dynasty,

that

enables

you

to

play

mah- jo

ngg

on

the

Internet.

This

ancient

Chinese

game

involves

both

strategy

and

luck,

and

i

t

is

still

played

all

over

Asia

in

small

rooms

that

are

full

of

smoke

and

the

ceaseless

click

of

the

chunky

plastic

tiles

and

the

fierce

concentration

of

the

players.

It

is

also

played

by

rich

society

women

at

country

clubs

in

Beverly

Hills

and

in

apartments

o

n

Manhattan's

Upper

West

Side.

But

Tom,

50,

was

playing

it

at

his

desk

in

Los

Ang

eles

one

evening

in

the

silence

of

a

nearly

empty

office

building.

洛杉矶是融合中心，

各种文化在这里交汇并有所改变。

以汤姆< /p>

·

斯洛珀和麻将为例：

汤姆是个计算机怪 才，同时还是个麻将迷。由于这是美国，所以他找到了把这两种爱好

结合在一起的方式并 把自己的成果出售。

他设计了一个人们可以在互联网上玩麻将的软

件程序，这个程序叫做

“

上海：帝国

”

。玩这种老式中国麻将既需要技巧又需要运气。亚

洲人仍然在 小屋子里玩麻将，

屋子里弥漫着烟雾，

到处都能听到麻将牌相互 撞击所发出

的不绝于耳的喀哒声。玩家们精神高度集中。居住在比弗利山

(

美国加利福尼亚州西南

部城市，好莱坞影星集居地< /p>

)

和曼哈顿上西城公寓里的有钱女人们也在俱乐部里玩麻将。

然而，一天晚上，在洛杉矶，

50

岁的汤姆 一个人坐在办公桌旁，在寂静、空旷的办公大

楼里玩麻将。

ly,

he

only

appeared

to

be

alone.

His

glowing

computer

screen

showed

a

game

already

in

progress

with

several

habitual

partners:

Whale,

a

man

from

4

/

10

Germany,;

Russ,

from

Ohio;

Freddyboy,

a

Chinese-American

who

lives

in

Edina,

Min

nesota.

Tom

played

effortlessly

as

we

talked.

事实上，他只是看上去是一个人。他那亮着的计算机屏幕表明麻将已经玩起来了，

其他几个参与者都是老牌友。他们是德国人

“

蓝鲸< /p>

”

、俄亥俄州的拉斯和住在明尼苏达州

的 美籍华人弗雷迪。我们一边谈着话，汤姆一边毫不费力地在玩麻将。

16.

learned

about

11

different

styles

of

mah- jongg,

he

told

me

with

that

det

ached

friendliness

of

those

whose

true

connection

is

with

machines.

are

a

cou

ple

of

different

ways

of

playing

it

in

America.

We

usually

play

Chinese

mah-jongg.

汤姆对我的态度很友好，

但那是那种超然的友好，

他的兴趣在 连线的计算机上。

他

对我说：

“

我已掌握了

11

种麻将的玩法。在美国有几种 不同麻将的玩法。我们常打中国

式麻将。

”

17.I

watched

the

little

tiles,

like

cards,

bounce

around

the

screen.

As

Tom

playe

d,

he

and

his

partners

conversed

by

typing

short

comments

to

each

other.

我看着小小麻将牌像纸牌一样在屏幕上弹来弹去 。

汤姆边玩边打字，

和牌友简短交

流牌 局情况。

he

ever

play

with

real

people?

“Oh

yeah,”

Tom

replied.

“

Once

a

week

at

the

office

in

the

evening,

and

Thursday

at

lunch.”

A

new

name

appeared

on

the

screen.

“There?s

Fred?s

mother.

Can?t

be,

they?

re

in

Vegas.

Oh,

it

must

be

his

siste

r.

TJ?s

online

too,

she?s

the

one

from

Wales-a

real

night

owl.

She?s

getting

married

soon,

and

she

lived

with

her

fiance,

and

sometimes

he

gets

up

and

says

?

Get

off

that

damn

comput

er!?”