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春节习俗 Customs of the Spring Festival

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-10 03:39
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2021年2月10日发(作者:强)



节习




Custom


s of the Spring Festival


The Spring Festival is a traditional Chinese festival and also the m


ost important one of


the whole year. Through the evolvem


ent of thousands of years, a series of custom


s


are spreading far and wide.


扫尘



Sweeping the Dust


“Dust” is hom


ophonic with “chen”(




in Chinese, which m


eans old and past. In this


way, “sweeping the dust” before the Spring Festival m


eans a thorough cleaning of


houses to sweep away bad luck in the past year. This custom


shows a good wish of


putting away old things to welcom


e a new life. In a word, just before the Spring Festival


com


es, every household will give a thorough cleaning to bid farewell to the old year


and usher in the new.






Pasting Spring Couplets


“The Spring Couplet”, also called “couplet” and “a pair of antithetical phrases”, is a


special form of literature in China. The Spring Couplet is com


posed of two antithetical


sentences on both sides of the door and a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription,


usually an auspicious phrase, above the gate. The sentence pasting on the right side


of the door is called the first line of the couplet and the one on the left the second line.


On the eve of the Spring Festival, every household will paste on doors a spring couplet


written on red paper to give a happy and prosperous atm


osphere of the Festival. In the


past, the Chinese usually wrote their own spring couplet with a brush or asked others to


do for them


, while nowadays, it is common for people to buy the printed spring


couplet in the m


arket.



窗花和“福”字



Pasting Paper-


cuts and “Up


-


sided Fu”



Paper-cuts, usually with auspicious patterns, give a happy and prosperous


atm


osphere of the Festival and express the good wishes of Chinese people looking


forward to a good life. In addition to pasting paper-cuts on windows, it is comm


on for


Chinese to paste the character “fu


(福)


”, big and sm


all, on walls, doors and doorposts


around the houses. “Fu(福)” shows people’s yearning toward a good life. Som


e


people even invert the character “fu(福)” to signify that blessing has arrived because


“inverted” is a hom


onym


for “arrive” in Chi


nese. Now m


any kinds of paper-cuts and


“fu(福)” can be seen in the m


arket before the Festival.






Staying Up Late on New Year's Eve




The tradition of staying up late to see New Year in originated from


an interesting folk


tale. In ancient China there lived a m


onster named Year, who was very ferocious. Year


always went out from


its burrow on New Year’s Eve to devour people. Therefore, on


every New Year’s Eve, every household would have supper together. After dinner, no


one dared go to sleep and all the fam


ily


m


embers would sit together, chatting and


em


boldening each other. Gradually the habit of staying up late on New Year’s Eve is


form


ed. Thus in China, “celebrating the Spring Festival” is also called “passing over


the year (guo nian)”. However, now there are


less and less people in cities who will


stay up late to see New Year in.






Pasting New Year Prints


The custom


of pasting New Year Prints originated from


the tradition of placing Door


Gods on the external doors of houses. With the creation of board carvings, New Year


paintings cover a wide range of subjects. The m


ost fam


ous ones are Door Gods,


Surplus Year after Year, Three Gods of Blessing, Salary and Longevity, An Abundant


Harvest of Crops, Thriving Dom


estic Animals and Celebrating Spring. Four producing


areas of New Year Print are T


ɑ


ohu


ɑ


wu of Suzhou, Y


ɑ


ngliuqing of Tianjin, Wuqi


ɑ


ng of


Hebei and Weifang of Shangdong. Now the tradition of pasting New Year paintings is


still kept in rural China, while it is seldom


followed in cities.







Having Jiaozi


On New Year’s Eve, the whole fam


ily


will sit together to m


ake jiaozi and celebrate the


Spring Festival. The shape of jiaozi is like gold ingot from


ancient China. So people eat


them


and wish for m


oney and treasure. The tradition of having jiaozi is very im


portant


during the Spring Festival. You cannot have a com


plete Spring Festival without having


jiaozi. (See page 82 for m


ore information about “jiaozi”)



看春


节联欢晚会



The CCTV New Year's Gala



The New Year’s Gala is a variety show held by China Central Television (CCTV) since


1983. For every year since then at the turn of the Lunar New Year, the program begins


at 8:00PM and lasts five or six hours. It brings laughter to billions of people, creates


many popular words and produces lots of TV phenom


ena m


eriting attention. For over


twenty


years, its value has gone far beyond a variety show. It is essential entertainment


for the Chinese both at hom


e and abroad. Many Chinese would like to watch the gala


while having the dinner on New Year’s Eve.



放鞭炮



Setting off Firecrackers



The firecracker is a unique product in China. In ancient China, the sound of burning


bamboo tubes was used to scare away wild animals and evil spirits. With the invention


of the gunpowder, “firecracker” is also called “鞭炮


biānpào” (“炮” in Chinese m


eans


gun) and used to foster a joyful atm


osphere. The first thing every Chinese household


does is to set off firecrackers and fireworks, which are meant to bid farewell to the old


year and usher in the new. In the past few years, such an activity was com


pletely or


partially forbidden in big cities including Beijing due to fire and personal casualty


caused by burning firecrackers. However, som


e Chinese thought that a Spring Festival


without firecrackers was not lively enough and they burned firecrackers by stealth. So


in recent years, the ban was canceled again. This shows that burning firecrackers is a


very important activity during the Spring Festival.


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