-
____
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I
Use of
English
Directions: Read
the following text. Choose the best word(s) for
each
numbered
blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER
SHEET 1. (10 points).
In
1924 America's National Research Council sent two
engineers to
supervise a
series of industrial experiments at a
large telephone
-
parts
factory called
the
Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped
they would learn how
stop
-
floor
lighting____1____ workers'
productivity. Instead, the studies ended
____2____
giving their name to the Hawthorne
effect, the extremely influential idea
that the
very
to being
experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.
The idea arose because of
the ____4____ behavior of the women in the
Hawthorne plant. According
to ____5____ of the experiments, their
hourly output
rose when lighting was increased, but
also when it was dimmed. It did
not
____6____
what was done in
the experiment; ____7____something was changed,
productivity
rose. A(n) ____8____ that they were
being experimented upon seemed
to be
____9____ to alter workers'
behavior ____10____itself.
After several decades, the same data
were ____11____ to econometric
the
analysis. Hawthorne
experiments has another surprise store
____12____the
descriptions on record, no systematic
____13____ was found that levels
of
productivity were related
to changes in lighting.
1.
[A] affected
[B] achieved
[C] extracted
[D] restored
[B]
up
[D] off [C] with
2. [A] at
3. [A] truth
[B] sight
[D] proof [C] act
4. [A]
controversial [B] perplexing
[C] mischievous [D] ambiguous
[D] assessments
5. [A] requirements [B] explanations
[C] accounts
6.
[A] conclude
[B] matter
[C] indicate
[D] work
[D] so long as
[B] for fear that [C] in case that
7. [A] as far
as
1
/
12
8.
[A] awareness
[B]
expectation [C] sentiment
[D] illusion
[D]
abundant
9. [A] suitable
[B] excessive
[C] enough
[D]
by
10. [A] about
[C] on
[B] for
[A]
contrary to
12. [B]
consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to
[C] implication
[B] guidance [D] source
[A] evidence
13.
[D] misleading
[B] enlightening [A] disputable
[C] reliable
14.
[B] For
example [D] As usual
15.
[A] In contrast
[C] In
consequence
[B]
accidentally 16.
[C] unpredictably [D] suddenly
[A] duly
[D] continued
[A] failed
17.
[B] ceased
[C]
started
[A]
breaking
[B] climbing 20.
[C] surpassing
[D] hitting
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four
texts. Answer the questions below
each
text
by choosing [A], [B],
[C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
(40 points)
Text
1
Of all the changes that
have taken place in
English
-
language newspapers
during
the past
quarter
-
century, perhaps the
most far
-
reaching has been
the
inexorable
decline in the scope and seriousness of
their arts coverage.
It is
difficult to the point of impossibility for the
average reader under
the age of
forty to imagine a time
when high
-
quality arts
criticism could be found in
most
big
-
city newspapers. Yet a
considerable number of the most
significant collections of
criticism published in the 20th century
consisted in large part of
newspaper
reviews.
To read such books
today is to marvel at the fact that their learned
contents were
once deemed suitable for publication in
general
-
circulation dailies.
2
/
12
We
are even farther removed from the unfocused
newspaper reviews
published
in England between the turn of the 20th
century and the eve of World
War II, at
a
time when newsprint was
dirt
-
cheap and stylish arts
criticism was
considered an
ornament to the publications in which
it appeared. In those
far
-
off days,
it
was taken
for granted that
the critics of major papers would write in detail
and at
length about
the events they covered. Theirs was a
serious business, and even those
reviewers
who
wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard
Shaw and Ernest
Newman, could
be trusted to know what
they were about. These men believed in
journalism as a
calling, and were proud to be published
in the daily press.
“
So few
authors have
brains enough or literary gift enough
to keep their own end up in
journalism,
”
Newman wrote,
“
that I am tempted to define
‘
journalism' as
‘
a term
of
contempt
applied by writers
who are not read to writers who
are.'
