2020高考英语三模前任务型阅读专题练12(学生版)三年真题研读专练

三年真题·研读专练

三模前任务型阅读专题练

12

题组一

If you are a perfectionist, you’re probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right.

According to researchers, perfectionists hold themselves to unrealistically high standards and become self-critical if

they be

lieve they haven’t met these standards. Perfectionists are also likely to feel guilty if they experience failures,

which often leads them to avoid situations where they are worried that they might fail.

In one study, researchers looked at how perfectionism changes over time. The researchers reviewed previously

collected data from over 41,000 college students. They found that college students reported increasing levels of

perfectionism: they helped themselves to higher standards, and felt there were higher expectations placed on them.

More importantly, what increased the most was the social expectations that young adults picked up on from the

surrounding environment. The researchers assumed that this could be because society is increasingly competitive:

college students might pick up on these pressures from their parents and society, which would increase perfectionist

tendencies.

Although many people see the pursuit(

追求

)of excellence as a good thing, researchers have found that in

extreme cases, perfectionism is actually linked to poorer mental health. In one study, researchers looked at a total of

284 studies and found that perfectionists felt depressed and anxious and even had eating disorders. They also found

that people higher in perfectionism also reported higher levels of overall psychological distress(

痛苦

).In other

words, although people may think of their perfectionism as something that helps them succeed, it appears that their

perfectionism may actually be harmful to their mental health.

So, is perfectionism always harmful? Psychologists have debated this point, with some suggesting that there

can be such a thing as adaptive perfectionism, in which people hold themselves to high standards without being

involved in self-criticism over mistakes they make. Ho

wever, other psychologists suggest that perfectionism isn’t

adaptive: according to these researchers, perfectionism is more than just holding yourself to high standards, and

they don’t think perfectionism is beneficial.

Anyhow, although perfectionism is linked to negative outcomes, the good news is that perfectionism is

something that can be changed. One possible alternative to perfectionism involves developing what psychologists

call a growth mindset. In their opinion, we should believe that our abilities, including intelligence, can be

developed with effort and good learning strategies so that we are motivated to work hard and won’t give up when

things get challenging. Another potential alternative to perfectionism is to develop self- compassion(

自我同情

)

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三年真题·研读专练

—

that is to say, we should treat ourselves kindly when we make mistakes, remind ourselves that mistakes are part

of being humans, and avoid being consumed with negative emotions. Overall, as long as we take efforts, it’s

possible to overcome perfectionism and develop a healthier way of setting goals for ourselves.

Perfectionism

●Perfectionism refers to someone’s

(71)

▲

for everything to be right.

Introduction

●Perfectionists tend to set high and unrealistic standards for themselves.

●When perfectionists don’t

(72)

▲

, they will blame themselves and stay away

from situations where they may experience failures.

The levels of perfectionism in college students are on the (73)

▲

.

A study of

perfectionism

●They expect too much of themselves.

●They becom

e (74)

▲

because they are aware of their parents’ high expectations

and the competitive society.

(75)

▲

of

perfectionism

●Perfectionists kind of experience depression

, anxiety and eating disorders.

●People who are strongly identified with perfec

tionist qualities suffer more

(76)

▲

.

●There is

(77)

▲

perfectionism where perfectionists can set high standards for

Arguments over

perfectionism

themselves but won’t blame themselves for their mistakes.

●Perfectionism isn’t limited to holding

oneself to high standards and it can’t be of

(78)

▲

to people.

Approaches to

(79)

▲

over

perfectionism

●Develop a growth mindset so that you have motivation to work hard and get through

tough situations.

●Be kind to yourself despite your mis

takes or failures and (80)

▲

yourself from

negative emotions.

题组二

Public Speaking

Public speaking can be defined as the act of making a speech in front of a group of listeners. Compared with

conversation, usually public speaking is more of a “one

-way

” talking.

There are three types of public speaking. An informative speech has a purpose to inform, or give knowledge to

its audience about something that they probably did not know of before. The important thing to watch is not to put

in too much information. Besides, the speaker would try to change the mindset, perception, or behavior of the

audience for their own good. The speaker needs to look for common ground with the audience and try to relate to

what they might agree on. The last type is a ceremonial speech. It tends to be less formal and more personal than

the other types of speeches. No matter how well you know the person you are giving speech about, try not to say

bad things about them, even if it is meant to be a joke.

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三年真题·研读专练

The key to perfecting anything is through practice, including public speaking. Aside from it, a speaker is to

know who the audience will be. Try to get as much information as possible regarding this particular area.

Knowing the “battlefield” in advance will give the speakers a huge

advantage. They would be able to plan

beforehand, for example, where they want to stand, and how they are going to face the audience. Last, as is

mentioned above, practice is necessary. Sparing some time to practice will help build confidence and help

determine how long the presentation will last.

Language is the main aspect a speaker needs to pay attention to while giving a speech. It needs to be used

clearly. A speaker needs to choose their words carefully and make it clear to the audience what they mean by it.

Often, when given a speech, the audience look to the speaker to give them something new and useful. Thus, the

speaker needs to know how to deliver their speech to fulfill the aud?ience’s expectations. Language and delivery

alone will not be sufficient if the speaker does not have the body language. The movement and gesture of a speaker

also affect the audience. For example, if the speaker keeps pacing around the room, it will distract the audience

from the topic and confuse them. When speaking in front of a small audience, you can look briefly from one person

to another, but in a larger audience, it is not better to do so. While closing the speech or presentation, speakers can

restate their main points, just to remind the audience of the important things that have been said. They can also end

it with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questions.

Public Speaking

A common

phenomenon

In public speaking, often a speaker gives a talk, others just listening, without

(71)

▲

information.

●An informative speech is to

(72)

▲

the audience with

Types of

public

speaking

an appropriate brand new knowledge.

●A persuasive speech is used to convince the audience. Therefore,

finding

(73)

▲

between a speaker and the audience is important.

●A

ceremonial

speech

is

relatively

(74)

▲

and

private.

However,

don’t say bad things even if they are acquaintances.

●Know

the

listeners’

identities

and

get

much

information

about

the

topic.

Making

(75)

▲

for the

speech

●Know how the “battlefield” is

(76)

▲

out in advance to plan

beforehand.

●Spare time to practice to build confidence and decide the

(77)

▲

of the presentation.

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三年真题·研读专练

●

(78)

▲

using ambiguous words and know how to meet

the audience’s

expectations.

●Use the body language,

(79)

▲

glancing at a small audience from

Presenting

the speech

one person to another.

●Restate

important

points

when

closing

the

speech

to

give

the

audience

a

deep (80)

▲

．

●End

a

speech

or

presentation

with

a

special

message

and

encourage

the

audience to ask questions.

题组三

Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life

worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, i

t is

now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.

The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it

is a flawed(

有缺陷的

)concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent

measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth

figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings

about what it

could do to their country’s economic prospects.

A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that

question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic

growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40

different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more

rounded assessment of how countries are performing.

While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has

been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and

education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively

poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality

and the environment.

This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a

country’s success, the world looks very different.

So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the

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