-
Amenta
This symbol represents the Underworld
or Land of the Dead. Originally it meant the
horizon of
the sun set. Later, it
became the symbol of the west bank of the Nile,
where the sun set and also
where the
Egyptians traditionally buried their dead.
阿门塔
这
个符号表现了阴间或死亡陆地。
最初它意味太阳落下的地平线。
后来，
它成为尼罗河西岸
的符号，在那里太阳落下而也是埃及人
传说上埋葬他们死者的地方。
Akhet
This
symbol
represents
the
horizon
from
which
the
sun
emerged
and
disappeared.
The
horizon
thus embodied the
idea of both sunrise and sunset. It is similar to
the two peaks of the Djew or
mountain
symbol with solar disk in the center. Both the
beginning and the end of each day was
guarded by Aker, a double lion god. In
the New Kingdom, Harmakhet (
became the
god of the rising and setting sun. He was pictured
as a falcon, or as a sphinx with the
body of a lion. The Great Sphinx of
Giza is an example of
Akhet
这个符号表现了地平
线，
自地平线上太阳显现和消失。
这样地平线就具体表达了既是
日出又
是日落的想法。
它类似
Djew
的两个山峰或以太阳圆盘为中心的山脉符号。
Aker
守护的每一
天开始和结束，一双重狮神。在新的王国
Harmakhet
（
“
在地平线
的何露斯
”
）成为了正在升
起和落下的
太阳神。他是猎鹰的化身，或具有狮子身体的
[
希神
]
斯芬克斯
(
有翼的狮身
女怪
,
传说她常叫过路行人猜谜
,
猜不出者即遭杀害
)
。伟大的吉萨斯芬
克斯就是
“
在地平线的何露
斯
”
的一个例子。
[<
/p>
女尸注：洪水季（
Akhet
）
、冬季（播种季，
Peret
）和夏季（收获季
，
Shemu
）
。不知有何关
系
]
Ankh
Symbol
of
eternal
life.
The
gods
are
often
seen
holding
an
ankh
to
someone's
lips
this
is
considered to be an offering of
T<
/p>
形十字章
(
古埃及生命的象征
)
永生的符号。经常看见众神握着
T
形十字章至某人的嘴唇，这被认为是
“
生命气息
”
的献祭。
你将要在死后需要这气息。
Ba
The Ba is what we might
call someones personality. It would leave the body
at the time of death.
During the days
the Ba would make itself useful, at night it would
return to the tomb. At this time,
it
would look for the person to which it belonged.
This would be the mummy, however, often the
egyptians would supply the Ba with a
statue in the likeness of the deceased in case the
mummy
was lost or damaged.
Ba
Ba
可以称为某人的个性。
在死亡时它会离开肉体。
在白天
Ba
会使它自己有用，
< br>在晚上它就
回到坟墓里。在这时，它会寻找它居住的身体。这可以是木乃伊，
然而常常埃及人会提供象
死者的雕像，在这情形下木乃伊就失去了或
损坏了。
Canopic Jars
During
mummification
the
internal
organs
were
removed
and
placed
in
four
containers.
These
containers
often
have
human
or
animal-headed
stoppers.
The
word,
canopic,
comes
from
the
Greek
name
of
the
local
god
of
Canopus
in
the
Nile
delta,
who
was
represented
as
a
human-headed
pot.
Canopic
jars
can
be
made
of
limestone,
alabaster,
wood,
pottery,
or
even
cartonnage.
有罩盖的罐
在木乃伊化期间内脏被摘
除放进四个容器内。
这些容器经常具有人或动物头形的塞子。
有
罩
盖的这个词，
从在尼罗河三角洲本地
Canopus
神希腊名称演变而来，
她是以人头形罐那样去<
/p>
表现。有罩盖的罐可以由石灰石、石膏、木头、陶器、甚至是
ca
rtonnage
做成。
The heads of
the canopic jar represented the Four Sons of Horus
From left to right they are;
有罩盖的罐头表现了何露斯四个儿子，从左至右他们是；
Imsety: The human headed guardian of
the liver
姆塞提
:
守护肝脏人头形
Qebekh-
sennuef: The falcon headed guardian of the
intestines.
Qebekh-sennuef:
守护肠脏猎鹰头形
Hapy: The
baboon headed guardian of the lungs
哈比
:
守护肺的狒狒头形
Duamutef: The
jackal or wild dog headed guardian of the stomach.
杜米特夫
:
守护胃的豺或野狗头形
Cartouche - Shenu
More commonly know as a cartouche. The
shape represents a loop of rope in which a name is
written. A protector of that name.
椭圆形轮廓
- Shenu
普遍认为
是椭圆形轮廓。形状表现了一条绳圈，在绳圈里写有一个名称。名称的保护者。
Crowns
王冠
Hedjet
The
White Crown. This was the crown of Upper Egypt
(southern).
Hedjet
白色王冠。这个是上埃及（南部的）
。
Pshent
The Double Crown,
the red crown and the white crown put together to
represent a unified Egypt.
Although
Egypt
was
not
always
a
unified
nation
it
was
stronger
that
ore
unification
was desirable.
Narmer (Menes), the founder of the First Dynasty
around 3100 B.C., was the first
man
recorded wearing this crown.