”
Unfortunately, these critics are
virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who
wrote for
the
Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before
his death in
1975, is now
known solely as a writer of essays on
the game of cricket. During his
lifetime, though,
he was also one of England's foremost
classical
-
music critics, a
stylist so
widely
admired that his Autobiography (1947)
became a best
-
seller. He was
knighted in
1967, the first music critic to be so
honored. Yet only one of his books is
now in print,
and his vast body of writings on music
is unknown save to specialists.
Is there any chance that Cardus's
criticism will enjoy a revival? The
prospect
seems
remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long
before his death,
and
postmodern readers have little use for
the richly upholstered Vicwardian
prose
in
which he specialized.
Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism
has been in
headlong retreat.
21.
It is
indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that
[A] arts criticism has disappeared from
big
-
city newspapers.
[B]
English
-
language newspapers
used to carry more arts reviews.
[C] high
-
quality
newspapers retain a large body of readers.
[D] young readers doubt the
suitability of criticism on dailies.
3
/
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22.
Newspaper reviews in England before World War II
were
characterized by
[A] free themes.
[B] casual style.
[C] elaborate layout.
[D] radical
viewpoints.
23.
Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most
probably
agree
on?
[A] It is
writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals
[B] It is contemptible for
writers to be journalists.
[C] Writers are likely to be tempted
into journalism.
[D] Not
all writers are capable of journalistic writing.
What can be learned about
Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?
24.
[A] His
music criticism may not appeal to readers today.
[B] His reputation as a
music critic has long been in dispute.
[C] His style caters largely to modern
specialists.
[D] His
writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.
25.
What would be the best title for the
text?
[A] Newspapers of the
Good Old Days
[B] The Lost
Horizon in
Newspapers
[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism
[D]
Prominent Critics in
Memory
Text 2
The
Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method
for hedging risk in
the
energy market. The Federal circuit
issued an unusual order stating that
the case
would
be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather
than a typical panel
of three,
and that one issue it wants
to evaluate is whether it should
econsider its state
street Bank ruling.
26.
Business
-
method
patents have recently aroused concern because of
4
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12
[A]
their limited value to business
[B] their
connection
with asset
allocation
[C]
the possible restriction on their granting
[D]
the controversy over
authorization
27.
Which of the
following is true of the Bilski case?
[B] It involves a very big business
transaction
[C] It has been
dismissed by the Federal Circuit
[D] It may change the legal practices
in the U.S.
28.
The word
about
-
face (Line 1, Para 3)
most probably means
[A]
loss of good will
[B] increase of
hostility
[C] change of
attitude
[D] enhancement of dignity
29.
We learn
from the last two paragraphs that
business
-
method patents
[A] are immune to legal
challenges
[B] are often unnecessarily
issued
[C] lower
the esteem for patent holders
[D] increase the incidence
of risks
30.
Which of the following
would be the subject of the text?
[A] A looming threat to
business
-
method patents
[B] Protection for
business
-
method patent
holders
[C] A legal case
regarding business
-
method
patents
[D] A prevailing
trend against
business
-
method patents
Text 3
The researchers' argument stems from a
simple observing about social
influence, with the exception of a few
celebrities like Oprah
Winfrey
—
whose outsize
presence is primarily a
function of media, not interpersonal,
influence
—
even the
5
/
12
most influential members of a
population simply don't interact with that
many
others. Yet
it is precisely these
non
-
celebrity influentials
who, according
to the two
-
step
-
flow theory,
are supposed to drive social epidemics by
influencing their friends
and colleagues directly. For a social
epidemic to occur, however, each
person
so
affected, must then
influence his or her own acquaintances, who must
in
turn
influence theirs, and so on; and just
how many others pay attention to
each
of these
people has little
to do with the initial influential. If people in
the network
just two
degrees removed from the initial
influential prove resistant, for example
from the
initial
influential prove resistant, for example the
cascade of change
won't propagate
very far or affect many
people.
Building on the
basic truth about interpersonal influence, the
researchers
studied the dynamics of populations
manipulating a number of variables
relating of
populations, manipulating a number of
variables relating to people's
ability
to
influence others and
their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows
that the
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慣汬
尠汧扯污挠獡慣敤屳–
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