视听进阶4 答案及文本 Unit (11)

Unit 11

11A

A Precious Resource

Before You Listen

A.

1. c

2. a

3. b

4. b

B.

b

Listening Comprehension

Part One

A.

1. b

2. a

3. d

4. d

5. c

B.

1.

vital not only to the local people but also to countless species of plants and

wildlife

另外，周围

46000

英亩湿地也已经消失。这些湿 地不但对当地居民，而

且对附近无数种植被和野生生物都至关重要。

2.

face

the

same

dilemma

that

has

confronted

the

people

of

Spain;

balance

human needs with the requirements of natural systems that are vital for sustaining life

本世纪，许多国家都将面临西班牙人民的困境：如何平衡人类需求与自

然环境需求之间 的关系，而后者对维持地球生命可持续发展起至关重要的作用。

3.

estimated

1.2

billion

people

drink

unclean

water;

2.5

billion

lack

proper

toilets or waste disposal systems; die each year from diseases related to unclean water

< /p>

现如今，据估计有

12

亿人的饮用水不洁 净，大约

25

亿人没有合适的冲

水厕所 和污水处理系统。每年有超过

500

万人因饮用不洁净的水而死 于相关疾

病。

Part Two

1.

Repaired water pipes; replaced toilets; installed water meters; changed wasteful

showers and water taps.

2.

To prevent water being wasted.

3.

He installed tanks in homes and apartments to provide 190 liters of water a day

free to each household.

4.

Water recycling.

5.

Water conservation is the most effective method to address water shortages.

After You Listen

A.

1.

the world population will surpass 8 billion

2.

discern the seriousness of the situation

3.

because of leaks in their pipes

4.

the rain had replenished the supply

5.

the average amount of water diverted for use in irrigation

B.

Answers will vary.

Water Worries

(Part One)

文本

In the Castile-La Mancha region of south central Spain, Julio Escudero, a 74-year-old

former

fisherman,

fondly

recalls

an

area

on

the

Guadiana

River

called

Los

Ojos

--

his

community

fished

for

carp

and

crayfish.

would

sit

in

my

boat

six

or

seven

meters away and just watch the water coming up,

the moon.

Additionally,

46,000

acres

of

surrounding

wetlands

--

vital

not

only

to

the

local

people but also to countless species of plants and wildlife -- have disappeared.

As

farming

in

the

region

has

increased,

La

Mancha

has

witnessed

an

explosion

of

well digging in the past 40 years that has lowered the water table and diverted water

from

rivers and streams. The number of wells has grown from

1,500 in

1960 to

an

official count of 21,000 today, and some experts say the real number, including illegal

wells, could surpass 50,000.

A Global Problem

La

Mancha

is

just

one

of

many

places

facing

water

shortages.

This

century,

many

countries will face the same dilemma that has confronted the people of Spain: how to

balance

human

needs

with

the

requirements

of

natural

systems

that

are

vital

for

sustaining

life

on

Earth.

The

United

Nations

recently

outlined

the

extent

of

the

problem, saying that 2.7 billion people would face severe water shortages by 2025 if

consumption continues at current rates. Today, an estimated 1.2 billion people drink

unclean

water,

and

about

2.5

billion

lack

proper

toilets

or

waste

disposal

systems.

More than five million people die each year from diseases related to unclean water.

All over the globe, humans are pumping water out of the ground faster than it can be

replenished. In this difficult situation, water conservationists, such as Rajendra Singh

in India and Neil MacLeod in South Africa, are working to find solutions to the water

crisis. Both have found innovative ways to improve their local water situations.

India: A Hero in a Thirsty Land

On arriving at the Indian village of Goratalai, Rajendra Singh was greeted by a group

of about 50 people. He smiled and addressed the villagers:

many

households

do

you

have?

been

four

years

without

much

rain,

you have any spots where a dam could go?

black hair and a thick beard, both with a touch of gray.

two

spots.

the

whole

village

be

willing

to

work

there?

they

all

replied together.

will have to

provide one third of the project

through

your labor,

and the

remaining

two thirds I will arrange.

group hiked to a place in the nearby rocky hills. Singh examined the area, and after a

few

minutes

declared,

is

an

ideal

site.

His

organization

would

provide

the

engineering

advice

and

materials;

the

villagers

would

supply

the

work.

The

30-foot-high earthen dam and reservoir, known as a johad, could be finished in three

months, before the start of the rainy season. If the rains were plentiful, the reservoir

would not only provide supplemental surface water for drinking and agriculture, but

would also replenish dry wells.

the dam will begin to raise the water level in your wells,

Soon

Singh

was

gone,

heading

to

a

nearby

village

that

had

also

requested

help

building a johad. In recent years, Singh's johads have sprung up all over Rajasthan --

an estimated 4,500 dams in about 1,000 villages, all built using local labor and native

materials. His movement has caught on, he says, because it puts control over water in

the hands of villagers.

Singh.

can

manage

rain

in

India

in

traditional

ways,

there

will

be

sufficient

water

for

our

growing population.

A.

Multiple Choice.

Question 1.

Which of these statements about Castile-La Mancha is NOT true?

Question 2.

What is Rajendra Singh's solution to water shortages?

Question 3.

What does Rajendra Singh's organization provide to build dams?

Question 4.

Why is Rajendra Singh's solution to water shortages successful?

Question 5.

Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

B.

Dictation and Translation.

1.

Additionally,

46,000

acres

of

surrounding

wetlands

?vital

not

only

to

the

local

people but also to countless species of plants and wildlife have disappeared.

2.

This century, many countries will face the same dilemma that has confronted the

people

of

Spain:

how

to

balance

human

needs

with

the

requirements

of

natural

systems that are vital for sustaining life on Earth.

3.

Today, an estimated 1.2 billion people drink unclean water, and about 2.5 billion

lack proper toilets or waste disposal systems. More than five million people die each

year from diseases related to unclean water.

best translations.

Water Worries

(Part Two)

文本

South Africa: Waste Not, Want Not

In South Africa, Neil MacLeod took over as head of Durban Metro Water Services in

1992. The situation he found was a catastrophe. Durban had one million people living

in

the

city

and

another

1.5

million

people

who

lived

in

poverty

just

outside

it.

Macleod and his engineers determined that the entire city was rife with broken water

pipes, leaky toilets, and faulty plumbing whereby 42 percent of the region's water was

simply being wasted.

just

ran

down

the

streets,

recalled

Macleod.

for

water

was

growing

four

percent a year, and we thought we'd have to build another dam by 2000.

crews began repairing and replacing water pipes. They put water meters on residences,

replaced eight-liter toilets with four-liter models, and changed wasteful showers and

water taps. To ensure that the poor would receive a basic supply of water, Macleod

installed tanks in homes and apartments to provide 190 liters (50 gallons) of water a

day free to each household.

Water

consumption

in

the

city

of

Durban

is

now

less

than

it

was

in

1996,

even

as

800,000

more

people

have

received

service.

Through

sensible

water

use,

Durban's

conservation

measures

paid

for

themselves

within

a

year.

Macleod

has

assured

the

city

that

no

new

dams

will

be

needed

in

the

coming

decades,

despite

the

expected

addition of about 300,000 inhabitants.

In Durban, Macleod has also turned to water recycling. At the water recycling plant,