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英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习
(3)
Section
B
Directions:
In
this
section,
you
are
going
to
read
a
passage
with
ten
statements
attach
ed
to
it.
Eachstatement
contains
information
given
in
one
of
the
paragraphs.
Identify
the
p
aragraph
from
which
the
information
is
derived.
You
may
choose
a
paragraph
more
than
once.
Each
paragraph
is
marked
with
a
letter
Answer
the
questions
by
marking
the
corres
ponding
letter
on
Answer
Sheet
2.
TV
Linked
to
Lower
Marks
A)
The
effect
of
television
on
children
has
been
debated
ever
since
the
first
sets
wer
e
turned
on.
Now
three
new
studies
find
that
too
much
tube
time
can
lower
test
scores,
r
etard
learning
and
even
predict
college
performance.
The
reports
appear
in
the
July
issue
of
the
Archives
of
Pediatrics
&
Ado-lescent
Medicine.
B)
In
the
first
report,
researchers
studied
the
effect
that
having
a
TV
in
a
child's
bed
room
can
have
on
third
graders.
looked
at
the
household
media
environment
in
relati
on
to
academic
achievementon
mathematics,
reading
and
language
arts
tests,
said
stu
dy
author
Dina
L.G.
Borzekowski,
an
as-sistant
professor
at
Johns
Hopkins
Bloomberg
Sc
hool
of
Public
Health.
C)
Borzekowski
and
her
colleague,
Dr.
Thomas
Robinson
of
Stanford
University,
coll
ected
data
on386
third
graders
and
their
parents
about
how
much
TV
the
children
watche
d,
the
number
of
TV
sets,
computers
and
video
game
consoles
in
the
household
and
wher
e
they
were.
They
also
collected
data
on
how
much
time
the
children
spent
using
the
diff
erent
media,
as
well
as
the
time
spent
doing
homework
and
reading.
The
researchers
foun
d
that
the
media
in
the
household,
where
it
is
and
how
it
is
used
can
have
a
profound
e
ffect
on
learning.
found
that
the
household
media
environment
has
a
very
close
asso
ciation
with
performance
on
the
different
test
scores,
Borzekowski
said.
D)
child
who
has
a
TV
in
his
or
her
bedroom
is
likely
to
have
a
score
that
is
e
ight
points
lower
on
a
mathematics
test
compared
to
a
child
who
doesn't
have
a
TV
in
t
he
bedroom,
she
noted.
These
children
also
scored
lower
on
the
reading
and
language
art
s
tests.
However,
children
who
have
ac-cess
to
a
home
computer
are
likely
to
have
higher
scores
on
each
of
the
tests
compared
with
children
who
don't
have
access
to
a
home
co
mputer,
Borzekowski
noted.
E)
The
reasons
why
TV
has
this
negative
effect
are
not
clear,
Borzekowski
said.
hen
there's
TV
in
the
bedroom,
parents
are
less
likely
to
have
control
over
the
content
an
d
the
amount
watched,
Borzekowski
said.
are
also
unable
to
know
how
early
or
h
ow
late
the
set
is
on.
This
seems
to
be
associated
with
kids'
performance
on
academic
tes
ts.
Borzekowski
believes
that
content
and
the
time
the
TV
is
on
may
be
the
primary
rea
sons
for
its
negative
effect.
the
TV
is
in
the
family
room,
then
parents
can
see
the
co
ntent
of
what
children
are
watching,
she
said.
can
choose
to
sit
alongside
and
w
atch,
or
turn
the
set
off.
A
simple
and
straightforward,
positive
parenting
strategy
is
to
ke
ep
the
TV
out
of
the
child's
bedroom,
or
remove
it
if
it's
already
there.
F)
In
the
second
report,
Dr.
Robert
J.
Hancox
from
the
University
of
Ot
ago
in
Dun
edin,
New
Zealand,
and
colleagues
found,
regardless
of
your
intelligence
or
social
backgro
und,
if
you
watch
a
lot
of
TV
during
childhood,
you
are
a
lot
less
likely
to
have
a
colle
ge
degree
by
your
mid-20s.
In
their
study,
the
researchers
followed
1,037
people
born
in
1972
and
1973.
Every
two
years,
between
the
ages
of5
and
15,
they
were
asked
how
mu
ch
television
they
watched.
The
researchers
found
that
those
who
watched
the
most
televis
ion
during
these
years
had
earned
fewer
degrees
by
the
time
they
were
26.
found
that
the
more
television
the
child
had
watched,
the
more
likely
they
were
to
leave
school
wit
hout
any
qualifications,
Hancox
said
in
a
prepared
statement.
who
watched
little
t
elevision
had
the
best
chance
of
going
on
to
university
and
earning
a
degree.
