-
2017
年
9
月建平中
学高三开学考
II. Grammar and
vocabulary
Section A
Directions:
After reading
the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank with the proper
form of the given word; for the other blanks, use
one word that
best fits each blank.
Nursing,
as
a
typically
female
profession,
must
deal
constantly
with
the
false
impression ___21___ nurses are there to
wait on the position.
As nurses, we
____22_____ (license) to provide nursing care
only. We provide
health
teaching,
and
physical
as
well
as
emotional
problems,
coordinate
patient-
related
services
and
make
all
our
nursing
decisions
based
upon
what
is
___23___(good)
or
suitable
for
the
patient.
If,
in
any
circumstance,
we
feel
that
a
physician’s
order
is
inappropriate
or
unsafe,
we
have
a
legal
responsibility
____24____(question) that order, or
refuse to carry it out.
Nursing is not
a nine-to-five job __25__ every weekend off. All
nurses are aware
of
that
___26___
they
enter
the
profession.
The
emotional
and
physical
stress,
however, __27__ occurs due to hard
working hours is a prime reason for a lot of the
career
dissatisfaction.
It
is
sometimes
required
that
we
work
overtime,
and
that
we
change shifts four or five times a
month. That disturbs our personal lives and
disrupts
our sleeping and
eating habits, isolating us from everything __28__
job-related friends
and activities.
The
quality
of
nursing
care
is
being
affected
dramatically
by
these
situations.
Most hospitals are now staffed by new
graduates because experienced nurses finally
give
up
__29___(try)
to
change
the
system.
If
trends
continue
as
___30__(predict),
they will
find that most critical hospital care will be
provided by new inexperienced
and
sometimes inadequately-trained nurses.
Section B
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can only be used once. Note that there is one word
more than you need.
A.
blocking
B. collectively
C. contemporary
D. digital
E. fears
F. heavily
G
. philosophy
H. identify
I. resolution
J. socialize
K. willingness
“That
which
does
not
kill
us
makes
us
stronger.”
But
parents
can’t
handle
it
when
teenagers put this
31
into practice. And now technology has
become the
new field for the age-old
battle between adults and their freedom-craving
kids.
Locked indoors, unable to get on
their bicycles and hang out with their friends,
teens
have
turned
to
social
media
and
their
mobile
phones
to
32
with
their
friends.
What
they
do
online
often
mirrors
what
they
might
otherwise
do
if
their
mobility
wasn’t
so
33
limited
in
the
age
of
helicopter
parenting.
Social
media and smart phones apps have become
so popular in recent years. Teens want the
freedom to explore their
34
and the world around them,
so they jump online.
As
teens
have
moved
online,
parents
have
projected
their
35
onto
the
Internet,
imagining
all
the
potential
dangers
that
youth
might
face---from
violent
strangers to cruel peers.
Rather
than
helping
teens
develop
strategies
for
discussing
public
life
and
the
potential
risks
of
interacting
with
others,
fearful
parents
have
focused
on
tracking,
monitoring and
36
.
These don’t help teens develop the skills they
need to manage
complex
social
si
tuations,
assess
risks
and
get
help
when
they’re
in
trouble.
It
gradually
weakens
the
learning
that
teens
need
to
do
as
they
come
of
age
in
a
technology-
soaked world.
The key to helping youth
handle
37
life isn’t more
restrictions. It’s freedom
—
plus
communication.
Famed
urban
theorist
Jane
Jacobs
used
to
argue
that
the
safest
neighborhoods
were
those
where
communities
38
took
interest
in
and
paid
attention
to
what
happened
on
the
streets.
Safety
didn’t
come
from
keeping
everyone indoors but
from a
39
to watch out
for one another. The same is true
online.
Teens need the
freedom to wander the
40
street, but
they also need to know
that caring
adults are behind them and supporting them
wherever they go.
III.
Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the
following passage there are four words or phrases
marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each
blank with the word or phrase that best fits the
context.
