-
高考英语二模试卷分类汇编
阅读理解
(
附答案
)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1
．
（
2019?
浙江）阅读理解
California
has
lost
half
its
big
trees
since
the
1930s,
according
to
a
study
to
be
published
Tuesday and
climate change seems to be a major
factor
（因素）
.
The number of trees larger than two
feet across has declined by 50 percent on more
than 46,
000
square
miles
of
California
forests,
the
new
study
finds.
No
area was
spared
or
unaffected,
from
the
foggy
northern
coast
to
the
Sierra
Nevada
Mountains
to
the
San
Gabriels
above
Los
Angeles. In the Sierra high country,
the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55
percent; in
parts of southern
California the decline was nearly 75
percent.
Many factors
contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre,
an ecologist who was the lead
author
of
the
study.
Woodcutters
targeted
big
trees.
Housing
development
pushed
into
the
woods.
Aggressive
wildfire
control
has
left
California
forests
crowded
with
small
trees
that
compete with big trees for
resources
（资源）
.
But in comparing a study of
California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s
with another one
between
2001
and
2010,
Mclntyre
and
his
colleagues
documented
a
widespread
death
of
big
trees that was evident even in
wildlands protected from woodcutting or
development.
The loss of
big trees was greatest in areas where trees had
suffered the greatest water shortage.
The researchers figured out water
stress with a computer model that calculated how
much water
trees were getting in
comparison with how much they needed, taking into
account such things as
rainfall, air
temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of
snowmelt
（融雪）
.
Since
the
1930s,
Mclntyre
said,
the
biggest
factors
driving
up
water
stress
in
the
state
have
been rising
temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water
to the air, and earlier snowmelt,
which
reduces the water supply available to trees during
the dry season.
（
1
）
What is the second
paragraph mainly about?
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in
California.
B. The
increasing variety of California big
trees.
C. The distribution
of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big
trees in California.
（
2
）
Which of the
following is well-intentioned but may be bad for
big trees?
A.
Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
（<
/p>
3
）
What is a major
cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?
A. Inadequate snowmelt.
B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate.
D. Dampness of the air.
（
4
）
What
can be a suitable title for the text?
A. California's Forests:
Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be
Prohibited in California Soon.
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to
California Forests?
D.
Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in
California
【答案】
<
/p>
（
1
）
A
（
2
）
D
（
3
）
C
（
4
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文属于议论文，
围绕加利福尼亚的大树从
20
世纪
30
年代以来大量减
少为主题，探讨出现这一现象的原因。
（
1
）段落大意题。第二段第一句
The number of trees
larger than two feet across has declined
by 50 percent on more than 46, 000
square miles of California forests
为主题句
，意思是：在
4.6
万平方英里的加利福尼亚的森林中，直径超
过
2
英尺的树木的数量已经减少了
50
%
。所
以本段主要介绍加州的树木损失的严重情况，故答案为<
/p>
A
。
（
2
）细节理解题。题干中的
well-
intentioned
意为
“
好意
的
”
。根据第三段描述：伐木者对大
树
的砍伐、住房向森林里推进、对野火的控制使得小树与大树竞争资源都是导致大树减少
的
原因。控制野火的初衷是保护森林，但是却导致大树得不到足够的资源而死亡。故答案
为
D
。
（
3
）细节理解题
。将
water
shortage
定位在第五段，而
Mclntyre
在最后一段，根据
the
biggest factors driving up water stress
in the state have been rising temperatures, which
cause
trees to lose more water to the
air
可知，导致水源紧张的是上升的温度，造成树木将更多的
水分散失到空气中。故答案为
C
。
（
4
）主旨大意题。文章的第一句是本
文的主题句，文章围绕加利福尼亚大量的大树死亡展
开，对大树数量减少的原因进行研究
。故答案为
A
。
【点评】本文属于生态环保类文章，文章的首段第一句即为本文的主题句。阅读是紧扣主
旨，快速浏览文章内容。答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词
所在句子的信息。
2
．
阅读理解
From
quiet
paths
by
a
stream
in
a
forest
to
busy
roads
running
through
a
city, people
have
created various forms of routes in
different places. These now exist all around us,
and their use is
imperative for
societies. These routes have enabled people to
move, transport things, and send
information
from
one
place
to
another
quickly
and
safely.
Throughout
history,
they
have
been
important in our daily
lives.
Early routes were
often formed naturally on land. They gradually
developed over long periods
of
time
while
people
traveled
them
on
foot
or
horseback.
