-
?
Oxford University
Oxford
University
is
the
oldest
university
in
Britain
and
one
of
the
world's
most
famous
institutions of higher learning. Oxford
University was established during the 1100's. It
is located in
Oxford, England, about 80
kilometers northwest of London.
The
university
has
over
16,300
students
(1999-2000),
almost
a
quarter
of
these
students
are
from overseas and more
than 130 nationalities are represented. It
consists of 35 colleges, plus five
private halls established by various
religious groups. Three of the five private halls
are for men
only.
Of
the
colleges,
St.
Hilda's
and
Somerville
are
for
women,
and
the
rest
are
for
men
and
women.
At Oxford, each
college is a corporate body distinct from the
university and is governed by its
own
head
and
fellows.
Most
fellows
are
college
instructors
called
tutors,
and
the
rest
are
university professors
and lecturers. Each college manages its own
buildings and property, elects its
own
fellows, and selects and admits its own
undergraduate students. The university provides
some
libraries,
laboratories,
and
other
facilities,
but
the
colleges
take
primary
responsibility
for
the
teaching and well-being
of their students.
Each student at
Oxford is assigned to a tutor, who supervises the
student's program of study,
primarily
through tutorials. Tutorials are weekly meetings
of one or two students with their tutor.
Students may see other tutors for
specialized instruction. They may also attend
lectures given by
university
teachers.
Students
choose
which
lectures
to
attend
on
the
basis
of
their
own
special
interests and on the advice of their
tutors.
The
university,
not
the
individual
colleges,
grants
degrees.
The
first
degree
in
the
arts
or
sciences
is
the
Bachelor
of
Arts
with
honors. Oxford
also
grants
higher
degrees, diplomas,
and
certificates in a wide variety of
subjects.
The Rhodes scholarship
program enables students from the United States,
Canada, and many
other
nations
to
study
at
Oxford
for
a
minimum
of
two
years.
The
British
government
grants
Marshall scholarships
to citizens of the United States for study at
Oxford and other universities
that are
located in Britain.
The competition
for scholarships and grants is, however, extremely
strong and there are usually
strict
requirements. Students should check carefully that
they are eligible to apply for a particular
scholarship
before
making
an
application
as
most
of
the
schemes
are
restricted
to
certain
nationalities and/or
programs.
The students and staff at
Oxford are actively involved in over 55
initiatives (2001), including
visits
to
more
than
3,700
schools
and
colleges,
to
encourage
the
brightest
and
best
students
to
apply to Oxford, whatever their
background.
The
university
has
been
named
the
UK's
most
innovative
university
in
the
Launchit
2001
competition,
which
aimed
to
discover
which
British
university
has
demonstrated
the
greatest
achievements
in
innovation
and
enterprise
across
the
broadest
range
of
activity.
In
the
national
Teaching Quality
Assessment exercises for 2000, Oxford was awarded
top marks in six out of ten
subjects
assessed.
?
Oxford,
Stanford
and
Yale
Universities
have
recently
become
partners
in
a
joint
'distance
learning' venture, the Alliance for
Lifelong Learning, which will provide online
courses in the arts
and sciences.
?
The
mission of Oxford is to aim at achieving and
maintaining excellence in every area of its
teaching
and
research,
maintaining
and
developing
its
historical
position
as
a
world-class
university, and
enriching the international, national, and
regional communities through the fruits
of its research and the skills of its
graduates.
In support of this aim the
university will provide the facilities and support
for its staff to pursue
innovative
research by responding to developments in the
intellectual environment and society at
large;
and
promote
challenging
and
rigorous
teaching
which
benefits
from
a
fruitful
interaction
with the research environment,
facilitating the exchange of ideas through
tutorials and small-group
learning
and
exploiting
the
University's
resources
in
its
libraries,
museums,
and
scientific
collections, to equip its graduates to
play their part at a national and international
level.
（一）
Answer the following
questions with the information from the passage.
1. How many international students are
studying at Oxford?
does a tutor do?
3. Are good students often granted a
scholarship? Why or why not?
did the
students and staff visit more than 3 700 schools
and colleges in 2001?
5. Would you like
to study at Oxford University if you have an
opportunity? List as many
reasons as
you can think of.
（二）
Choose the best answer to
each question based on the information you obtain
from the passage.
1. The main purpose of this passage is
to __________.
A) provide scholarship information for
Oxford applicants
B) give
an introduction to Oxford University in general
C) explain the teaching and
research systems of Oxford
D) introduce the long history of Oxford
2. The admission of an undergraduate
student at Oxford is decided by __________.
A) the
university
B) a fellow
C) a professor
D) the college
3. __________
are eligible for Marshall scholarships.
A) Only British
students
B)
Only US students
C) Only
Canadian Students
D) All
students
4. The passage tells us that
Oxford makes an effort to __________.
