-
必修
3Unit4
—
新练习
一．词汇
1
．
She spends
every night watching the sky, and he wants to
become an
（天文学家）
.
2. Eight
planets circle around the sun in
（太阳系）
.
3. Scientists and environmental
activists continue to argue over the seriousness
of
（全球变暖）
.
4.
Changes in the climate are due to pollution of the
（大气层）
.
5. But
there eats still some
（
基本）
problem which needs to be
worked out.
6. Bacteria
（繁殖）
very fast in
hot weather.
7. Plants can absorb
carbon dioxide and release
（氧气）
.
8.
（二氧化碳）
is the largest
contributor to the greenhouse effect.
9. Nobody noticed her
（不见了）
in the street.
10. An apple falls down because of
（地球引力）
.
二．短语
1.
很久以前
5.
是…的基础
9.
因此
;
据此
2.
四面八方
6.
第一次
10.
一些经验
3.
一片灰尘
7.
生（小孩）
；产生…
11.
爆发
4
．过段时间
8
．接着
12.
既然
三．
完成句子
1.
你知道宇航员感兴趣的一些问题吗？
Do you know any questions
?
2.
地球会变成什么样还不确定。
is uncertain.
3.
水生命的基础。
to life.
4.
在火星上找到了水，这样人类在火星上居住就有了可能。
Water has been found in
Mars, which make it possible
.
5.
泰坦尼克号沉没仍然是个谜。
The Sinking of Titanic
.
6.
美国无业妇女苏尔曼一胎生了八个孩子。
Surman, an American unemployed woman,
at a birth.
7.
人们在向大气层排放大量的二氧化碳。
People are
into the
.
8.
生命是否在未来的几百万年继续存在，将取决于全球变暖的问题能否解决。
Whether life will
for
millions of years to come will
whether global warming
.
9.
从他的举止看，他好像是个军人。
He behaves as if
.
10.
全球变暖的速度比人们预料的快两倍。
Global warming
is heating the planet
.
11.
对我来说，英语和语文一样费力。
English is
to me.
12.
我对天文知识知之甚少。
I don
’
t know
astronomy.
[
来源
学
科
网
]
13.
他还不明白自己创下了大祸。
He has not
he
had stirred up trouble.
14. John
有机会去国外学习金融资产管理。
John
Financial assets management
abroad.
15.
我们必须阻止他们制造麻烦。
We
must
.
四．填空
1. The law of gravitation is a widely
（
accept
）
theory.
2. Jack Bauer solved all his problems
with
（
violent
）
.
3. The world's largest living animal,
（
cal
l
）
blue whale, is a mammal.
4. We can
’
t feel
the earth
’
s gravity
（
pul
l
）
us.
5. She said
she saw herself
（
fly
）
in
her dream.
6. The little girl ran to
her mother
（
cry
）
.
7. It is dangerous to make a phone
while
（
drive
）
.
8. The International Space Station
needs
（
deliver
）
supplies, equipment and a new crew
member.
9. After being
mended, the space telescope works
（
fine
）
.
10. The anonymous phone
（匿名电话）
（
puzzle
）
me yesterday.
11.
It
’
s said that Zhao
Benshan
’
s cock
（
lay
）
an egg.
13. The dog
（
lie
）
on the ground
looks as if sleeping.
14. A
fire balloon landed on a tree, thus
（
catch
）
fire.
五．语法
—
主语从句
在复合句中作主语的从句，称为主语
从句，通常在主句谓语动词之前或者由
It
代替，
而本身放在句末。
（一）引导主语从句的连词有三类
1.
连词
that, whether
that,
在主句中不做句子成分，也无意义；
whether
在主句中也不做才成分，但有“是否”
之意，两者都不省略。
That they were
twin sisters was clear from the facial resemblance
between them.
Whether life will
continue on the earth for millions of rears to
come will depend on whether
this
problem can be solved.
It was not clear
whether the shape would last or not.
2.
连接代词
who, whom,
whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever,
whichever,
连接
代词在
从句中主语，宾语，或者表语，同时有各自的意义，表示疑问。不可省略、
。
What was to be come
was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion
tears ago when the dust
settled into a
solid globe.
What many
scientists believe is that the continued presence
of water allowed the earth to
dissolve harmful gases and acid into
the oceans and seas.
3.
连接副词
when, where,
why, how, whenever, wherever, however
，连
接副词在从句中作状
语，有各自的意义，表示疑问，不可省略。
Why they
suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
How life began on earth is one of the
biggest puzzles that scientists found hared to
solve.
Where
bees are where is honey.
（二）用
It
做形式主语的结构
1. It
be
+
adj
（
obvious,
true, natural, strange, surprising, good,
wonderful, funny,
possible, likely, certain, probable,
etc.
）
+
that
从句
It was not
immediately obvious that water was to be
fundamental to the development of
life.
注：形容词
necessary, important ,
strange, natural, advisable, essential, desirable,
imperative
等做主句表
语时，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词
要用虚拟语气
“(should) +do”
，常用的句型有：
It is necessary
(important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It
is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It
is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.)
that…
从句
常用虚拟语气。
It was
important that the money be collected for the
cause.
It is necessary
that a doctor be sent for at once.
2.
It be
+
n
（
no wonder, an
honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise,
ect.
）
+
that
从句
It is no surprise that our
team should have won the game.
注：名词
a pity, a
shame, no wonder
等主句表语时，从句
常用虚拟语气。
It is a shame that he should lose the
Would Cup.
3. It be
+
v-ed
（分词）
（
said, reported,
thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged,
etc
）
+
that
从句
It is reported that China got 199 gold
medals in the 16
th
Asian
Games.
4.
It
+ seem,
happen, look
等词
+
that
从句
It seems that everything goes smoothly
.
It happened
that I was not home that day.
5.
It doesn't
matter + that
从句
It doesn't matter whether you bring
cash or a cheque.
It
doesn't matter who it is that I am talking to?
（三）应注意的问题
1.
对主语从句提问时，用
It
做形式主语，从句放在句尾
Is it true that the earth
will be destroyed in 2012?
Does is matter much that he will not
come?
2.
把含主语从句
的句子变感叹句时，用
It
代替从句，从句放在句尾
How strange it is
that the children are so quiet!
3.
谓语动词的形式
单个主语从句做主语，谓语形式由其意义而定
What I need is money.
What they need are money
and hands.
两个以上的主语从句做主语，谓语动词用复数
When they will come and
how they will get have not been decided yet.
4.
if
一般不引导主语从句，如果
It
做形式主语，可以用
If
引导主语从句，放在句末
It is
doubtful if he has received your letter.
5. whoever, whatever, whichever,
以及
whenever
，
w
herever
，
however
应当
主语从句
不含疑问意义，表示强调，相当于，
anyone who,
anything that, anything
which
等
[
来源
学科网
ZXXK]
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