A
significant
turning
point
in
their
history
arrived
when
the
first
wheeled
carts
appeared
in
ancient
times.
Once
this
happened,
people recognized
the importance of well-maintained routes.
Therefore, towns, cities, and entire
countries
improved
them.
As
a
result,
life
became
more
convenient,
communities
grew,
economies evolved, and
cultures expanded.
People have established routes on water, too.
Rivers and canals have served as effective routes
for people to move around and carry
things. For instance, in the old, Japanese city of
Edo, water
routes were used for the
transportation of agricultural products, seafood,
and wood. People have
also
opened
routes
across
the
sea.
The
seaways
were
critical
for
the
navigation
of
ships,
particularly in the
days when they moved mainly by wind power. Using
these sea routes, people
could travel
great distances, and go to places they had not
previously been able to reach.
People have gone on to open routes
in the sky as well. Since the invention of the
airplane, they
have
made
it
possible
to
travel
long
distances
easily.
Eventually,
people
became
able
to
travel
safely and
comfortably high in the sky, and going vast
distances only took a small amount of
time.
Today, we have a
new type of route, the Internet. By using this
worldwide route, people can
easily
obtain
information
that
once
was
available
mainly
from
books
and
face-to-face
communication.
They can also instantly send messages to large
numbers of people all at once.
As
long
as
there
have
been
people,
there
have
been
routes
to
connect
them.
Currently
unknown routes will surely take us even
further in the future.
（
1
）
Which
of
the
following
is
closest
to
the
meaning
of
the
underlined
word
imperative
in
paragraph 1?
ntal
rial
ial
ional
（
2
）
Why
is the example of Edo introduced in paragraph 3?
describe the difficulty of
creating routes on the water.
emphasize the fact that it was an
important city.
explain the
use of water routes to move along the
coastlines.
illustrate the
important roles of water routes for
cities.
（
3
）
What does paragraph 5 tell us
about routes?
can be thought of as existing invisibly in the
world.
that move
information can be regarded as
dangerous.
fundamental
functions of routes are declining.
importance of different kinds of
routes is the same.
（
4
）
What is the main idea
of this article?
ind first created various types of
convenient routes on land.
ements in transportation have come at
great cost.
logy has
interfered with opening up routes around the
world.
advancement of
humanity was aided by the development of
routes.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（
2
）
< br>D
（
3
）
A
（
4
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了从最初的陆路到水路和空路，再到如今的互
联网，这些路线促进了人类的进步和
社会的发展。
（
< br>1
）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的
things, and send information from one place to another quickly and safely. Throughout history,
they have been important in our daily l
ives.
可知，这些路线使人们能够快速、安全地从一个
地方
到另一个地方移动、运输物品和发送信息。纵观历史，它们在我们的日常生活中一直
很重
要，因此它们的使用对于社会来说是必不可少的，由此可知画线词词义为
必要的
，
故选
C
。
（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
have
established
routes
on
water,
too.
Rivers
and
canals have served as effective routes for people
to move around and carry things.
可知，人
们也在水上建立了路线，河流和运河已经成为人们走动和搬运东西的有效途径，紧接着举
日本江户这个例子就是为了证明这一点，即：水路对城市有着重要作用，故选
< br>D
。
（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的
have
a
new
type
of route,
the
Internet.
By
using this worldwide route, people can
easily obtain information that once was available
mainly
from books and face-to-face comm
unication.
可知，如今，我们有一种新的路线
——<
/p>
互联网，
通过使用这条世界性的途径，人们可以很容易地获得以前
主要从书本和面对面的交流中获
得的信息，与传统的陆路、水路以及空路相比，互联网这
种新的路线是无形的，由此可
知，路线可以被认为是无形地存在于这个世界上，故选
A
。
（
4
）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要
介绍了从最初的陆路到水路和空路，再到
如今的互联网，这些路线促进了人类的进步和社
会的发展，由此可知，本文介绍的是人类
的进步得益于路线的发展，故选
D
。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅
读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答
案。
3
．
（
2019?
江苏）请认真阅读下列
短文，从短文后各题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
、
D
四个选项中，
选出最佳选项。
Who cares if people
think wrongly that the Internet has had more
important influences than
the washing
machine? Why does it matter that people are more
impressed by the most recent
changes?
It
would not matter if these misjudgments were just a
matter of people's opinions. However,
they have real impacts, as they result
in misguided use of scarce resources.