G)
Hancox's
team
found
that
watching
TV
at
an
early
age
had
the
most
effect
on
gr
aduating
from
college.
interesting
finding
was
that
although
teenage
viewing
was
stro
ngly
linked
to
leaving
school
without
any
qualifications,
it
was
earlier
childhood
viewing
t
hat
had
the
greatest
impact
on
getting
a
degree,
he
said.
suggests
that
excessive
tel
evision
in
younger
children
has
a
long-
lasting
adverse
effect
on
educational
performance.
H)
In
the
third
paper,
Frederick
J.
Zimmerman
and
Dr.
Dimitri
A.
Christakis
from
th
e
University
of
Washington
report
that,
for
very
young
children,
watching
TV
can
result
i
n
lower
test
scores
in
mathematics,
reading
recognition
and
reading
comprehension.
l
ooked
at
how
much
television
children
watched
before
age
3
and
then
at
ages
3
to
5,
Zi
mmerman
said.
found
that
for
children
who
watched
a
small
amount
of
TV
in
the
e
arlier
years,
there
was
co
nsider
able
beneficial
effect
compared
to
children
who
watched
a
lot
of
TV.
I)
For
children
aged
3
to
5,
the
effect
was
not
as
clear,
Zimmerman
said.
we
re
some
beneficial
effects
of
watching
TV
on
reading,
but
no
beneficial
effects
for
math
or
vocabulary,
he
noted.
worst
pattern
was
to
watch
more
than
three
hours
of
TV
before
age
3.
Those
kids
had
a
significant
disadvantage
compared
to
the
other
kids.
Pare
nts
should
follow
the
American
Academy
of
Pediatrics
recommendation,
which
is
no
TV
f
or
children
under
2,
Zimmerman
said.
I
feel
the
cutoff
should
be
children
un
der
3,
because
there
is
just
not
any
good
content
for
children
under
3.
J)
One
expert
believes
that
TV
can
have
both
positive
and
negative
effects,
but
it
all
depends
on
what
children
are
watching.
matters,
said
Deborah
L.
Line
barger,
an
assistant
professor
at
the
University
of
Pennsylvania,
who
co-authored
an
accompanying
editorial.
content
has
been
found
to
be
related
to
performance
on
school
rea
diness
tests,
higher
grades
when
they
are
teen-agers,
whereas,
non-educational
content
tend
s
to
be
associated
with
lower
academic
performance.
K)
Another
expert
agrees.
watching
takes
up
space
that
could
be
used
by
more
useful
things,
said
Dr.
Christopher
P.
Lucas,
a
clinical
coordinator
at
the
Early
Childhood
Evaluation
and
Treatment
Program
at
the
New
York
University
Child
Study
Center.
is
not
necessarily
toxic,
but
is
some-thing
that
has
to
be
done
in
moderation;
something
that
balances
the
other
needs
of
the
child
for
healthy
development.
L)
Lucas
puts
the
responsibility
for
how
much
TV
kids
watch
and
what
they
watch
s
quarely
on
parents.
amount
of
TV
watching
certainly
has
a
link
with
the
reduced
a
mount
of
time
reading
or
doing
homework,
he
said.
key
is
the
amount
of
control
p
arents
have
in
limiting
the
amount
of
access.
Get
the
TV
out
of
the
bedroom;
be
aware
of
what
is
being
watched;
limit
the
amount
of
TV
watching.
46.
According
to
Borzekowski,
children
having
chances
to
use
a
family
computer
are
likely
to
acquire
better
results
on
the
different
tests.
47.
The
reports
issued
in
the
Archives
of
Pediatrics
&
Adolescents
Medicine
find
that
watching
too
much
TV
leads
to
poor
performance
in
school.
48.
Watching
more
than
three
hours
of
TV
before
age
3
has
bad
effect
on
kids.
49.
According
to
the
second
report,
the
chance
for
one
to
acquire
a
college
degree
d
epends
on
the
amount
of
his
TV
watching
during
childhood.
50.
In
Deborah
L.
Lingbarger's
opinion,
educational
content
is
helpful
for
teenagers
to
get
better
results
on
school
readiness
tests.
51.
The
environment
of
family
media
greatly
affects
children's
test
scores
according
t
o
the
first
report.
52.
Borzekowski
believes
that
TV's
negative
effect
on
children's
marks
may
mainly
li
e
in
what
children
watch
on
TV
and
how
much
time
they
spend
on
it.
53.
Lucas
thinks
parents
should
take
the
responsibility
to
supervise
kids'
TV
watching.