A) get the best students to
study at Oxford
B) provide
its students with financial support
C) elect the best candidates as its
fellows
D) ensure that
every student has a tutor
5. It can be
inferred that __________.
A) Oxford has some of the best teachers
in Britain
B) some teachers
at Oxford are not good enough
C) Oxford and Stanford will be joined
D) Oxford is the best
university in the world
译文：
牛津大学
牛津大学是英国最古老的大学，
也是世界最著名的高等学府。<
/p>
牛津大学始建于
12
世纪。
它位于英格兰的牛津，在伦敦西北约
80
公里处。<
/p>
牛津大学
有
16,300
多名学生
（
1999
－
2000
）<
/p>
，
其中留学生占将近四分之一。
他们来自
130
多个国家。牛津大学有
35
个学院，还有
5
个由不同宗教团体建立的私
人学院。
5
个私人学
院中，有
3
个只招男生。学院中，圣希尔达和萨默维尔学院只收女生，其他均为男
女兼收。
牛津的每个学院都是独立于大学的实体，
由该学院的院长和管委会成员负责管理。
部分
管委会成员都称为导师的学院教师，
其
余的是大学教授和讲师。
每个学院管理自己的房产和
资产，
遴选自己的管委会，选择和招收自己的本科生。大学提供某些图书馆、实验室和其他
设施，但教学和学生生活主要由各学院负责。
牛津大学给每个学生指定一个导师，他主要通过辅导课监督学
生的学习。导师每周和
1
到
2
名学生见面一次，
学生如需专业指导，
还可以去
约见其他的导师，
也可选听大学老师讲
授的课程。学生选听什么
课程是根据自己的兴趣和导师的建议而定的。
学位由大学授予，
而不是各个学院。
最低文科或理科学位是优等文学学士。
牛津还在其
他众多学科领域授予最高的学位，颁发文凭和证书。
罗兹德奖学金面向美国、
加拿大和很多其他国家的学生，
为他们提供至少两年的牛津学
习费用。英国政府为在牛津和其他英国境内的大学里求学的美国公民提供
<
/p>
马歇尔奖学金
。
然而，
奖
学金和助学金的竞争极其激烈，
而且通常要求很严。
学生们在申
请某一项奖学
金之前应仔细核查是否有资格，因为多数奖学金对学生国籍和（或）课程都
有限制。
牛津师生员工积极参与主动招生的活动，
2001
年这种活动
有
55
项以上，
包括走访
3,700
所中学，以鼓励优秀学生报考牛津大学，而不管其背景如何。
在
2001<
/p>
年度的
创新
竞赛中，
牛津大学被授予英国最具创新精神的大学称号。
该竞赛旨
在发现哪一所英国大学在最广的领域内取得了创新和进取的最大成
就。在
2000
年全英教学
质量评估中
，牛津在所评估的
10
个科目中有
6<
/p>
科得分高居榜首。
牛津、斯坦福和耶鲁三所大学最近合作开发了
远程学习
项目
终生学习联盟
，该项
目将提供文科和理科的在线课程。
牛津的使命是在教学和研究的各个领域达到并保持领先地位，
保持和加强其世界名校的
历史地位，通过其研究成果和毕业生的
技能促进地区、全国和全球的发展。
为了实现这个目标，
学校将针对知识环境和整个社会发展的需要，
为员工提供进行创新<
/p>
研究所需的设施和支持；
提倡既富革新精神又严格认真的教学，<
/p>
使教学与研究环境卓有成效
地互动从而推动教学；
通过导师指导和小组学习加速思想的交流，
通过开发学校图书馆、
博
物馆以及科学收藏方面
参考答案：
（一）
1
、
About 4 000
international students are studying at Oxford.
2
、
A tutor
supervises the students’ course of study and meets
with them every week.
3
、
Not
necessarily. Because most of the scholarships are
restricted to certain nationalities and
/
or courses.
4
、
They visited
those schools in order to encourage the brightest
and best students to apply to
Oxford.
5
、
Open.
（二）
1.B,
2.D,
3.B,
4.A,
5.A
?
Y
our Dream Job:
A Click Away
Less
than
a
month
from
graduation
day,
Theresa
Smith
of
Northwestern
University
in
Evanston,
Illinois,
had
yet
to
find
the
right
job.
The
career
placement
center
referred
the
liberal-arts major to
JOB-TRAK, an Internet site listing 45,000 entry-
level positions.
Smith
selected
four
keywords:
Chicago,
business,
marketing
and
full-time.
Immediately
she
found
45
jobs
meeting
her
criteria,
including
one
as
an
assistant
to
an
administrator
at
the
University of
Chicago
’
s business school.
Four weeks later she was hired at a starting
salary of
$$32,000.