The
fascination
with
the
ICT
(Information
and
Communication
Technology)
revolution,
represented by
the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly
conclude that making things
is so
led those countries to neglect their
manufacturing sector (
制造业
)
with negative consequences
for their
economies.
Even more
worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by
people in rich countries has moved
the
international community to worry about the
the
poor
countries.
This
has
led
companies
and
individuals
to
donate
money
to
developing
countries to buy computer equipment and
Internet facilities. The question, however, is
whether
this
is
what
the
developing
countries
need
the
most.
Perhaps
giving
money
for
those
less
fashionable
things
such
as
digging
wells,
extending
electricity
networks
and
making
more
affordable washing machines would have
improved people's lives more than giving every
child a
laptop computer or setting up
Internet centres in rural villages, I am not
saying that those things
are
necessarily more important, but many donators have
rushed into fancy programmes without
carefully assessing the relative long-
term costs and benefits of alternative uses of
their money.
In yet
another example, a fascination with the new has
led people to believe that the recent
changes in the technologies of
communications and transportation are so
revolutionary that now
we live in a
to believe that whatever change is
happening today is the result of great
technological progress,
going
against
which
will
be
like
trying
to
turn
the
clock
back.
Believing
in
such
a
world,
many
governments have put an end to some of
the very necessary regulations on cross-border
flows of
capital, labour and goods,
with poor results.
Understanding technological trends is very
important for correctly designing economic
policies,
both at the national and the
international levels, and for making the right
career choices at the
individual
level. However,
our
fascination
with
the
latest,
and
our
under valuation
of what
has
already become common, can, and has,
led us in all sorts of wrong
directions.
（
1
）
Misjudgments on the influences
of new technology can lead to ________.
A. a lack of confidence in
technology
B. a slow
progress in technology
C. a
conflict of public opinions
D. a waste of limited
resources
（
2
）
The
example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators
should ________.
A. take people's essential needs into
account
B. make their
programmes attractive to people
C. ensure that each child gets
financial support
D. provide
more affordable internet facilities
（
3
）
What
has led many governments to remove necessary
regulations?
A.
Neglecting the impacts of technological
advances.
B. Believing that
the world has become borderless.
C. Ignoring the power of economic
development.
D. Over-
emphasizing the role of international
communication.
（
4
）
What can we learn from the
passage?
A.
People should be encouraged to make more
donations.
B. Traditional
technology still has a place nowadays.
C. Making right career choices is
crucial to personal success.
D. Economic policies should follow
technological trends.
【答案】
（
1
）
D
（<
/p>
2
）
A
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文
，介绍了对信息技术的过分迷恋对国家，对个人，对
慈善事业都会有不利的影响。
（
1
）细节理解题。根据第二段中的
“However,
they
have
reak
impacts,
as
they
result
in
misguided
use
of
scarce
r
esources.
”
可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使
用，也就是资源的浪费，故选
D
。
（
2
）推理判断题。根据第四段中的
“Perhaps
giving
money
for
those
less
fashionable
things
such
as
digging
wells,
extending
electricity
networks
and
making
more
affordable
washing
machines would have improved people's
lives more than giving every child a laptop
computer or
setting up Internet centres
in rural villages, I am not saying that those
things are necessarily more
important,
but
many
donators
have
rushed
into
fancy
programmes
without
carefully
assessing
the relative
long-
term costs and benefits of
alternative uses of their money.”
可知，与其给
那些
贫困地区孩子笔记本电脑或者建网络中心，还不如给钱打井，铺电网或者生产他们买
得起
的洗衣机，这些东西更能改善他们的生活。作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是很
多捐
赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人
的实
际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故选
A
。
（
3
）推理判断题。根据第五段
“In
yet
another
example,
a
fa
scination
with
the
new
has
led
people
to
believe
that
the
recent
changes
in
the
technologies
of
communications
and
transportation are so
revolutionary that now we live in a
以及
Believing in
such a world, many governments have put
an end to some of the very necessary regulations
on
cross-
border flows of
capital, labour and goods, with poor results.”
可知，对新东西的迷恋让人
们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活
在一个无国界的世界。正是认为我们生活在
这样一个世界，很多政府取消了关于跨国界的
资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故
选
B
。
（
4
）推理判断题。根据第三段
“The
fascination with the ICT(Infor
mation
and Communication
Technology)
revolution,
represented
by
the
Internet,
has
made
some
rich
countries
wrongly
conclude that making
things is so
society
has
led
those
countries
to
neglect
their
manufacturing
sector(
制造业
)
with negative consequences for their ec
onomies.”
