英国君主立宪制的建立及影响

The Development Processes of British

Constitutional Monarchy and Its Influences

to the Great Britain

Abstraction

In the year 1066, William

Ⅰ

conquered England and brought Feudal System

to this island country. In 1215, King John was forced to accept Magna Charta

and the monarchy’s power began to reduce.

And in 1689, William of Orange

and

Mary

Ⅱ

accepted Bill of

Rights,

the

Constitutional Monarchy

began. This

made

great

changes

in

British

politics,

society

and

economic,

help

England

grow up quickly and became the word

’

s leading powers.

Ⅰ

. Introduction

Monarchy

is

the

oldest

form

of

government

in

the

United

Kingdom.

The

British

monarchy

is

known

as

a

constitution

monarchy.

And

a

Constitution

Monarchy is a form of the government in which a monarch acts as the head of

the

state,

the

ability

to

make

and

pass

legislation

resides

within

an

elected

Parliament.

The

Great

Britain

is

the

earliest

country

which

established

the

Constitutional Monarchy after the English Glorious Revolution. In the mid-13

th

century,

the

lords

won

the

fight

against

the

King

Henry

Ⅲ

,

and

set

up

the

parliament.

In

the

14th

century,

the

parliament

after

was

separated

into

The

House

of

Commons

and

the

House

of

Lords.

After

that,

The

House

of

Commons’ power began to increase. At the end of 15

th

century, The House of

Common had powers that put forward some Bills. After the Glorious Revolution,

parliament

successively

launched

the

Bill

of

Rights

and

The

Low

of

Throne

Inheritance; legally confirmed

power the king. British Constitutional Monarchy then established.

Ⅱ

. History of Constitutional Monarchy-----From Feudal System

to Constitutional System

The origins of constitutional monarchy in Britain go back to a long way. Until

the

end

of

the

17

th

century,

British

monarchs

were

an

executive

monarch,

which

means

that

they

had

he

right

make

and

pass

legislation.

But

even

in

early time there were occasions when the Sovereign had to act in accordance

with the law and take into account the will of the paper. With the signing Magna

Charta in 1215, for example, the leading noblemen of England succeeded in

forcing King John to accept that they and other freemen had rights against the

Crown.

In

17

th

century,

the

Stuart

kings

propagated

the

theory

of

the

divine

right of kings, claiming that the Sovereign was subject only to God and not to

the law. Widespread unrest against their rule led to civil war in the second half

of the 17

th

century. In 1688-1689 Parliamentarians drew up the Bill of Rights,

which established basic tenets such as the supremacy of Parliament.

The constitutional monarchy we know today really developed in the 18

th

and

19

th

centuries,

as

day-to-day

power

came

to

be

exercised

by

Ministers

in

Cabinet, and by Parliaments elected by a steadily-widening electorate.

As

a

system

of

government,

constitutional

monarchy

has

much

strength.

One is that it separates out the ceremonial and official duties of the Head of

State from party politics.

Another is that it provides stability, continuity and a

national

focus,

since

the

Head

of

State

remains

the

same

even

as

governments come and go.

Ⅲ

. The Characteristics

1. The king

is the head of the state can’t treat

his country

The king or the queen should exercise their administration power according

to the parliament willing. The king or the queen is namely the head of the state,

the

commander

of

the

armed

forces

of

the

UK,

and

the

Anglican

hereditary

leaders.

Considering

legal

statues,

the

king

or

the

queen

can

appoint

or

dismiss the prime minister, chancellors of each department, senior judge and

the

governor

of

British

dependence.

In

fact,

the

king

or

the

queen

in

the

position

that

is

the

head

of

the

state

without

treatment.

Comparing

with

the

Feudal System, the king or the queen should obey the law, and the king or the

queen

has

already

became

the

symbol

of

the

whole

nation.

Although

the

British Sovereign (currently Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth

Ⅱ

) no longer has an

executive role, she still retains an important political potential role as Head of

State,

undertaking

constitutional

and

representational

duties

which

have

developed over one thousand years of history. She acts as a focus for national

identity,

unity

and

pride;

gives

a

sense

of

stability

and

continuity;

officially

recognizes

success

and

excellence;

and

support

the

ideal

of

public

and

voluntary service. In all these roles the Queen is supported by members of her

immediate family.