“
I had no
training,
”
says
Smith,
“
but the Internet was
extremely easy to use. I
’
d
never
have known about this job without
it.
”
Smith is one American who
clicked her way into a job. Steven Tools is
another.
In
1996,
the
Rockville,
Md.,
resident
came
across
an
employment
site
named
CareerBuilder. He had
just been promoted to director of marketing for a
company that produces
tradeshow
exhibits and wasn
’
t looking
for a job. But curious, he decided to
“
give it a
try.
”
Tools
filled
out
a
profile
with
the
keywords
marketing
manager
and
entered
his
electronic-mail
address.
Within
a
week
his
computer
’
s
mailbox
was
filling
up
with
available
positions. Two
interviews later he jumped to a new job.
“
The Internet is like hiring
a personal
assistant,
”
says Tools.
“
Effortlessly you can become
aware of opportunities that may elevate
your career.
”
Even
a
couple
of
years
ago,
most
job
listings
on
the
Internet
were
in
high-tech
fields.
Today, non-technical
jobs
—
salesclerks, bank tellers, secretaries,
for example
—
are
the fastest
growing
segment
of
Internet
employment
opportunities.
Most
major
newspapers
and
trade
publications have
online versions of their classified listings,
enabling job-seekers to scan for work
available across town, in another
state, or around the world.
Madeline Gragg and Nedzad Dozlic are
still another two who clicked their luck online.
In
1996,
Madeline
Gragg,
a
28-year-
old
high
school
teacher
from
St.
Louis,
wanted
a
change. When a friend mentioned
teaching English in Japan, Gragg was intrigued.
?
She visited the popular
Yahoo! website and typed teaching English in Japan
for a list of
employment
opportunities.
She
then
followed
the
procedure
for
the
online
application.
A
week
later she
received a call and set up an interview with a
recruiter in Chicago and got the job.
?
Nedzad Dozlic, 27 years
old, was scanning the Houston
Chronicle
’
s Web site for the
latest
baseball trades. While online,
he decided to check out the classifieds and
spotted a job for a driver
at a local
car dealership. A refugee of the war in Bosnia,
Dozlic had had a variety of jobs but was
now ready for something new. He read
more about the position on the dealer’s Internet
site and
called
the
number
listed.
Two
days
later
he
was
hired.
“It’s
really
funny,”
he
says,
“I
was
just
checking sports, and I ended up with a
better job.
”
Another
valuable
use
of
the
Internet
is
to
research
potential
employers.
When
Wendy
Mello started her job
search in the summer of 1997, she logged on to
CareerBuilder, where she
learned of a
human resources opening at
Arbitron
’
s, a media-
information-services company in
Columbia,
Maryland.
With
a
click
of
her
mouse,
Mello
sent
her
r
é
sum
é
to
the
company
via
e-mail and soon received an invitation
for an interview.
To find out
more about the company, she clicked on to
Artitron
’
s home page and
that of its
parent
company,
Ceridian
Corp.,
where
she
reviewed
an
annual
report
and
the
company
’
s
financial performance.
Mello also wanted to know how much
she
’
d have to earn to
maintain her present standard
of
living. Using an online salary calculator, she
typed in her current salary, $$34,000, and
Baltimore
(the nearest big city to
Columbia). Within seconds her computer flashed
$$44,000.
“
Because of the
salary calculator, I knew what to ask
for,
”
says Mello.
By
accessing
an
online
real
estate
service,
she
saw
color
photos
of
rental
properties,
including
detailed floor plans. When Mello arrived in
Columbia, she felt completely prepared. The
interview was a success, and the next
day she was offered a job at a salary of $$47,800.
“
The Internet is easy to use
and it works,
”
says one job seeker,
“
What more could you
want?
”
（一）
.Answer the following
questions with the information from the passage.
1. What is JOB-TRAK?
one need to have a lot of
knowledge about the Internet before using it?
3. Why did Gragg apply to teach English
in Japan?
preparations did Mello make
before she went for her interview?
5.
Compare
job-seeking
on
the
Internet
and
job-seeking
on
newspapers
or
at
job
markets.
What are the strengths and limitations of each?
（二）
Choose
the
best
answer
to
each
question
based
on
the
information
you
obtain from the passage.
1. Which of the following
best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A) The Internet
can help one find an overseas job.
B) The Internet can give one
information about all companies.
C) One can find a better job with the
help of the Internet.
D) There are many employment websites
one can turn to for help.
2.
A) to find a
job by searching the Internet
B) to get a job by clicking a mouse
C) to access the job
website
D) to know the way
to do one's job
3. It can be inferred
that __________
.
