考研英语写作技巧讲义全

2021年2月10日发(作者：lgbt是什么意思啊)

考研英语写作技巧讲义

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作者：

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< br>日期：

如何准备考研英语写作（田育英）

英语写 作对许多考生来说是令人头痛的难题。究其原因，造成写作

困难的因素很多，根据我们对 考生的了解

,

可归结为以下两个主要方面。

第一，在外语学习五项能力——听、说、读、写、译——的训练方

面，学生从中学到大学在听、说、读三项能力方面得到的训练比较多，而在

写的能力上 得到的培养最少，

有时最基本的写句训练都是靠做选择项的形 式

来完成的，很少有真正动手写的机会；因而很多学生在做语法题或改错时有

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敏锐的辨别力，能够找出很复杂的语法错误，可是一旦自己真正动笔写，却

错误多得不得了，而且很多都是最简单最基本的语法错误。所以，平时写的

少，练的少，

是构成写作困难的主要原因。

第二，不少学生缺乏对写作知识和写作技巧的了解和学习。他们一

写作文，就感到脑子空空，不知如何下笔，写起来也是想到哪儿，写到哪儿，有时还东拼西凑，因而

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写作文时，常常是低水平上的重复，提高不快。如果能了解和学习一些英语写作知识，加上适当的指

导和训练，写作水平会很快得到提高。

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国硕士生入学英语 考试大纲对短文写作做了明确的规定。考生要根

据所给题目、素材、写作提纲、规定情景 或图表等在４０分钟内写出不少于

１５０词的短文。要求内容切题，表达清楚，意义连贯 ，语言比较规范。

根据大纲的要求，考生要想在短文写作中取得高分，首先要具备两

方面的英语基本功：一 是较强的句子表达水平，句子要写正确、表达准确到

位，要有一定的英语修辞知识。二要 具备英语语篇写作知识，这样才能适应

不同类型的命题，主动灵活有条理地运用自己的语 言知识和能力写好短文。

此外，考生还应对作文考题有一定的了解，知己知彼才能稳操胜 券。

考题特点：

（１）

作文选材均为热门话题并贴近生活

作 文选题范围均为当今社会的热门话题，从电视广告到希望工程，从父

母与子女的关系到拥 有健康的重要性，从世界烟民现状到近年盛行一时的

“承诺”，环境保护，无不反映了当 前公众最为关注的事。

（２）

文体多为说明文与议论文

说明文和议 论文用途较广，我们平时接触的文章、报纸、信件等等多为

这两种体裁。在工作岗位上所 撰写的材料大多也是说明或议论文。因而考这

种体裁的写作比较符合实际需要。

（

３）

出题形式趋于多样化

１９９１年至１９９６年的作文题一直呈一种模式，直到１９９７年

才被打破。这一变革显示了国家教委对提高考生的实际运用语言能力的重

视，同时也 要求考生要在多写多练上下功夫，这样才能在作文考试中夺取高

分。

提高笔头表达能力是关键：

我们希望广大考生要在切实提高英语写作水平上下功夫，不能靠扣

题、押题或背诵一些短文应付考试，其结果必然与希望的相差甚远。背诵是

学习英语的 一种好方法，但仅靠背诵来提高英语写作水平是不够的。写作水

平的提高还是要靠亲自动 笔写，多写多练，把学到的语言知识运用在写作中

去。考生可以参考以下方法进行写作练 习。

1

．

多读范文

多读范文能使考生了解写作 方法，写作的常用词汇，记住其中一些比较

好的用法。

2

．

多写作文

12

月前应该每周写一篇作文并且要把每一篇写好，不要在一个水平上反

复重复，要力争写 好每一篇，这样写几篇后就会有收获。临近考试，可以按

照规定时间写作，此时写作的题 目要广泛，各种话题都要写一些，以增强适

应性。

3

．

写作时可以多查字典，不看范文。

写 作时遇到不会写的词句要多查字典，还要看该词的用法，这样才能保

证正确使用；写前不 要看范文，看了范文会影响自己的思路，写完后再参看

范文。

4

．

注意书写整齐

平时写作就要注意书写 整齐，规范，要在平时养成良好习惯，在考场上

才能发挥得好。字迹潦草，卷面不干净会 影响成绩。

考研短文写作的基本模 式

(

朱泰祺

)

（一）议论文

(1)

It

is

generally

believed

that . .

is

a

hot

topic

which

is

widely

talked

about

both

at

home

and

abroad

.Now

our

government

attaches great importance to solving this problem. Scientists in this

field have put forward a number of suggestions tending to relieve it.