可知，对互联网呈现的通讯技术变革的迷恋
让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结论，制造产品已经过时了，他们应该靠创意生活，因而
忽略了制造业，从而对经济造成不利影响，故可知，传统的技术依然有它的地位，不能被
新兴的信息技术取代，故选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，
是一篇科研类阅读，考生需
要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出
正确答案。
4
．
阅读理解
was brought
about weary complaints over the past few months.
On July 1st, the city introduced
strict
rubbish-sorting
regulations
that
are
expected
to
be
used
as
a
model
for
our
country.
Citizens must divide their waste into
four separate categories and put it into specific
public bins.
They must do so at
scheduled times, when monitors are present to
ensure that rules are obeyed
and to
examine the nature of one's rubbish.
Violators could be hit with fines
of up to 200 yuan ($$29). For repeat violators, the
city can add
black marks to their
credit records, making it harder for them to
obtain hank loans or even buy
train
tickets.
Shanghai
authorities are responding to obvious
environmental problem. It produces 9 million
tons of
garbage a year. But
like other cities in china, it lacks a recycling
system. Instead, it has
relied
on
rubbish
pickers
to
pick
out
whatever
can
be
reused.
This
has
limits.
As
people
get
wealthier, fewer of them want to do
such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps
piling up.
China produces 80 billion
pairs of one-off chopsticks a year.
Many
citizens
appear
to
support
the
idea
of
recycling
in
general
but
are
frustrated
by
the
details. Rubbish must be divided
according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry
or
hazardous(
有
害的
),
the distinctions among which can be confusing,
though there are apps to help work it out.
Some have complained about the rules
surrounding food waste. They must put it straight
in the
required
public
bin,
forcing
them
to
tear
open
plastic
bags
and
toss(
投掷）
it
by
hand,
Most
annoying
are
the
short
periods
for
throwing
trash,
typically
a
couple
of
hours,
morning
and
evening. Along with the monitors at the
bins, this means that people go at around the same
time
and can keep an eye on what is
being thrown out; no one wants to look
bad.
（
1
）
What's the purpose of Paragraph 1?
A. To complain about
rubbish dividing.
B. To
explain the four categories of the
waste.
C. To introduce the
rules on waste sorting.
D.
To show the goal of rubbish, sorting
regulations.
（
2
）
What does the underlined word
A. People who don't pay for
train tickets. B. People who argue with
the monitors.
C. People who
obtain bank loans.
D. People who are against the
regulations.
（
3
）
What makes the citizens upset
most about the rules?
A. Complex distinction among the four
categories of rubbish.
B.
Short scheduled time for tossing
rubbish.
C. Being observed
by monitors when throwing the garbage.
D. Being fined when blamed due to
improper behavior.
（
< br>4
）
What can be the best
title for the text?
A. A Restart of Waste-sorting
B. A New Age of Garbage
Classification
C. Learning
to Classify Rubbish
D. Rubbish-sorting Benefits the
World
【答案】
（
1
）
C
< br>
（
2
）
D
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报
道，介绍了
7
月
1
日上海市出台的垃圾分类规定，有
望成为我国的一个典范。文章说明了垃圾分类规定
的部分内容以及违反者将面临的处罚，
这项政策出台的原因是上海日益增多的垃圾，以及
居民们对此政策的看法和态度。
（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“
Citizens
must
divide
their
waste
into
four
separate
categories and put it into specific
public bins. They must do so at scheduled times,
when monitors
are present to
ens
ure that rules are obeyed and to
examine the nature of one's rubbish.”
市民
必
须将垃圾分为四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当
监
督员在场时，以确保规则得到遵守，并检查垃圾的性质。可知主要是在说明垃圾分类的
相
关规定，故第一段的目的是介绍垃圾分类的规则。故选
C
。
（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的
“They
could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($$29).”<
/p>
他们将面临最高
200
元
(29
美元
)
的罚款。可推测
他们此处指违反垃圾分类规定的人们，故
划线单词意思为
“
违反规定的人
”
，故选
D
。
（
3
）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“Most
upset
are
the
short
windows
for
throwing
trash,
typically
a
couple
of
hours,
morning
and
evening.”