2. Parliament become the centre of the national power

Parliament has the right of legislature, the right of administration supervision

and the right controlling the finance. On the surface, the parliament pass the

bill

should

require

the

king

or

the

queen

’

s

agreement.

But

in

fact,

the

phenomenon

is

just

a

kind

of

form.

Since

18

th

century,

the

king

had

never

vetoed the legislations passed by the parliament.

3. The king or the queen should believe in Anglicanism.

The king or the queen must be Anglican (that is the Protestant), the Catholic

or anyone who married to the Catholic,

couldn’t

be the king or the queen of

Great Britain.

Ⅳ

. The Shadow Influences to the Great Britain

1. The influence to the economic--- from weak to the world factory

From the economic view, the constitutional monarchy provided the support

to the development of the economic and capitalism in Britain.

With

the

improvement

of

the

political

system,

the

Britain

took

place

the

industry revolution in the middle of that century. The innovation of science and

technology improved the productivity. The Britain began to crazily expanded all

over

the

world

by

the

powerful

military

and

economic

background.

Even

its

strength had influenced

most area and the population in the world. Its global

advantage

is

owed

to

its

advantageous

political

system.

The

constitutional

monarchy made Britain get the leading position in the global industrialization

process and get the unprecedented glory. At this time, several great inventions

had

invited.

And

from

the

angle

of

economy,

the

constitutional

monarchy

provided

the

support

to

the

development

of

capitalism

in

Britain.

With

the

improvement

of

the

political

system,

the

Britain

took

place

the

industry

revolution

in

the

middle

of

that

century.

The

innovation

of

science

and

technology improved the productivity. The Britain began to crazily expanded all

over

the

world

by

the

powerful

military

and

economic

background.

Even

its

strength had influenced

most area and the population in the world. Its global

advantage

owed

to

its

advantageous

political

system.

The

constitutional

monarchy made Britain get the leading position in the global industrialization

process and get the unprecedented glory.

What is more, the British constitution monarchy made a good foundation on

policy. This made England grow up quickly in economy. As the foundation, the

Great Britain is the first county started the Industry Revolution. And this time,

the

British

economic

developed

quickly.

Soon

after

that

the

first

EXPO

was

held

in

London

Hyde

Park.

The

Great

Britain

became

world

factory,

and

became to be the superpower of the world.

2.

The

influence

to

the

politics---

from world

factory

to

the

Empire

sun

never sets

From

the

political

view,

the

constitutional

monarchy

ended

the

feudal

autarchy and founded the republic regime for the bourgeois, which made the

Britain

choose

the

politics

democratization,

and

improve

the

country

onto

a

political modernization. All kinds of political strength could realize their ideas,

and make the struggles in the ordered conditions and make the Britain obtain

the system and politics stabilities.

Firstly,

Constitutional

monarchy

ended

Feudal

autocratic

system

and

ensured

the

capital

Regime.

From

the

angle

of

politics,

the

constitutional

monarchy ended the feudal autarchy and founded the republic regime for the

bourgeois,

which

made

the

Britain

choose

the

politics

democratization,

and

improve the country onto a political modernization. All kinds of political strength

could realize their ideas, and make the struggles in the ordered conditions and

make the Britain obtain the system and politics stabilities.

Secondly,

The

Britain set

the

new

political model to other countries

in

the

world.

Britain

was

the first

country

founding

the

constitutional monarchy;

the

foundation

and

the

improvement

of

the

system

not

only

influence

the

government

of

bourgeois,

but

also

influence

other

countries.

This

was

the

contribution

to

the

whole

world.

All

in

all,

the

constitutional

monarchy

represented the trend of historical development, and it was the huge progress

of history.

Most importantly, the constitution monarchy help Britain get out of poor and

weak. And became one of the most important reasons why The Great Britain

developed and became the host of the world at that time.

4. The negative influences.

Of course, there are also some negative influences. My points of view of the

influences are listed as below.

Firstly,

corruption

caused

by

constitutional

monarchy

led

to

the

ruling

of