A) originally only job
vacancies in high-tech fields were listed on the
Internet
B)
most newspapers and publications don't have a
section of classified listings
C) many companies are using the
Internet as their management assistants
D) many people can get a
job offer now without going through an interview
4. Dozlic found a better job
__________.
A)
while browsing a website for baseball trades
B) by casually checking out
an online classified ad
C)
because of his curiosity about the Internet
D) because of the
experience he obtained from other jobs
5. Mello searched the Internet for all
the following information except __________.
A) job
vacancies
B) a company's
financial performance
C)
the minimum salary
D) rental properties
译文：
鼠标轻点，美梦成真
还有不到一个月
就要毕业了，
特里萨·
史密斯还没找到合适的工作，
她就读于位于伊利
诺州埃文斯顿的西北大学。就业指导中心建议这位文科生
去查查
JOB-TRAK
网站，该网站
上列出了
45,000
个初级水平的职位。
史密斯选择了四个关键词：
Chicago
（芝加哥）
，
business
（商务）
，
marketing
（
营销）
，
full
time
（全职）
。她马上就找到
45
< br>个工作合乎她的标准，其中一个是芝加哥商业学院行政
助理。四个星期以后，她得
到了这份工作，底薪
32,000
美元。
“我没有受过任何训练，
”
史密斯
说，
“但因特网使用很简单。要是没有因特网，我根本
不会知道
有这份工作。
”
不少美国人鼠标一点
，就找到了自己的工作。史密斯是其中一个，另一个例子是斯蒂
芬·图尔斯。
他住在马里兰州的罗科维尔，
1996
年无意中进到一个招聘网站
CareerBuilder
。他在一
家生产商展展品的公司工作，刚被提升为营销总管，并不想换工作。但
是出于好奇心，
他决
定“试试看”
。<
/p>
图尔斯填写了一份简历，关键词是
market
manager
（行销经理）
，并输入了自己的电子
邮箱地址。
不到一个星期，他的邮箱里就塞满了可供选择的职位
。
他去了两家公司面试，然
后就跳槽了。
“有了因特网，就像雇了一个私人助理，
”图尔斯说。
“你可
以毫不费劲地留意
到一些机会，让你的事业上一个新台阶。
”<
/p>
仅在两年以前，
因特网上提供的工作绝
大部分还局限于高科技领域。
现在，
非技术性的
工作，如售货员、银行职员、秘书等，是网上招聘机会增长最为迅速的部分。大型报纸和专
业出版物的分类广告大多都有在线版，
求职者能搜索到市内、
国内甚至国外的一些工作机会。
马德琳·格拉格和内
德扎德·多兹里克也是通过轻点鼠标，在网上碰到了好运。
1
996
年，圣路易斯的一名高中老师，
28
岁的马德琳·格拉格，想换个工作。有个朋友
提到在日本教书的事，格拉格很感兴趣
。
她访问了著名的
yahoo
！网站，输入了
teaching English in Japa
n
（在日本教英语）
，找到
了一个招聘
机会的列表，
然后按照在线申请的要求提交了申请。
一星期后，
她接到一个电话，
与芝加哥的一名招聘人员进行了面试，得到了
这份工作。
27
岁的内德扎德·多兹里克，当时在浏览
Houston
Chronicle
网站，了解最新的棒球消
< br>息。在线时，他查看了分类广告，发现一家当地的汽车交易商招聘司机。多兹里克是波斯尼
亚的战争难民，
曾从事过多种不同的工作，
但现在他想
换个工作。
他从该交易商的网站上了
解了该职位的更多情况，然
后拨通了上面提供的电话。两天后，他被雇用了。
“真有意思，
”
他说，
“我本来只是在查看体育消息，结果却找到了一份更好
的工作。
”
因特网的另一个好处在于你能够搜索到一些可能的雇主。
1997
年夏天，温蒂·梅洛开
始找工作，
她登录到
CareerBuilder
网站，
发现在马里兰州哥
伦比亚的
Artitron
媒体信息服务
公司的人力资源部有一个空缺。
梅洛鼠标一点，
用电子邮件把
简历寄到了该公司，
很快就收
到面试通知。
为了了解该公司的更多情况，
她又点击了
Artitron
的主页，
以及它的母公司
Ceridian Corp.
的主页，查看了一份该公司的年度报告及其
财政状况。
梅洛还想了解，要想维持现有的生活水平，自己该
赚多少钱。她使用在线薪酬计算器，
把自己目前的收入
$$34,
000
输进去，
再输入
Baltimo
re
（
巴尔的摩，
离哥伦比亚最近的大
城市）
。
短短几秒钟后，电脑屏幕上就闪现出
< br>$$44,000
。
“因为有了这个薪酬计算器，我才知道
自己该
要多少薪水，
”梅洛说。
通过上网进入一家在线房地产服务公司网站，梅洛看到了可供租用的房子的彩色照片，
包括很详细的楼面格局图。
梅洛来到哥伦比亚时，
她觉得自己完全做好了准备。
面试成功了，
第二天，她就得
到了一份工作，薪金是
47,8000
美元。
< br>
“因特网很容易使用，而且确实有效，
”一个求职者说
道，
“你还要什么呢？”
参考答案：
（一）
1
、
It is an
Internet website that lists as many as 45 000 job
opportunities.
