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汉译英的基本规则

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-10 07:25
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2021年2月10日发(作者:linearization)


英语句子乍看错综复杂,


千变万化,


短句短到只 一个字,


长句长达几行。


例如美国诗人


Robert


Frost


的《


The Silken Tent


》全诗十四行,仅是一句话。其实仔细分析,英语句子就是如下 五


种基本句型的扩展与缩小。




1



S + V (


主语



+


谓语


)


e.g. Good record will help.



2



S + V + P (


主语



+


谓语



+


表语


)


e.g. I am a student.



3



S + V + O (


主语



+


谓语



+


宾语


)


e.g. Practice needs great effort.



4



S + V + O + O(


主语



+


谓语



+


间接宾语



+


直接宾语


)


e.g. She gave me some books.



5



S + V + O + OC(


主语



+


谓语



+


宾语



+


宾补


)


e.g. That news made her happy.


我们要牢牢掌握这五个基本句型,这是基 本功之基本功。


动笔之前,仔细阅读原句,确切理


解原句内容, 抓住全句中心,搞清楚各个部分之间的关系。然后把句子缩小了再缩小,


缩小

< p>
到只剩下以上五个基本句型中的主要成分。先心译,再笔译。


在心译过程中 ,


从基本句型开


始,一步步扩大句子,添加修饰成分,直至完整 ,再笔译。




1



“就在文戈获释之前,他给妻子写了一封信,问她是否 愿意让他回去。




第一步



把句子缩小到只剩主要成分,但句子仍然通顺。



“文戈写了一封信。




Vingo wrote a letter.


第二步



增加修饰成分,扩大句子。



“文戈给 妻子写了一封信。



Vingo wrote a letter to his wife.


第三步



再扩大句子。



“就在文戈获释之前, 他给妻子写了一封信。



Just


before


he


was


released


from


jail,


Vingo


wrote a letter to his wife.


第四步



再扩大句子,直至完整,最后笔译。



“就在文戈获释之前,他给妻子写了一封信,问她是否愿意让他回去。




Just before he was


released from jail, Vingo wrote a letter to his wife asking if she would have him back.



2


< br>“体育代表团团长在少先队员向他献上一束鲜花时愉快地笑了。


”思维方法同上。




1




The head of the delegation beamed.



2




The head of the sports delegation beamed.



3




The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight.



4




The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight when a young pioneer presented


him with a bunch of flowers.



3



“老人读完后失望之极,竟用 颤抖的手指把它撕得粉碎。





1




The old man was disappointed.



2




After reading the letter, the old man was disappointed.



3




After reading the letter, the old man was so disappointed that he tore it into little bits.



4




After reading the letter, the old man was so disappointed that he tore it into little bits


with his trembling fingers.




4



“在讨论这个问题之前,我要给你们读点东西。


< br>



1




I’


ll read you something.



2




Before the question is discussed,


I’


ll read you something.

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