TPO句子简化题全集_翻译答案版

翻译原文：为了结构能够到达可达到目的的大小和强度，建筑使用方法来支撑它，因为它们基于物 理法则，自人类发现它

们以来就没怎么变化过，尽管建筑的材料已经变了很多。

句子逻辑关系词：

in order to

because

even

4. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

Unchanging

physical

laws

have

limited

the

size

and

strength

of

buildings

that

can

be

made

with

materials

discovered long ago.

○

Building

materials

have

changed

in

order

to

increase

architectural

size

and

strength

,

but

physical

laws

of

structure have not changed.

○

When people first started to build, the structural methods used to provide strength and size were

inadequate

because they were not based on physical laws.

○

Unlike

building materials, the

methods

of support used in architecture

have not changed

over time

because

they are based on physical laws.

Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer

Estimates

indicate that the aquifer contains enough

water to fill Lake Huron,

but unfortunately, under the semiarid

climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about

half a centimeter a year.

翻译原文：估计指出含水层包含了足以填满

huron

湖的水，但不幸的是在现在存在于该地区的半干旱气候条件下，含水

层增加的速度被最小 化了，大概半厘米一年。

句子逻辑关系词：

but

3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

Despite

the

current

impressive

size

of

the

Ogallala

aquifer,

the

region’s

climate

keeps

the

rates

of

water

addition very small.

○

Although

the

aquifer

has

been

adding

water

at

the

rate

of

only

half

a

centimeter

a

year,

it

will

eventually

accumulate enough water of fill Lake Huron.

○

Because of the region’s present climatic conditions, water is being added each year to the aquifer.

○

Even when the region experiences unfortunate climatic conditions, the rates of addition of water continue to

increase

.

6

The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems

Many ecologists

now

think that the

relative long-term stability

of climax

communities comes not from

diversity

but

from

the

―patchiness‖

of

the

environment,

an

environment

that

varies

from

place

to

place

supports

more

kinds

of

organisms than an environment that is uniform.

翻译原文：许多生态学家现在认为极点社区相对长时间的稳定性并不 是来自于环境的多样性而是“不规则性”，各处都不

同的一个环境比各处都相同的环境相 比能承受更多生物。

句子逻辑关系词：

more

11

．

Which

of

the

sentences

below

best

expresses

the

essential

information

in

the

highlighted

sentence

in

the

passage? Incurred choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

Ecologists now think that the stability of an environment is a result of

diversity rather than patchiness.

○

Patchy environments that vary from place to place

do not

often have high species diversity.

○

Uniform environments c

annot be climax communities

because they do not support as many types of organisms

as patchy environments.

○

A patchy environment is thought to increase stability because it is able to support a wide variety of organisms.

Online Test

Opportunists and Competitors

These

plants

are

termed

opportunists

because

they

rely

on

their

seeds’

falling

into

settings

where

competing

plants

have been removed by natural processes, such as along an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and

creates a gap in the forest canopy.

翻译原文：

这 些植物被视作投机主义者因为它们依赖于种子掉在竞争植物被自然进程移走的环境，

比如 沿着一条被侵蚀的

河堤、在滑坡、或者一棵树倒下时产生的森林树冠的沟。

句子逻辑关系词：

because

6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

Because their seeds grow in places where competing plants are no longer present, dandelions are classified as

opportunists.

○

Dandelions are called opportunists because they

contribute to the natural processes

of erosion and the creation

of gaps in the forest canopy.

○

The

term

opportunists

apply

to

plants

whose

seeds

fall

in

places

where

they

can

compete

with

the

seeds

of

other plants.

○

The term opportunists apply to plants whose

falling seeds are removed by natural processes

.

Electricity from Wind

Large wind farms might also interfere with the flight patterns of migratory birds in certain areas, and they have killed

large birds of prey (especially hawks, falcons, and eagles) that prefer to hunt along the same ridge lines that are ideal

for wind turbines.

7

翻译原文：

大的风力电厂可能会影响在一定区域内迁徙鸟类的飞行轨道，

它们干掉了与在相同对于 风力涡轮十分理想的山

脊航线相同线路上捕食的大的捕食鸟类（尤其是秃鹰、猎鹰、老鹰 ）

句子逻辑关系词：

8.

