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英语句子乍看错综复杂,
千变万化,
短句短到只
一个字,
长句长达几行。
例如美国诗人
Robert
Frost
的《
The
Silken Tent
》全诗十四行,仅是一句话。其实仔细分析,英语句子就是如下
五
种基本句型的扩展与缩小。
(
1
)
S +
V (
主语
+
谓语
)
e.g. Good
record will help.
(
2
)
S +
V + P (
主语
+
谓语
+
表语
)
e.g. I am a
student.
(
3
)
S +
V + O (
主语
+
谓语
+
宾语
)
e.g. Practice
needs great effort.
(
4
)
S +
V + O + O(
主语
+
谓语
+
间接宾语
+
直接宾语
)
e.g. She
gave me some books.
(
5
)
S +
V + O + OC(
主语
+
谓语
+
宾语
+
宾补
)
e.g. That
news made her happy.
我们要牢牢掌握这五个基本句型,这是基
本功之基本功。
动笔之前,仔细阅读原句,确切理
解原句内容,
抓住全句中心,搞清楚各个部分之间的关系。然后把句子缩小了再缩小,
缩小
到只剩下以上五个基本句型中的主要成分。先心译,再笔译。
在心译过程中
,
从基本句型开
始,一步步扩大句子,添加修饰成分,直至完整
,再笔译。
例
1
:
“就在文戈获释之前,他给妻子写了一封信,问她是否
愿意让他回去。
”
第一步
把句子缩小到只剩主要成分,但句子仍然通顺。
“文戈写了一封信。
”
Vingo wrote a letter.
第二步
增加修饰成分,扩大句子。
“文戈给
妻子写了一封信。
”
Vingo wrote a
letter to his wife.
第三步
再扩大句子。
“就在文戈获释之前,
他给妻子写了一封信。
”
Just
before
he
was
released
from
jail,
Vingo
wrote
a letter to his wife.
第四步
再扩大句子,直至完整,最后笔译。
“就在文戈获释之前,他给妻子写了一封信,问她是否愿意让他回去。
”
Just before he was
released from jail, Vingo wrote a
letter to his wife asking if she would have him
back.
例
2
:
< br>“体育代表团团长在少先队员向他献上一束鲜花时愉快地笑了。
”思维方法同上。
(
1
)
The head of the delegation beamed.
(
2
)
The head of the sports delegation
beamed.
(
3
)
The head of the sports delegation
beamed with delight.
(
4
)
The head of the sports delegation
beamed with delight when a young pioneer presented
him with a bunch of flowers.
例
3
:
“老人读完后失望之极,竟用
颤抖的手指把它撕得粉碎。
”
(
1
)
The old man was disappointed.
(
2
)
After reading the letter, the old man
was disappointed.
(
3
)
After reading the letter, the old man
was so disappointed that he tore it into little
bits.
(
4
)
After reading the letter, the old man
was so disappointed that he tore it into little
bits
with his trembling fingers.
例
4
:
p>
“在讨论这个问题之前,我要给你们读点东西。
”
< br>
(
1
)
I’
ll read you something.
(
2
)
Before the question is discussed,
I’
ll read you something.
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