最让人心
烦的是扔垃圾的短暂开放
期，通常是早上和晚上的几个小时，可知，扔垃圾的时间很短让
居民对这些规定最不满。
故选
B
。
（
4
）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的
“On
July
1st,
the
city
introduced
strict
trash
-sorting
regulations that are expected to be
used as a model for our country. Residents must
divide their
waste into four separate
kinds and put it into specific public bins. They
must do so at scheduled
times, when
monitors are present to ensure compliance and to
inquire into the nature of one's
rubbis
h.”7
月
1
日，该市出台了严格的垃
圾分类规定，有望成为我国的一个典范。居民必须
将他们的垃圾分成四类，并将其放入特
定的公共垃圾箱。他们必须在规定的时间这样做，
当监督员在场时，以确保遵守和调查一
个人的垃圾的性质）以及文章主要内容围绕着上海
垃圾分类规定标志着一个垃圾分类的新
时代的开始而展开，故选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨
大意四个题型的考查，是一
篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据
上下文的逻辑关系，进行分
析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
5
．
阅读理解
When I was a kid, I was
the girl who kept the training wheels on my bike
as long as possible.
Even my younger
sister had got rid of them much earlier than me.
But as I began to grow older,
this
changed.
All this
happened on the Bike Safety Day. It is supposed to
be a fun day at school when all of us
kids bring our bikes to school and the
school provides us with the opportunity to ride
outside and
learn proper bike safety.
Sounds like fun, right? No. In fact, it caused me
to panic. What was I
going to say when
my friends asked me about my training
wheels?
With the
pressure of everyone seeing my training wheels, I
determined to let
them go. This
was the first big change I'd ever made
on my own.
I went to my
parents and told them all about my dilemma. They
were more than happy to help.
We went
outside and got my bike. Instead of running away
and hiding behind, I stood in front of
my bike and took great pride in my
decision as my dad removed the training
wheels.
I got on and
steadied myself. My heart raced but my feet and
hands were calm. My dad started
to push
before my feet even moved and suddenly I was off.
The fear faded away and a relaxed
mind
came into its place. It was crazy to think how
quickly I learned something that took so long
for me to even try!
My
confidence
soared.
This
was
going
to
be
the
start
of
a
brand
new
world
for
me.
My
accomplishment would
carry me forth to new goals and wins. I realized
that if I set my mind to
something, I
could achieve it.
（
1
）
What does the school
expect the students to do on Bike Safety Day?
A. Have their bikes
checked. B. Ride
outside for fun.
C. Acquire
bike safety skills.
D. Remove the training wheels.
< br>（
2
）
What does
the underlined word
A. The
author's friends.
B. The author's parents.
C. The safety problems.
D. The training wheels.
（
3
）
What happened when
the author finally rode without the training
wheels?
felt
extremely embarrassed.
hing
turned out to be easy.
ended up flat on the ground.
sisters followed her
example.
（
4
）
What does the author think is
necessary for her to achieve a goal?
ce.
ination.
re.
tration.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（<
/p>
2
）
D
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文
，讲述了作者学习骑自行车的故事，学会了骑自行车
让作者拥有了自信，也让作者意识到
决心的重要性。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
”It is
supposed to be a fun da
y at school when
all of us
kids bring our bikes to
school and the school provides us with the
opportunity to ride outside and
learn
proper
bike
safet
y.“
这应该是一个有趣的一天，在学校，当我们所有的孩子把我们的自
行车带到学校，学校为我们提供了在外面骑车的机会，学习适当的自行车安全。可知，学
校希望学生在自行车安全日学习自行车安全技能。故选
C
。
（
2
）考查代词指代测。根据第三段中的
”With
the
pressure
of
everyone
seeing
my
training
wheels, I determined to let them
go.“
在每个人都看到我的辅助轮的压力下，我决定不要它们
了。可知，在每个人都看到我的训练轮的压力下，我决定不要它们了。由此可见，
them
指
代上文中的
train
ing wheels
。故选
D
。
（
3
）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段
”I
got
on
and
steadied
myself.
My
heart
raced
but
my
feet and hands were calm. My dad
started to push before my feet even moved and
suddenly I
was off. The fear faded away
and a relaxed mind came into its place. It was
crazy to think how
quickly I learned
something that took so long for me to even try!“
我上了车，稳住自己。我的心
怦怦直跳，但手脚却很平静。我的脚还
没来得及挪动，爸爸就开始推我，突然我就走了。
恐惧消失了，取而代之的是一种放松的
心态。想想我花了这么长时间才学会的东西，竟然
这么快就学会了，真是疯了
!