When is an
occupation a profession? There appears to no
absolute definition, but
only __41_
ways of looking at the issue, from historical,
cultural, sociological, moral,
political or philosophical
perspectives. It is often said that professions
are elites(
精英
)
who
undertake
specialized,
selfless
work,
according
to
moral
codes
and
that
their
work
is
_42__
by
examination
and
a
license
to
practice.
In
_43__,
however,
they
request
complete
control
over
a
body
of
knowledge,
freedom
to
practice,
special
rewards and higher financial and
economic _44__.
The public needs
experts and higher specialist advice, but because
this advice is
specialized they are not
in a position to __45__ what advice they need:
this has to be
defined
in
conversation
with
the
professional.
Professional
judgement
could
be
__46__
with
client(
委托人
)
satisfaction
since
the
latter
cannot
then
be
“the
chief
measure of whether the
professional has acted in a trustworthy fashion.”
Professional
elites have __47__
potential; to export their power and reputation
for economic goals;
to allow research
for the __48__ theoretical knowledge to become an
end in itself; to
lose sight of client
well-being in the continuing split of specialist
knowledge.
The higher a profession’s
social status the more freedom it enjoys.
Therefore, an
occupation
wanting
to
maintain
or
improve
its
status
will
try
to
keep
as
much
an
occupation
__49__
as
possible
over
its
own
affairs.
As
in
so
many
other
areas,
socio-culture change has affected the
professions considerably in recent years. Market
forces and social pressures have
focused professionals to be more __50__ about
their
modes
of
practice.
In
addition,
information
technology
has
enables
the
__51__
to
become
much better informed, and therefore more
demanding. Moreover, developing
in
professional
knowledge
itself
have
forced
a
greater
degree
of
specialization
on
experts, who constantly have to _52___
and do research to maintain their position.
Self-regulation then becomes an even
more thing for a profession to maintain er
extend.
But
in
whose
__53__?
Is
self-regulation
used
to
enable
a
profession
to
properly practise without __54__
interference, or is it used to maintain the status
of
the
profession
for
its
own
ends?
Or
is
it
used
to
protect
clients
by
appropriately
__55__ those who have broken
professional norms, or to protect the public image
of
the profession by concealing
evidences that would damage it?
41.
A. fair
B. normal
C. different
C. completed
D. separate
D.
42.
A. guaranteed
continued
43.
A. return
B. measured
B. comparison
B. status
C. conclusion
C. influence
D. fact
D.
44.
A. importance
certificate
45.
A. discover
46.
A. competing
47.
A. negative
48.
A. necessary
background
B. accept
C. realize
D.
know
D. mixing
D. wasted
D.
B. disagreeing
B. creative
B. abstract
C. contrasting
C. significant
C. basic
49.
A. independence
50.
A. definite
51.
A. public
consumers
52.
A. resign
B.
control
B. formal
C. limitation
C. open
D. value
D. personal
D.
B. followers
C. audience
B.
recover
B. ideas
C.
retrain
D. resist
D.
53.
A. interests
instructions
54.
A. legal
C. proposals
B.
logical
C.
unlike
D.
unsuitable
55.
A. examining
disciplining
Section B
A
The
Hawthorne
experiment
was
conducted in
the late 1920s and early
1930s.
The
management
of
Western
Electric's
Hawthorne
plant,
located
near
Chicago,
wanted
to
find
out
if
environmental
factors,
such
as
lighting,
could
affect
workers'
productivity and
morale. A team of social scientists experimented
with a small group
of employees who
were set apart from their coworkers. The
environmental conditions
of this
group's work area were controlled, and the
subjects themselves were closely
observed. To the great surprise of the
researchers, the productivity of these workers
increased
in
response
to
any
change
in
their
environmental
conditions.
The
rate
of
work increased even when the changes
(such as a sharp decrease in the level of light
in the workplace) seemed unlikely to
have such an effect.
It was concluded
that the presence of the observers had caused the
workers in
the experimental group to
feel special. As a result, the employees came to
know and
trust one another, and they
developed a strong belief in the importance of
their job.
The
researchers
believed
that
this,
not
the
changes
in
the
work
environment,
accounted for the increased
productivity.