Which

of

the

sentences

below

best

expresses

the

essential

information

in

the

highlighted

sentence

in

the

passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

Hawks,

falcons,

and

eagles

prefer

to

hunt

along

ridge

lines,

where

wind

turbines

can

kill

large

numbers

of

migratory birds.

○

Wind turbines occasionally cause migratory birds to change their flight patterns

and therefore may interfere

with the

areas where birds of prey prefer to hunt.

○

Some of the best locations for large wind farms are places that may cause problems for migrating birds

and

birds of prey.

○

Large wind farms in certain areas kill hawks, falcons, and eagles and thus might create a more ideal path for

the flight of migratory birds.

TPO-4

Deer Populations of the Puget Sound

In addition to finding an increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game

biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive.

翻译原文：除了找到 合适嫩芽的增加，如

huckleberry

和

vine maple

，

AE

在西北太平洋的长期生物学家还发现了在开放

区域生长的嫩芽更有营养。

句子逻辑关系词：

in addition to

11

．

Which

of

the

sentences

below

best

expresses

the

essential

information

in

the

highlighted

sentence

in

the

passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

Arthur

Einarsen’s

longtime

family

with

the

Pac

ific

Northwest

helped

him

discover

areas

where

deer

had

an

increase in suitable browse.

○

Arthur Einarsen found that deforested feeding grounds provided deer with more and better food.

○

Biologist like Einarsen

believe

it

is

important to find additional open areas

with suitable

browse for deer to

inhabit.

○

According to Einarsen, huckleberry and vine maple are examples of vegetation that may someday

improve the

nutrition of deer

in the open areas of the Pacific Northwest.

Cave Art in Europe

Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of

a human

image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely

depicted in cave art.

翻译原文：可能像许多当代的人前旧石器时代的人们相信对一个人的绘画会导致死亡或受伤，如果那真的是他们 的信仰，

那么就有可能解释为什么人的影像极少在洞穴艺术中被描绘。

< br>

8

句子逻辑关系词：

6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that if they drew a human image in their

cave art, it would cause death or injury.

重点 不对应该是与

depict

有关

○

Many contemporary people believe that the drawing of a human image can cause death or injury, so they,

like

Upper Paleolithic people,

rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.

○

If

Upper

Paleolithic

people,

like

many

contemporary

peoples,

believed

that

the

drawing

of

a

human

image

could cause death or injury, this belief might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.

○

Although many contemporary peoples

believe

that the drawing of a human image can cause death or injury,

researchers

cannot explain

why Upper Paleolithic people rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.

Petroleum Resources

Continued sedimentation

—the process of deposits’ settling on the sea bottom—

buries the organic matter and subjects it

to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas.

翻译原文：

连续的沉淀——即沉淀物沉降到 海底的进程——掩盖了有机物质并使它处于高温高压下，

这使得有机物转化为

句子逻辑关系词：

4

．

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

Higher temperatures and pressures

promote

sedimentation, which is responsible for petroleum formation.

○

Deposits of sediments on top of organic matter increase the temperature of and pressure on the matter.

缺少信

息

○

Increase pressure and heat from the weight of the sediment turn the organic remains into petroleum.

○

The remains of microscopic organisms transform into petroleum

once they are buried under mud.

Offical Model Exam

Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction

Earth is a target in a cosmic shooting gallery, subject to random violent events that were unsuspected a few decades

ago.

翻译原文：地球在宇宙中是一个射击目标，承受着随 机的打击，而几十年前我们还不曾怀疑过它们。

句子逻辑关系词：

11.

Which

of

the

sentences

below

best

expresses

the

essential

information

in

the

highlighted

sentence

in

the

passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

Until recently, nobody realized that Earth is exposed to unpredictable violent impacts from space.

○

In the last few decades, the

risk

of a random violent impact from space has increased.

○

Since most violent events on Earth occur randomly,

nobody can predict when or where they will happen.

○

A few decades ago, Earth

became the target

of random violent events originating in outer space.

9

TPO-5

Mineralsand Plants

This scenario begins with the planting of hyperaccumulating species in the target area, such as an abandoned mine or

an irrigation pond contaminated by runoff.

翻译原文：方案以在特 定区域如废弃矿场或被流出物污染的灌溉水塘里的

hyperaccumulating

的植物开始。

句子逻辑关系词：

begin with

10.

Which

of

the

sentences

below

best

expresses

the

essential

information

in

the

highlighted

sentence

in

the

passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

Before

considering

phytoremediation,

hyperaccumulating

species

of

plants

local

to

the

target

area

must

be

identified.