2
、
Not necessarily
so. According to Smith, the Internet was very easy
to use. She found her
job online with
no training.
3
、
Because she
wanted a change in her life.
4
、
She searched
the Internet for information about the financial
performance of the company
she
was
interested
in,
the
salary
she
should
ask
for,
and
the
possible
living
accommodations
available to
her there.
5
、
Open.
（二）
1.C,
2.A,
3.A,
4.A,
5.C
?
The Victim
You
could
call
me
a
shop-a-holic,
as
most
of
my
friends
do,
but
I
call
myself
a
lover
of
fashion. Sitting in my
room, I look in my closet at all my belongings and
wonder what else I want
to buy.
Abercrombie, Guess, J Crew and Ralph Lauren are
just a few of the name-brand items that
clutter my room. And I want more. I've
never stopped to question whether I'm getting what
I'm
paying for, though I've always been
a
my future field, marketing, I realize
that I am a victim of advertising. All the things
I want and buy
are influenced by what
magazines, television, and other advertisers tell
me I need to buy.
Everyone
wears
clothes.
They
can
be
a
statement,
a
style,
or
a
definition
of
who
you
are.
They
can
also
be
a
simple
necessity.
For
me,
clothing
has
meant
different
things.
As
a
child,
I
wore
what my mother gave me or the hand-me-downs from
my sister. I never questioned how I
looked, but I liked to dress up.
In
middle
school,
I
became
more
concerned
with
my
appearance,
like
most
girls.
But
as
I
progressed
to high school, advertising became a big
influence. Boys began to notice girls, and all
the girls wanted to look good. The
clothing in high school became something that
defined you; it
identified
you
with
a
certain
group.
Wearing
Abercrombie
jeans
meant
you
were
the
preppy
all-American girl, a Guess shirt meant
you were the snobby rich girl, and anything worse
or less
than that was unacceptable.
In
college, advertising hit me in a different way.
College is a place where typically no one
knows you at first, so you can be
whoever you want to be. There are so many students
and such a
variety of people that
clothing begins to define you less and less and
your personality begins to
define you
more and more. Everyone is growing and changing
and beginning to learn who they
really
are. Yet my friends and I still turn to
advertising, now not only to stay in fashion but
more
so
to
find
our
own
style.
In
my
quest
for
identity,
the
style
of
clothing
I
choose
reflects
me.
It
shows my
personality and shows what type of person I am.
Despite
my
choice
to
have
my
clothing
reflect
and
not
define
me,
I
remain
a
victim
of
advertising. Although I look to ads for
the upcoming styles, I am still affected by the
underlying
images behind them.
Advertising reflects society and also adds to
societal definitions. Advertisers
show
us people around us, yet they choose only a
certain look. By showing us just these people,
they are defining those few as the
beautiful people. Advertising feeds off human
insecurities and
makes us want to be
like these beautiful people. Our insecurities with
wanting to be popular and
wanting to be
loved are used against us. Society fosters the
fascination that we should not be who
we are, and advertisers use this to
influence us to believe certain messages. If we do
not look like
the models, we are not
beautiful. If we are not thin and curvy we are not
attractive. Even if we
have great
personalities, most people will not like us if we
are not physically beautiful.
Advertisers use
our weaknesses to tell us what is new, what we
should be like, what is cool,
and what
is hot. Because human nature makes us want to be
popular and glamorous, we follow the
lead ads give us. Is it the victim's
fault for believing, or the fault of society for
allowing advertisers
to do so? These
are the questions I often ask myself as I enter
the field of marketing. It is very
easy
to use human insecurities as a means of targeting
consumption, but is it right? How will we
ever know unless we step back and stop
reading magazines and watching television? Until
then, I
will remain a victim of
advertising. And so will almost everyone
else.
（一）
Answer the following
questions with the information from the passage.
1. Why do the author’s friends call her
a shop
-a-holic?
does the
author realize that she is a victim of
advertising?
3. Why is clothing very
important to high school girls and not that
important to college
students?
isers portray beautiful models in
advertising. Why do they do that?
you
think there is a way for us to avoid being the
target of advertising?
（二）
Choose
the
best
answer
to
each
question
based
on
the
information
you
obtain from the passage.
1.
It can be concluded that a victim of advertising
is one __________.
