摘要常用句型及其翻译

四、摘要常用句型（

Sentence Patterns Used in English Abstracts

）

论文摘要作为一种比较严肃的文本，在内容的安排上有一定的规律，结构有比较固定

的格式。例如温哥华格式（

Vancouver

Format

）是撰写医学英语论文摘要的基本格式，撰

写其他研究领域的英语论文摘要时也可以参照 。

█

Basic Sentence Patterns

Part I To state the purpose of the experiments

It is the purpose of this article to

The primary purpose of this review/investigation is to

The objectives of this study were to

This report is intended to

In this study, an attempt was made to

analyzed

explore

studied

evaluate

In order to

, we/the authors

performe

compare

d

investigate

surveyed

in/among

Part

Ⅱ

To state the background of the experiments

We/The authors have confirmed the previous observation that

It has been reported that

Previous studies have shown that

has/have been associated with

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A few comparisons have been made between

Part

Ⅲ

To state the methods of the experiments

isolated

and

was/were

analyzed

measured

investigate

by using

by the method of/the use of/

measurement

test/

by

techniques

of

/with

the

d

was/were

diagnosed

performed

Using

, we demonstrated

Using

, we found that

shows

indicates

A recent

Study by X

demonstrates

proves

provides

concerning

that

information

Part

Ⅳ

To state the results of the experiments

It was found that

failed to show

was/were significantly associated with/related to/correlated with

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was/were in inverse proportion to

directly proportional to

relationshi

There

was

no

p

association

correlation

between

and

strong/inverse

The results showed/revealed/indicated/presented that

detail

Th

s

e

s

of

are presented.

result

Part V To state the discussion and conclusion

We suggest/believe/conclude/recommend that

We propose

to do

results

findings

indicate that

demonstrate that

Our/These/T

he

observation

s

prove that

data

support that

research

provide information concerning

investigatio

ns

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It is suggested/recommended/advised

On the basis of

we conclude that

From these results, it is concluded that

Recent research indicates that

六、摘要英译（

Abstract Translation

）

在翻译英文摘要时，有以下几个问题应加以注意。

1

、语态

在翻译英文摘要时，一般采用第三人称的被动语态。采用被动 语态可以避免提及有关

的执行者，

使行文显得客观。同时，

被动语态的句子在结构上有较大的调节余地，

有利于采用

必要的修辞手段，

扩大句子的信息量；

有利于推出有关的概念、

问题、事 实和结论等内容。

[

例

1]

本文提出了一种采用偏微分方程技术求

RF

散射问题解的方法。

采用主动语态：

This

paper

presents

the

method

of

using

partial

differential

equation

techniques for the solution of RF scattering problems.

采用被动语态：

The method of using partial differential equation techniques for the solution

of RF scattering problems is presented in this paper.

采用被动语态描述证实方法的过程，突出事实的客观性。如：

[

例

2]

对变压器及其周围的八分之一空间进行了电磁场计算：

The

magnetic

field

computation

was

carried

out

in

one

octant

of

the

transformer structure and its surrounding space.

但是，有时采用主动语态比被动语态在结构上更加简练，表达更为直接有力，可以突

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出动词所表达的内容。

所以经验丰富的科技论文作者写论文时会恰当地使用主动语态。

在他们的文章中，

25%

的句子采用主动语态。

在下列情况下被动语态常被采用：

态比使用主动语态更能造出简单的句子；

一般

使用被动语

描述

把某个词语当 作句子的主语以便强调这个词；

某种标准化的过程，而过程的 执行者又无关紧要时；实验报告中描述实验程序。

2

、时态

英文科技论文摘要所采用的时态有：一般现在时，一般过去时和现在完成时。由于摘

要是以介绍性叙述为主的文体，

所以一般现在时是使用最广泛的时态，

主要用于陈述性、

资

介绍科学或技术研究项

现在，

把摘要各

料性文摘中。

一般过去时主要用于说明某一项具体项目的开发情况，

目的资料。

现在完成时说明论文的发展背景、

部分动词时态的使用规则分述如下：

）

1

在叙述研究目的或主要的研究活动时，

介绍业已结束的研究项目等。

如果文 章采用“研究导向”

（把研究活动当作焦

点）

< br>，

则应使用过去式；而如果文章采用“论文导向”

（

把研究论文本身当作焦点）

，则应使用

现在式。举例如下：

[

例

3]

This

article

reviews

the

pertinent

biology

of

these

viruses

and

recent

（论文导向）

studies of their possible role in systemic lupus erythematosus.

This study investigated the distances at which subjects prefer to work in

VDU tasks that require frequent gaze-shifting between the VDU screen and a

paper document.

（研究导向）

有的作者采用结构式摘要写法，如：

[

例

4]

Object

（目的）：

To study the incidence of Grave

’

s disease and associated

factors.

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