○

The

investigation

begins

with

an

evaluation

of

toxic

sites

in

the

target

area

to

determine

the

extent

of

contamination.

○

The first step in phytoremediation is the planting of hyperaccumulating plants in the area to be

cleaned up.

○

Mines and irrigation ponds can

be kept from

becoming contaminated by planting hyperaccumulating species

in targeted areas.

The Originofthe Pacific Island People

Contrary to the arguments

of some that

much of the pacific

was

settled

by

Polynesians accidentally

marooned

after

being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set

out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals..

翻译原文：

与一些人认为大部分太平洋地区都被在迷路或漂流后被放逐的波利尼亚人占领的观点不同 ，

这一壮举是由带着

足够食物和当地植物与动物的殖民远征军出 发完成的理论看上去更合理。

句子逻辑关系词：

contrary to

9.

Which

of

the

sentences

below

best

expresses

the

essential

information

in

the

highlighted

sentence

in

the

passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

Some

people

have

argued

that

the

Pacific

was

settled

by

traders

who

became

lost

while

transporting

domesticated plants and animals.

○

The original Polynesian settlers were probably

marooned

on the islands, but they may have been joined later

by carefully prepared colonization expeditions.

○

Although

it

seems

reasonable

to

believe

that

colonization

expeditions

would

set

out

fully

stocked,

t

his

is

contradicted by much of the evidence.

○

The settlement of the Pacific islands was probably intentional and well planned rather than accidental as some

people have proposed.

The Cambrian Explosion

At

one

time,

the

animals

present

in

these

fossil

beds

were

assigned

to

various

modern

animal

groups,

but

most

paleontologists

now

agree

that all Tommotian

fossils

represent

unique body forms that arose in the

early

Cambrian

period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.

10

翻译原文：

这些化石层中的动物曾一度被与现代动物种群联系在一起，

而大多数古生物学家现在都 同意所有的

Tommotian

化石都代表了独特的身体机构， 这种身体结构在早期

Cambrian

时代出现并在结束前消失 ，且并没有留下后代种群。

句子逻辑关系词：

but

9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

The animals

found in the Tommotian

fossil

bed were once thought to belong

to avariety

of

modern animal

groups, but now they are thought to have

descended from a single group.

○

Animals in the Tommotian fossil beds were initially assigned to modern animal groups but are now thought to

belong to groups that emerged and died out during the Cambrian period.

○

Though at first they thought otherwise,

paleontologists

now agree that the animals

in the Tommotian

have

body forms from which

modern animals have descended

.

○

It is

unclear

whether the Tommotian fossils from the early Cambrian period represent unique body forms or

whether they should be assigned to various modern animal groups.

TPO-6

Powering the Industrial Revolution

Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in

Lancashire

and

Scotland

and

ran

grain

mills

as

well

as

textile

mills,

it

had

one

great

disadvantage:

streams

flowed

where nature intended them to, and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location

was desirable for other reasons.

翻译原文：只有最末的这些能够完全适合于持续运行这些机器，且尽管水力在

Lancashire

和苏格兰应用并用于运转磨坊

和纺织场，

它还是有一个巨大的缺点：

河流按自然趋势流动，

水力运转的工厂必须建在它们的河岸上不管这个位置能够满

足其它因素。

句子逻辑关系词：

although

1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information

．

○

Running water was the

best

power source for factories since it could keep machines operating continuously,

but since it was abundant only in Lancashire and Scotland, most mills and factories that were located elsewhere

could not be water driven.

○

The

disadvantage

of

using

waterpower

is

that

streams

do

not

necessarily

flow

in

places

that

are

the

most

suitable

for

factories,

which

explains

why

so

many

water-powered

grain

and

textile

mills

were

located

in

undesirable places.

○

Since

machines

could

be

operated

continuously

only

where

running

water

was

abundant,

grain

and

textile

mills, as well as other factories,

tended to be located only in Lancashire and Scotland

.

○

Running water was the

only

source of power that was suitable for the continuous operation of machines, but to

make use of it, factories had to be located where the water was, regardless of whether such locations made sense

otherwise.

11

William Smith

But

as

more

and

more

accumulations

of

strata

were

cataloged

in

more

and

more

places,

it

became

clear

that

the

sequences of rocks sometimes differed from region to region and that no rock type was ever going to become a reliable

time marker throughout the world.