A) whose choices are influenced by
advertising when doing shopping
B) who never questions about the money
one pays for one's shopping
C) whose room is cluttered
with a lot of expensive clothes
D) who buys a lot of expensive name-
brand clothes
2. What does the author
mean by calling herself
A) She follows advertisements to do her
shopping.
B) She doesn't
buy clothes at their original prices, but when
they are on sale.
C) She
always asks herself if she's getting what she's
paying for.
D) She usually
buys expensive name-brand items.
3. When in college, the author still
sticks to advertising because __________.
A) she wants to
identify herself with her friends
B) she wants to find the style that
portrays who she is
C) she
wants to wear name-brands to show that she is a
rich girl
D) she wants to
make sure she is always in fashion
4.
Advertising influences us in all of the following
ways except that __________.
A) it presents
the model for us to follow
B) it uses our own insecurities against
us
C) it encourages the
development of personality
D) it reveals our weaknesses to force
us to change
5. We can
infer that __________.
A) nobody can avoid being
influenced by advertising
B) advertising will go on using our
weakness to work against us
C) many people will stop reading
magazines to avoid being influenced by advertising
D) knowledge about
marketing enables one to see how advertising
functions
译文：
广告的受害者
你可以说我是购物狂，
朋友大都这样
说我，
不过我自认为是个时尚爱好者。
坐在房间里，
看着衣橱里所有的东西，我总是在想还有什么要买的。
Abercromb
ie,
Guess,
J
Crew,
Ralph
Laure
n
，还有其他名牌产品，充斥着我的房间，但我还想要更多。我从不考虑我买的东西是<
/p>
否物有所值，虽然我买东西一直都很“精明”
，买的都是打折的商
品。然而，我对将来要从
事的营销领域了解越深入，就越明白自己原来是深受广告的左右
。
我想要的，我所买的，都
受到杂志、电视或别的广告商的影响
，它们在告诉我该买些什么。
<
/p>
人人都穿衣服，
衣着可以展现个性，
显示
品味，定义性格，也可以只是为了满足基本的
需求。对我而言，衣着在不同时期有不同的
意义。小时候，妈妈给什么我就穿什么，要不就
穿姐姐的旧衣服。我从不考虑衣着打扮，
不过我喜欢穿得漂漂亮亮的。
<
/p>
初中时，像大多数女生一样，我开始在意自己的打扮。但从高中开始，
广告对我产生了
很大的影响。
男生开始留意女生，
每个女生都想打扮得漂漂亮亮。
高中时衣着界定你的身份，
并将你归入某一群体。穿
Abercrombie
牌
的牛仔裤说明你是典型的美国女生，干净利落；穿
Guess
的
衬衫说明你是富家千金，自命不凡，任何其他差一些的衣服都是不可接受的。
上大学后，
广告又用另外的方式影响着我。大学里，
最初通常没有人认识你，
所以你想
怎样穿戴都行。
学生很多，而且什么人都有，
以穿戴看人的情况越来越少，
以个性判断人的
情况越来越多。
每个人都在成长、
改变，
开始为真正的自己定位。
我和朋友们依然关注广告，
不过现
在不只是为了紧跟时尚，
更多的是想找到自己的风格。
在寻找个
性的过程中，
我所选
择的衣服样式反映我，显示我的个性，表明
我是哪种类型的人。
虽然我决心让衣服反映，
而不是代表我本人，
但广
告还是在左右着我。
虽然我看广告的
目的是想了解最新潮流，<
/p>
可我还是会受到广告的潜在信息的影响。
广告反映社会，
也丰富了
社会的含义。
广告给我们看到的是我们
身边的人，
但他们只选择特定的类型。
通过展现这一
类人，
广告将这极少数人定义为俊男美女。
广告利
用人们不甘人后的心理，
怂恿我们去学这
些俊男美女。我们想受
人欢迎、
想得到拥戴，
这些心理正好被用来对付我们自己。
人们向往
变成别的模样，
社会又推波助澜，
广告就利用这些来影响我们去相信某些信息：
要是穿戴与
模特有差距，就不能算漂亮；要是不苗条，曲线不美，就没有吸引力；要是其貌不扬，就算
性格再好，大多数人还是不会喜欢我们。
广告利用我们的弱点告诉我们什么最新潮，
< br>我们应该是什么样子，
什么最酷，
什么最热
门。我们都想受人欢迎，魅力四射，这是人性使然，所以我们会对广告言听计从。这应该怪
人们相信广告吗？还是该怪社会纵容广告误导人？我进入营销业之后，
经常
考虑的就是这些
问题。
利用人的不甘人后的心理来促进消费固然
是件轻而易举的事，
但这样做对吗？要想找
出答案，我们就得退
一步，不再读杂志，不再看电视。不然的话，我还是摆脱不了广告的左
右。别的人也是如
此。
参考答案：
（一）
1
、
They do so
because she likes shopping and keeps a lot of
name-brand items in her room.