A later reanalysis of the
study data challenged the Hawthorne conclusions on
the
grounds that the changes in
patterns of human relations, considered so
important by
the
original
researchers,
were
never
measured.
However,
even
if
the
original
conclusions
must
be
revised,
they
nonetheless
raise
a
problem
for
social
scientists:
Research
subjects
who
know
they
are
being
studied
can
change
their
behavior.
Throughout
the
social
sciences,
this
phenomenon
has
come
to
be
called
the
Hawthorne effects.
B. separating
C. resetting
D.
56. The
author implies that a sharp decrease in light
increased workers' output because
A. the workers
experienced less eyestrain in a dark working place
B. the workers had to pay
1nore attention to what they were doing
C. the workers knew they
were being observed, and this motivated them
D. the 11'orkers in the
experiment were paid more than other workers
57. The pattern of
organization of the second paragraph is
A. list of
items B. time order C. definition and example D.
cause and effect
58. The Hawthorne experiment suggests
that
A. workers' attitudes are
more important than their environment
B. social scientists are good workers
C. productivity in electric
plants tends to be low
D
even those who were not y the experiment improved
their productivity
59. The
author’s main purpose is
A. To explain the Hawthorne
effect
B. to prove the
importance of research
C.
to amuse with a surprising experiment
D. to suggest ideas for future research
B
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The
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The
Academy
Museum
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Motion
pictures, scheduled
to open in 2017, will contain six stories of
state-of-the-art galleries,
exhibition
spaces,
movie
theaters
and
educational
areas.
Through
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the Museum will explore how Hollywood
and the film industry have shaped
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Renzo
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the
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held
dream
of
the
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a
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60. The Academy of Motion
Pictures is located
A.
in the downtown area of Los Angeles
B.
in the suburb of the city of Los Angeles
C. in the Los Angeles County Museum of
Art
D. in the centre of Wilshire May
Company
61. The Academy of
Motion Pictures will focus on
A. the exhibition of film
equipment
B. the impact of film
industry on world culture
C. the
popularity of Hollywood movie culture
D. the achievements of American
galleries and theatres
62.
The passage is intended to
.
A. promote the Academy
Museum and make movie history
B. arouse
people's interest in the Academy Museum
C. raise enough money for the Academy
Museum
D. help realize the Academy
Museum founding supporters’ dreams
C
To
live
in
the
United
States
tod
ay
is
to
gain
an
appreciation
for
Dahrendorf’s
declaration
that
social
change
exists
everywhere.
Technology,
the
application
of
knowledge for practical ends, is a
major source of social change.
Yet we
would do well to remind ourselves that technology
is human creation; it
does not exist
naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a
cultural as a physical object.
Until
human use a spear to hunt game or a robot to
produce machine parts, neither is
much
more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird
looking for an object on which to
rest,
a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well.
The explosion of the Challenger
space
shuttle and the Russian nuclear
accident at Chernobyl
drive
home
the human
quality
of
technology;
they
provide
cases
in
which
well-planned
systems
suddenly
went
haywire
and there was no ready hand to
set them right. Since technology is a
human creation, we are responsible for
what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we
will
use
our
technology
eventually
to
blow
our
world
and
ourselves
to
pieces.
But
they
have been saying this for decades, and so far we
have managed to survive and
even
flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the
years ahead remains uncertain.
Clearly,
the impact of technology on our lives deserves a
closer examination.
Few technological
developments have had a greater impact on our
lives than the
computer
revolution.
Scientists
and
engineers
have
designed
specialized
machines
that can do the tasks that once only
people could do. There are those who declare that
the
switch
to
an
information-based
economy
is
in
the
same
camp
as
other
great
historical milestones, particularly the
industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the
Industrial
Revolution
was
a
revolution,
we
find
that
it
was
not
the
machines.
The
primary reason why it was revolutionary
is that it led to great social change. It gave
rise to mass production and, through
mass production, to a society in which wealth
was not restricted to the few.
In somewhat similar fashion, computers
promise to revolutionize the structure