翻译原文：

区域间石头的衍生物的区别 和世界上没一种石头能够作为可靠

地计时工具这一事实之间的顺序就清晰了。

句子逻辑关系词：

sequence

6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

The discovery of regional differences in the sequences of rocks led geologists to

believe that rock types could

someday become reliable time markers.

没提过

○

Careful analysis of strata revealed that rocks cannot establish geological time because the pattern of rock layers

varies from place to place.

○

Smith's catalogs of rock strata indicated that the sequences of rocks are different from place to place and from

region to region.

漏信息

○

Because people did not catalog regional differences in sequences of rocks,it was believed that rocks could never

be reliable time markers.

全错

Infantile Amnesia

Physiological

immaturity

may

be

part

of

why

infants

and

toddlers

do

not

form

extremely

enduring

memories,

even

when they hear stories that promote such remembering in preschoolers.

翻译原文：

心理上的不成熟可能是婴儿和孩童不会形成特别持久的记忆的部分原因，

即使他们听的是促进学前儿童记忆的

故事。

句子逻辑关系词：

even

11.

Which

of

the

sentences

below

best

expresses

the

essential

information

in

the

highlighted

sentence

in

the

passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

Incomplete

physiological

development

may

partly

explain

why

hearing

stories

does

not

improve

long-term

memory in infants and toddlers.

○

One

reason

why

preschoolers

fail

to

comprehend

the

stories

they

hear

is

that

they

are

physiologically

immature.

○

Given

the

chance

to

hear

stories,

infants

and

toddlers

may

form

enduring

memories

despite

physiological

immaturity.

○

Physiologically mature children seem to have no difficulty remembering stories they heard as

preschoolers

.

TPO-7

The Geologic History of the Mediterranean

As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the

12

Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.

翻译原文：作为地壳的调整和断层的结果，如今连接地 中海和大西洋的直布罗陀海峡打开，水涌回地中海。

句子逻辑关系词：

as a result

10.

Which

of

the

sentences

below

best

expresses

the

essential

information

in

the

highlighted

sentence

in

the

passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades

of water from one sea to the other

caused crustal adjustments and faulting

.

○

The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting

opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.

○

The

cascades

of

water

from

the

Atlantic

to

the

Mediterranean

were

not

as

spectacular

as

the

crustal

adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.

没提

○

As

a

result

of

crustal

adjustments

and

faulting

and

the

creation

of

the

Strait

of

Gibraltar,

the

Atlantic

and

Mediterranean were connected and

became a single sea

with spectacular cascades of water between them.

Ancient Rome and Greece

Like

the

stone

of

Roman

wall,

which

were

held

together

both

by

the

regularity

of

the

design

and

by

that

peculiarly

powerful Roman cement, so the various parts of the Roman realm were bonded into a massive, monolithic entity by

physical, organizational, and psychological controls.

翻译原文：

就如被整齐的设计和强大的罗马水泥共同承接起来的罗马墙的石头一样，

罗马各界也被 通过身体上、

组织上和

思想上的控制形成一个大面积的、整体的 实体。

句子逻辑关系词：

1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

The regularity and power of stone walls

inspired

Romans attempting to unify the parts of their realm.

○

Although

the

Romans

used

different

types

of

designs

when

building

their

walls,

they

used

regular

controls

to

maintain their realm.

○

Several types of control united the Roman realm, just as design and cement held Roman walls together.

○

Romans built walls

to unite the various parts of their realm

into a single entity, which was controlled by powerful

laws.

Agriculture, Iron, and the Bantu Peoples

Unlike in the Americas, where metallurgy was a very late and limited development, Africans had iron from a relatively

early date, developing ingenious furnaces to produce the high heat needed for production and to control the amount of

air that reached the carbon and iron ore necessary for making iron.

翻译原文：

不像冶金学发展起步晚且受限的美洲，

非洲人从相对较早的时期开始就 有了铁，

并发展了精致的火炉来产生生

产需要的高温并控制接触 到铁矿和碳的适宜炼铁的氧气量。

句子逻辑关系词：

unlike

10.

Which

of

the

sentences

below

best

expresses

the

essential

information

in

the

highlighted

sentence

in

the

passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

13

○

While

American

iron

makers

developed

the

latest

furnaces,

African

iron

makers

continued

using

earlier

techniques.