To begin with, we should . . Furthermore, . . It is clear that . .

People,

however,

differ

in

their

opinions

on

this

matter.

Some

people think that . . According to them, all of us should . . Others

argue that . . In their opinion, nobody can . . without . . There is no

doubt that . . As a consequence . .

In short, I firmly support the view that. . It is because. . So my

conclusion is that . . (107 words)

(2)

There

is

no

denying

the

fact

that

…

is

popular

topic

which

is

much

talked

about

not

only

by

…

,

but

also

by

…

It

is

generally

thought that

…

The reasons for

…

are as follows. To begin with,

…

Secondly

,

…

Therefore,

we

should

attach

great

significance

to

solving the problem.

There are , I think ,at least two possible ways to cope with it .The

first

way

to

tackle

it

is

to

appeal to

the

authorities

to

take drastic

measures

to

(do)

…

The

other

policy

that

is

worth

adopting

is

to

work out new regulations to (do)

…

Only in this way can we succeed

in dealing with the problem in the near future.

To conclude ,it seems obvious

…

So the prospect we are looking

forward to will be both bright and encouraging.(127 words)

（二）图表作文

As is shown in the table (or in the pictures) ,

…

dropped from

…

in 1996 .According to the figures given in the table,

…

has greatly

increased

(

or

decreased

)

in

the

past

…

years

(

or

decades

),

reaching

…

in the table we can also see that there has

been a sharp decline ( or rise ) in

…

It is clear that

…

There are at least two good reasons for

…

On the one hand,

…

Let

’

s have an example to illustrate the great increase in

…

On the

other

hand,

…

is

due

to

the

fact

that

…

In

addition,

…

is

responsible

for

…

Maybe

there

are

some

other

reasons

to

show

…

But

it

is

generally

believed

that

the

above

mentioned

reasons

are

commonly acceptable.

As

far

as

I

am

concerned,

I

believe

that

……

I

am

sure

my

opinion is both sound and well- grounded.(126 words

几种典型的作文开头引述方法

Typ e1

引述他人观点（为提出自己观点铺垫）

[1] It is widely(commonly) accepted(hold)+THAT

[2]

A

widely

accepted

(commonly)

hold

idea(point

of

view,

viewpoint, opinion, assumption)is +THAT/NP

[3] A/The dominant (prevalent, prevailing) idea (see [2]) is NP/to

DO

[4]

It

is

taken

for

granted

THAT(or:

We

often/frequently

take

it

for granted THAT)

[5] People (The majority) seem to get accustomed to the idea(see

[2]),without questioning, THAT

[6] People are willing to regard NP1 as NP2/ADJ

[7] People are willing to DO, while reluctant to DO

Type2

提出异议

[1] However (But),

…

[2]

Such

idea(see[1-2]),if

not

entirely

ADJ1,is

somewhat

ADJ2

and needs careful consideration.

ADJI=unreasonable,

unacceptable,

inappropriate,

improper,

undesirable,

Etc;

ADJ2=misleading, doubtrul, etc

[3] In fact(As a matter of fact),

…

(follow[2])

[4] However, it is not (quite, necessarily)the case.

[5]

This

(It)

is

not

(quite,

necessarily)

the

case

and

needs

to

be

further considered/discussed.(or: further consideration/discussion)

Type3

< br>论述的展开：说明原因和理由，层进，举例，转折

[1] The reason lies in several aspects,

[2] The reason why clause+[1, underlined]

[3] There are several remarkable reasons.

[4]

层进

in addition, besides, furthermore, what

’

s more, on the

other

hand,

meanwhile,

for

one

thing

…

for

another;

Finally,

above

all, in short.

[5]

举例

for example, for instance, such (general term) as (specific