2
、
She realizes
that she is a victim of advertising when she
learns more about marketing.
3
、
Because high
school girls are defined and identified by their
clothing, but college students are
defined by their personality rather
than by their clothing.
4
、
They use those
beautiful models to pass this message to us: if we
want to be popular, loved, and
attractive, we should follow these
models.
5
、
Open.
（二）
1. A; 2. B; 3. B; 4. C;
5. D
?
Death of
a Dream
They boarded the plane
in New York City
with high
hopes. The 18 members of the United
States
figure
skating
team would
fly
to
Brussels,
Belgium.
Then
they
were
to
go on
to Prague,
Czechoslovakia, for the world ice
skating championships. A photo was taken of the
team members
as they stood on the steps
of the Sabena Airlines 707 jet. The best of
America
’
s skaters beamed
for the camera. Mostly young, they
laughed and giggled, their eyes dancing with
excitement. This
was going to be the
time of their lives.
There were three ice skating pairs on
the plane. Two were brother-and-sister teams:
Laurie and
William Hickox and Ida and
Ray Hadley. There was also the husband-and-wife
team of Patricia
and
Robert
Dineen.
But
the
brightest
star
of
all
was
a
singles
skater.
Her
name
was
Laurence
“
Laurie<
/p>
”
Owen. Only 16
years old, she had won the North American title
for women just two
days earlier. Laurie
had great skill, dazzling grace, and a winning
smile.
Laurie
came
from
a
skating
family.
Her
mother,
Maribel,
had
won
the
U.S
figure
skating
championship
nine
times.
Laurie
had
an
older
sister
who
shared
her
mother
’
s
name.
Maribel
Owen, age 20, was not quite as strong a
skater as Laurie. Still, she had just won the U.S.
senior
pairs championship. All three of
the Owen women were on the plane bound for
Brussels.
Sabena Flight 548 took off
at 7:30 P.M. on February 14, 1961. The flight
across the Atlantic
was pleasant. Early
the next day, the plane neared the airport at
Brussels. There seemed to be no
cause
for
concern.
There
was
no
distress
signal
of
any
kind
from
the
pilot,
Captain
Louis
Lambrechts. There were no storms or
high winds in the region. In fact, the weather was
perfect. It
was warm and
sunny.
But something
must have gone wrong in the cockpit. During the
last few minutes before the
scheduled
landing,
Captain
Lambrechts
did
not
contact
the
Brussels
airport.
Just
before
10:00
A.M., he lowered the wheels of the jet
and began his approach to land. But, at the last
moment, he
pulled the plane up. Perhaps
he saw another jet taking off and feared a
collision. Or perhaps he
already
knew
that
something
was
wrong
with
his
plane.
In
any
case,
he
circled
the
airport
and
prepared to try again.
Lambrechts came in a second time,
flying about 500 feet over a farm near the village
of Berg,
northeast
of
Brussels.
Then
he
suddenly
increased
his
speed
and
pulled
the
plane
into
a
steep
climb.
By
this
time,
officials
in
the
Brussels
control
tower
could
tell
that
something
was
very
wrong.
“
We saw the crash
coming,
”
said one
official.
“
They
couldn
’
t have been
faster,
”
the
official said.
“
But there was nothing they
could do.
”
A man riding on
a train saw that the plane was in trouble.
“
The plane appeared to be
making a
normal approach to land when
it suddenly reared up into the
sky,
”
he said.
“
Then it fell back like
a great stone and we heard the
explosion.
”
It was 10:05
A.M. when the Sabena jet hit the ground and
exploded in a ball of flames. It just
missed hitting a row of houses. All 72
people on board were killed, including 49
Americans and 11
members
of
the
crew.
There
was
nothing
anyone
could
do.
The
crash
site
was
a
scene
of
total
destruction. Debris was scattered over
200 yards. Charred remains and body parts were
strewn all
over the area. Several
couples on the plane were found locked in a final
embrace.
The crash
stunned skaters and figure skating fans around the
globe. Never before had anything
so
tragic happened in their sport. To honor the dead,
the Prague competition was canceled. The
crash was particularly devastating for
some families. In addition to the Owen family,
with its loss
of three women, nine
other skating families suffered more than one
death. The hopes and dreams
of these
athletes had ended in a flash. All that remained
as rescuers combed through the wreckage
were three pairs of melted skates
dangling from one of the wings.
（一）
Answer the following
questions with the information from the passage.
1. Who was a better skater, Laurie or
her sister Maribel?
was the weather
like that day?
3. How many times did
the pilot try to land?
did officials
in the Brussels control tower sense that there
must be something wrong
with the plane?
do you think was the impact of this
plane crash on the sport of skating in the U.S.?