没说

○

Africans produced iron much earlier than Americans, inventing technologically sophisticated heating systems.

○

Iron making developed earlier in Africa than in the Americas because of the

ready availability

of carbon and

iron ore.

○

Both Africa and the Americas developed the capacity for making iron early, but African metallurgy developed

at a

slower rate.

TPO-8

Extinctionofthe Dinosaurs

Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock documenting the

end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic (the era after the Mesozoic).

翻译原文：

许多植物和动物从化石记录 中突然消失，

就如其中一种从白垩纪末期的岩石记录中转移到代表着新生代初期的

岩石中。

句子逻辑关系词：

as

7. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

In correct choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

The fossil record suggests that there was an abrupt extinction of

many

plants

and animals

at the end of

the

Mesozoic era.

○

Few fossils of the

Mesozoic

era have survived in the rocks that mark the end of the Cretaceous.

○

Fossils from the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic up to the beginning of the Cenozoic era have been

removed

from the layers of rock that surrounded them.

○

Plants and animals from the Mesozoic era were unable to survive in the Cenozoic era.

Running Water on Mars?

But

detractors

maintain

that

the

terraces

could

also have

been

created

by

geological

activity,

perhaps

related

to

the

geologic

forces

that

depressed

the

Northern

Hemisphere

far

below

the

level

of

the

south,

in

which

case

they

have

nothing whatever to do with Martian water.

翻译原文：

但批判者坚持梯田也可以由于地质活 动而形成，

可能与压迫北半球使之比南半球低得多的地质力量有关，

在这

种情况下它们就可能与火星水完全无关

句子逻辑关系词：

9.

Which

of

the

sentences

below

best

expresses

the

essential

information

in

the

highlighted

sentence

in

the

passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○

But detractors argue that geological activity may be responsible for the

water associated with the terraces.

○

But detractors argue that the terraces may have been formed by geological activity rather than by the presence

of water.

○

But detractors argue that the terraces may be related to geological forces in the

Northern Hemisphere

of Mars,

rather than to Martian water in the south.

14

○

But detractors argue that geological forces depressed the Northern Hemisphere so far below the level of the

south that the terraces could not have been formed by water.

没提

TPO-9

Colonizing the Americas via the Northwest Coast

Fladmark’s

hypothesis received additional support form from the fact that the

greatest diversity in native

American

languages occurs along the west coast of the Americas, suggesting that this region has been settled the longest.

翻译原文：

Fladmark

的假说从美国西海岸当地语言最多样的事实中得到了额外的证明，指出这一地区被定居得最久。

句子逻辑关系词：

6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways to leave out essential information.

○

Because

this

region

has

been

settled

the

longest,

it

also

displays

the

greatest

diversity

in

Native

American

languages.

○

Fladmark's hypothesis states that the west coast of the Americas has been settled longer than any other region.

重点不对

○

The fact that the greatest diversity of Native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americans

lends strength to Fradmark's hypothesis.

○

According

to

Fladmark,

Native

American

languages

have

survived

the

longest

along

the

west

coast

of

the

Americas.

Reflection in

Teaching

（是什么意思啊）

There

appear

to

be

many

unexplored

matters

about

the

motivation

to

reflect

–

for

example,

the

value

of

externally

motivated reflection as opposed to that of teachers who might reflect by habit.

翻译原 文：看上去有许多关于反射刺激的事情还不清楚：比如与老师由于习惯的反射不同的外部反射刺激的作用。

句子逻辑关系词：

oppose to

11. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information

○

The

practice

of

being

reflective

is

no

longer

simply

a

habit

among

teachers

but

something

that

is

externally

motivated.

○

Most teachers need to explore ways to

form

the habit of reflection even when no external motivation exists.

○

Many

aspects

of

the

motivation

to

reflect

have

not

been

studied,

including

the

comparative

benefits

of

externally motivated and habitual reflection among teachers.

○

There has not been enough exploration of why teachers practice reflection as a habit with or

without external

motivation.

The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii

It

is

significant

that

the

earliest

living

thing

that

built

communities

on

these

islands

are

examples

of

symbiosis,

a

phenomenon

that

depends

upon

the

close

cooperation

of

two

or

more

forms

of

life

and

a

principle

that

is

very

important in island communities.

翻译原文：

最早在这些岛上建立社区的生物是共生的例子是很重要的，

这是一种基于两种或以上 生物的亲密合作关系和在

15