）可知，当作者最终决定不使用辅助轮时，发现结果一切都很
容易了。故选
B
。
（
4
）考查
推理判断。根据最后一段中的
”I realized that if I set
my mind to something, I could
achieve i
t.“
我意识到，如果我下定决心，我可以实现它。可知，本文主要讲述了作者学习骑<
/p>
自行车的故事，从而意识到决心非常重要。故选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及
细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握
细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出
正确答案。
6
．
阅读理解
Scientists at the
University of Oxford have developed new artificial
intelligence(AI) software to
recognize
and
follow
up
the
faces
of
chimpanzees(
黑猩猩
)in
the
wild.
The
new
software
will
allow researchers and wildlife
conservationists to significantly cut back on time
spent analyzing
videos, according to
the new paper published in Science
Advances.
For
species(
物种
)like
chimpanzees
which
have
complex
social
lives
and
live
for
many
years,
getting photos of
their behavior taken from short-term field
research can only tell us so much,
says
Dan
Schofield,
researcher
and
DPhil
student
at
Oxford
University's
Private
Models
Lab,
School of Anthropology.
video files, it makes it possible to
measure behavior over the long term.
The computer model was trained
using over 10 million
images(
影像
):from Kyoto
University s
Primate Research
Institute(PRI) video files of wild chimpanzees in
Guinea, West Africa. The new
software
is
the
first
to
continuously
track
and
recognize
individual
a
wide
range
of
poses,
performing with high accuracy in
difficult conditions such as low lighting and poor
image quality.
degree that was previously not
possible,
student
at
the
Department
of
Engineer
Science,
University
of
Oxford.
Additionally,
our
new
software
differs
from
previous
primate
face
recognition
software
in
that
it
can
be
applied
to
videos
with limited manual
intervention(
人工干预
), saving
hours of time.
The
technology
can
be
potentially
used
to
monitor
species
for
conservation
Although
the
present
application
focuses on
chimpanzees,
the
AI
software
provided
will
be
applied
to
other
species,
and
help
drive
the
adoption
of
AI
systems
to
solve(
解决
)a
range
of
problems
in
the
wildlife
sciences.
（
1
）
What is the purpose of
developing the new soft?
save wildlife researchers' time spent
in the labs.
keep track of
wildlife conservationists' behaviors.
protect chimpanzees and help them to
live longer.
recognize and
track the faces of wild chimpanzees.
（
2
）
What
does the underlined word
g
photos.
ing
videos.
C.A powerful
machine
new AI
software.
（
3
）
What does paragraph 4 mainly
talk about?
working principle of the new software.
limitations of using the new
software.
unique advantages
of the new software.
versial
attitudes to the new software.
< br>（
4
）
What can be
known from the last paragraph?
logy advance is the final
goal of science
new
software won't just be applied to
chimpanzees.
systems are
widely used in the wildlife sciences.
application of the new technology
isn't easy.
【答案】
（
1
）
D
（
2
）
D
（
3
）
C
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了一种新的人工智能软件，这种软件可以识别
和追踪黑猩猩的面孔
,
大大节省了研究者和野生动物保护者的时间，而且它还可以应用到其
他的物种研究。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
”
Scientists
at
the
University
of
Oxford
have
developed
new artificial
intelligence(AI) software to recognize and follow
up the faces of chimpanzees(
黑猩
猩
)in the wild. ”
可知，新软件的开发是
为了识别和追踪野外黑猩猩的面孔。故选
D
。
< br>
（
2
）考查代词指代。根据第一段的叙述及第二段中的
“By
taking
advantage
of
the
power
of
machine
learning
to
unlock
large
video
files…”
可推断<
/p>
it
指代第一段中提到的新的人工智能软
件。故选
D
。
（
3
）考查
段落大意。根据第四段的叙述可知，本段主要介绍了新软件与其他软件相比所
具有的独特
的优势。故选
C
。
（
4
）考查
细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“The
technology
can
be
potentially
used
to
monitor
species
for
conservation
Although
the
present
application
focuses
on
chimpanzees,
the
AI
software
provided will be applied to other species.
可知，新的软件不仅被用在黑猩猩身上，
它还将被用于其他物种。故选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
7
．
阅读理解
When John was growing
up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents
always had him weeding
the
garden,
carrying
out
the
garbage
and
delivering
newspapers.
But
when
John
reached
adulthood, he was better off than his
childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction,
a better
marriage and was healthier.
Most of all, he was happier. Far
happier.
These
are
the
findings
of
a
40-
year
study
that
followed
the
lives
of
456
teenage
boys
from