（二）
Choose
the
best
answer
to
each
question
based
on
the
information
you
obtain from the passage.
1. The 1961 world ice skating
competition was planned to be held __________.
A) in New York
B) in Brussels
C) in Berg
D) in
Prague
2. The American
skaters were excited when they boarded the plane
because __________.
A) they were going to fly to Brussels
and Prague
B) they were a
group of young and energetic athletes
C) they were heading for a great time
in their lives
D) they had
a large team of eighteen members
3. We
can infer from the passage that __________.
A) Laurie was
selected into the team for Prague because she won
the North American title
for women
B)
a
skater
in
a
family
is
likely
to
influence
other
members
of
the
family
so
that
they
become
skaters too
C) Laurie's
mother taught her and her sister, Maribel, how to
skate when they were little
girls
D) Maribel became
successful in skating in the United States earlier
than her sister Laurie
4. A witness of
the plane crash reported seeing all of the
following except that __________.
A) the plane was about to
land normally
B) the plane
was circling the airport
C)
the plane climbed suddenly and steeply
D) the plane crashed onto
the ground
5. To show mourning for the
skaters who were killed in the plane crash,
__________.
A)
the skating competition for that year was
cancelled
B) the rescuers
searched the wreckage for melted skates
C) skaters and skating fans
helped to collect scattered debris
D) skating fans cried because of the
death of their dreams and hopes
译文：
梦断魂萦
在纽约，美国花样滑冰队的
18
名成员
踌躇满志地登上飞机。他们将飞往比利时的布鲁
塞尔，在那儿转机，到（前）捷克斯洛伐
克去参加在布拉格举办的世界花样滑冰锦标赛。站
在比利时沙比那航空公司的
707
喷气机的舷梯上，
全体成员合影留念。
这批全美顶尖的滑冰
运动员在照相机前笑脸盈盈，
< br>开心地笑着，
眼睛里舞动着激动与兴奋。
这将成为他们生
命中
珍贵的一刻。
机上有三对双人组合，
其中两对是兄
妹组合：
希科克斯兄妹和哈德利兄妹，
另一对是夫
妻搭档，迪宁夫妇。但众星之中最耀眼的是一名单人滑选手。她叫劳伦斯·欧文，人称“劳
利”
。年仅
16
岁的她，
两天前刚夺得北美花样滑冰女子冠军。劳利技巧娴熟，优雅无比，笑
靥如花。
劳利出生于滑冰世
家。
母亲玛丽贝尔曾九次将美国花样滑冰冠军收入囊中。
劳利还
有一
个姐姐，与母亲同名。玛丽贝尔·欧文
20
岁，实力不如劳利，但也刚刚获得美国双人滑大
龄组的冠军。欧文家的三员女将
都在飞往布鲁塞尔的航班上。
<
/p>
1961
年
2
月
14
日下午
7
点
30
分，沙比那
548
号航班起飞了。飞越大西洋的航程是很
惬意的。第二天一早，飞机飞临布鲁塞
尔的机场，没有任何异常。驾驶飞机的路易斯·兰布
莱奇机长，没有发出任何遇难信号。
该地区没有暴风雨，也没有大风。事实上，天气很好，
暖和而晴朗。
但驾驶员座舱肯定出了什么
差错。
在预定着陆的最后几分钟内，
兰布莱奇机长没有与布
鲁塞尔机场联系。快到上午十点时，他放下了起落架，开始着陆。但在最后一刻，他又把飞<
/p>
机机头拉起往上攀升。
也许他看见另一架飞机正在起飞，
害怕撞机。
也许他已经知道他的飞
机出了故障。
不管怎么样，他绕着机场飞了一圈，再次尝试着陆。
兰布莱奇第二次出现了，
飞过布鲁塞
尔东北部的一个叫博格的村庄附近的农场，
飞行了
大约
500
英尺。
突然他猛地提速，飞机急遽攀升。
这时候，布鲁塞尔控制塔的官员们知道大
事不妙了。
“我们眼睁睁地看着惨剧发生，
”有个官员说。
“
他们的反应够快的了，可是无能
为力，
”他说。
有个坐火车的人看见飞
机出问题了。
“飞机好像准备正常着陆，
突然又攀升到天空，<
/p>
”
他
说。
“然后
掉了下来，像块大石头一样，接着我们就听见了爆炸声。
”
10
点<
/p>
05
分，飞机撞到地面爆炸了，燃成了一团火球。
还险些就撞上一排房子。
机上
72
人全部遇难，其中包括
49
名美国人和
11
名机组人员。人们无能为力。失事现场一片狼藉。
碎片
散落到
200
码开外。
烧焦的残骸以及
肢体满地都是。
机上的几对夫妇最后一次紧紧抱在
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