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1.
Thomas More
MORE,
Sir
Thomas
(St),
son
of
Sir
John
More,
a
judge,
was
educated
at
St
Antony's
School,
London, and at Canterbury
College, Oxford. He was called to the
bar, where he was brilliantly
successful. He devoted his leisure to
literature. He entered Parliament in 1504. During
an absence
as
envoy
to
Flanders
he
sketched
his
description
(in
Latin)
of
the
imaginary
island
of
Utopia,
which
he completed and published in 1516.
He
became
Master
of
Requests
and
privy
councilor
in
1517,
being
treated
by
Henry
VIII
with
exceptional
courtesy
during
his
residence
at
court.
He
completed
his
Dialogue,
his
first
controversial book in
English (directed mainly against Tyndale's
writings), in 1528. He succeeded
Wolsey
as
lord
chancellor
in
1529,
but
resigned
the
post
in
1532
and
lived
for
some
time
in
retirement, mainly engaged in
controversy with Tyndale and Frith.
Although willing to swear fidelity to
the new Ace of Succession, More refused to take
any oath
that should impugn the pope's
authority, or assume the justice of the king's
divorce from Queen
Catherine, 1534; he
was therefore committed to the Tower of London
with John Fisher, bishop of
Rochester,
who
had assumed
a
like
attitude. He
was
indicted
of
high
treason,
found
guilty,
and
beheaded in 1535.
Utopia(
乌托邦
) is a
name for an ideal community, taken from the title
of a book written in 1516
by Sir Thomas
More describing a fictional island in the Atlantic
Ocean, possessing a seemingly
perfect
socio-politico-legal
system.
The
term
has
been
used
to
describe
both
intentional
communities that
attempted to create an ideal society, and
fictional societies portrayed in literature.
achieve, and has spawned
other concepts, most prominently dystopia.
The
word
comes
from
Greek:
ο
?
,
and
τ
?
π
ο
?
,
indicating
that
More
was
utilizing
the
concept
as
allegory
and
did
not
consider
such
an
ideal
place
to
be
realistically
possible. It
is worth noting that the homophone Eutopia,
derived from the Greek
ε
?
,
and
τ
?
π
ο
?
,
signifies
a
double
meaning
that
was
almost
certainly
intended.
Despite this, most modern usage of the
term
of perfection rather than
nonexistence.
乌托邦（乌托邦）是一个理想的社区的一个名字，取自于
1516
写的托马斯爵士描述一个虚
构
的岛在大西洋的海洋的一本书的书名，
拥有一个看似完美的社会政治法律制度。
这个词已
被用来描述国际社区，
试图创造一个理
想的社会，
和虚构的社会中描绘的文学。
”乌托邦”
有时被用于贬义，
指一种不切实际的理想是不可能实现的，
并产生了其他的概念，
最突出的
反乌托邦。
2.
sir
Thomas Wyatt
（
霍华德与
托马斯·怀特（下个人）把十四行诗引入英国
,
著名
诗歌有《他们躲着我》
、
《我的诗琴，醒来吧》<
/p>
、
《在永恒中》等
）
Thomas Wyatt(1503-1542) was born to
Henry and Anne Wyatt at Allington Castle, near
Maidstone,
Kent,
in
1503.
Little
is
known
of
his
childhood
education.
His
first
court
appearance was in 1516 as Sewer
Extraordinary to Henry VIII. In 1516 he also
entered St.
John's
College,
University
of
Cambridge.
Around
1520,
he
married
Lord
Cobham's
daughter Elizabeth Brooke. She bore him
a son, Thomas Wyatt Jr., in 1521. He became
popular at court, and carried out
several foreign missions for King Henry VIII, and
also
served various offices at home.
Sir Thomas Wyatt
(1503
–
24
September 1542) was a 16th-century English lyrical
poet credited
with introducing the
sonnet into English. His father, Henry Wyatt, had
been one of Henry VII's
Privy
Councillors, and remained a trusted adviser when
Henry VIII came to the throne in 1509. In
his
turn,
Thomas
Wyatt
followed
his
father
to
court
after
his
education
at
St
John's
College,
Cambridge.
None
of
Wyatt's
poems
were
published
during
his
lifetime.
Despite
vicissitudes
(including
two
spells
of
imprisonment),
Thomas
Wyatt
retained
his
head,
and
enjoyed
a
triumphant
later
career
as ambassador
to
the
court
of Charles V
. He
imported,
popularised
and,
with the help of the
Earl of Surrey, gave an English shape to the
Petrarchan sonnet.
*The Petrarchan
sonnet is a fourteen-line poem in which the first
eight lines, the octave, present a
problem, which is resolved by the final
six lines, the sestet. Wyatt altered the
Petrarchan formula,
ending the sestet
with two lines, a couplet, that rhyme.
Howard
Sir
Henry Howard, 3rd Earl of Surrey
(1517
–
19 January
1547) was an
English
aristocrat,
and one of the founders of
English
Renaissance
poetry.
He was descended from kings on
both
sides of his family tree. He and his friend
Sir Thomas Wyatt
were the
first English
poets to write in the
sonnet
form that
Shakespeare
later used, and
Henry was the first
English poet to
publish
blank verse
in his
translation of
Virgil
's
Aeneid
. Together, Wyatt
and
Surrey,
due
to
their
excellent
translations
of
Petrarch
's
sonnets,
are
known
as
consumed
by
paranoia
,
was
convinced
that
Henry
Howard
had
planned
to
usurp
the
crown
from
his
son
Edward
.
He
was
sentenced
to
death
on
13
January
1547,
and
beheaded
for
treason
on 19 January 1547.
Blank verse
is a type of
poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter,
but no
rhyme
.
In
English,
the
meter
most
commonly
used
with
blank
verse
has
been
iambic
pentameter
。
（写无韵诗）
无韵诗是诗歌的一种，特点是有整齐的格律，却没有韵脚（即句尾不押韵）
。英语中
，
无韵诗最常用的格律是抑扬格五音步（因此无韵诗又被称为无韵五节拍诗）
。
4.
Edmund
Spenser(
埃德蒙·斯宾塞
)
（
诗人中的诗人）
One evidence of
Sidney's generosity of mind, and of purse, was his
patronage of the greatest poet
of his
generation, Edmund Spenser . Spenser, like so many
of the great Elizabethan writers, was
born into the class of skilled, but he
later went to Cambridge and (unlike many nobler
university
undergraduates) took the
degrees of BA and MA.
His talent was
undeniable and recognized, and he looked to the
Court for future patronage, both
because this was natural for aspiring
members of his class, and because, with his sense
of history
and
tradition,
the Court
was
a
sort
of emotional
lodestone. He
was, by
and
large,
disappointed.
Patrons he
had, including Sidney, whom he clearly loved and
admired.
Much of his life,
however, was spent in Ireland, where he was
Secretary to the Lord Deputy, the
effective ruler of the
country
—
no mean position,
but one he seems to have regarded as a bitter
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