Pshent
双王冠，
红王冠和白王冠加在一起表现统一的埃及。
尽
管埃及不总是一个一体化国家，
那样
它更强大。因此统一是合乎
愿望的。
Narmer
（美尼斯，埃及统一后第一代国王）
，大约公元
前
3100
年第一王朝的创建者，已记录的戴这王冠的第一人。
Atef
The atef crown was worn by Osiris. It
is made up of the white crown of Upper Egypt and
the red
feathers are representative of
Busiris, Osiris's cult center in the Delta.
阿特夫
由奥斯里斯（司阴府之神
,
地狱判官
古埃及的主神之一）穿戴这
atef
王冠。它是由上埃及的
白王冠和代表
Busiris
红色羽毛制成
，
奥斯里斯祭仪中心在三角洲德耳塔
(
希腊字母的第四个
字
)
。
Khepresh
The blue crown was
a ceremonial crown often worn in battle.
Khepresh
蓝色王冠是一仪式王冠，经常在战争中穿戴。
Deshret
The Red Crown. This
was the crown that represented Lower Egypt
(northern).
Deshret
红色王冠。这是表现下埃及的王冠（北方的
）
。
Djew
Which
means mountain, the symbol suggests two peaks with
the Nile valley in the middle. The
Egyptians
believed
that
there
was
a
cosmic
mountain
range
that
held
up
the
heavens.
This
mountain
range
had
two
peaks,
the
western
peak
was
called
Manu,
while
the
eastern
peak
was
called
Bakhu.
It
was
on
these
peaks
that
heaven
rested.
Each
peak
of
this
mountain
chain
was
guarded
by a lion deity, who's job it was to protect the
sun as it rose and set. The mountain was
also a symbol of the tomb and the
afterlife, probably because most Egyptian tombs
were located in
the mountainous land
bordering the Nile valley. In some texts we find
Anubis, the gaurdian of the
tomb being
referred to as
the attributes of a
deity of the afterlife, at this time she is called
is rendered as the head of a cow
protruding from a mountainside.
Djew
< br>意味山，
符号用尼罗河中部的山谷暗示两个山峰。
埃及人
相信有一宇宙的山脉支撑天堂。
这
个山脉有两座山峰，西边的山
峰称做摩奴
(
印度神话中的人类祖先
,
古印度《摩奴法典》的
制订者
)
，而东边的山峰称做
Bakhu
。它
就是天堂依靠的山峰。这山脉的每个山峰由狮神
看守，
它的职责
就是保护太阳上升和下降。
山脉也是坟墓和死后生活的符号，
或
许因为多数
埃及墓葬位于尼罗河山谷环绕的山地上。
某些文献里
我们发现导引亡灵之神，
坟墓的守卫被
谈到犹如
“
在他山脉之上的他
”
那样。
有时候我们发现
(
埃及神话中的爱神
)
哈索尔具有了死后
神的品质，这时他被称做
“
大墓地的女主人
”
。她有如突出
山腰的牛头那样表现。
Fetish
An
animal skin hanging from a stick, this is a symbol
of Osiris and Anubis.
物神（偶像）
吊挂在棍棒上的一张动物皮，
这是奥斯里斯和
(
埃及神话中
)
导引亡灵之神、
豺头人身神符号。
[
女尸注：
Fetish
这个词在现代心理学中代表恋物
(
指能引起变态性感的物品
，如脚或手套等
)
亦作
fetich]
Flail and Crook
A symbol of royalty, majesty and
dominion.
连枷和钩子
王权、最高权威和统治权的符号。
[
女尸注：有意思的是，这个图形和我们熟悉的镰刀斧头这个<
/p>
logo
很像，在古埃及却是代表
王权。
不能不说是一个讽刺。
]
Hill - Primordial Hill
The
Egyptians believed that during creation this hill
rose out of the sea of chaos to create dry land.
The idea of this hill rising had a
profound effect on the egyptians, being used as
every thing from
temple layouts to the possible
inspiration behind the pyramids.
丘陵
-
原始小山
埃及人相信在创造期间这小
山从混沌海里升起来创造干燥的陆地。
这山升起来的观念对埃及
人具有深远的影响，在金字塔后从神庙规划到可能的灵感被用于每一样东西。
Ka
The ka is usually translated as
was born. It was believed that the ram-
headed god Khnum crafted the ka on his potter's
wheel at a
persons birth. It was
thought that when someone died they
on
after their body had died. Some tombs included
model houses as the ka needed a place to live.
Offerings of food and drink would be
left at the tomb entrance so the ka could eat and
drink.
[
宗
](
古埃及人或偶像的
)
灵魂
,
鬼魂
,
阴灵
ka
通常翻译成
“
灵魂
”
或
“
精神
”
，当一个人出生
ka
进入存在。据认为公羊头神
Khnum
在人
出生时候，与
ka
驾御他的陶器轮子。据认为当某人死了他们
“
与
ka
会面
”
。在人们的身
体已
经死后他们的
ka
会继续生存下去
。
一些坟墓内设有模型房子因为
ka
需
要一个地方生活。
食
物和饮料祭品会留在坟墓入口处，这样
ka
可以吃和喝。
Khet
This
symbol
represents
a
lamp
or
brazier
on
a
stand
from
which
a
flame
emerges.
Fire
was
embodied
in
the
sun
and
in
its
symbol
the
uraeus
which
spit
fire.
Fire
also
plays
a
part
in
the
Egyptian
concept
of
the
underworld.
There
is
one
terrifying
aspect
of
the
underworld
which
is
similar
to
the
christians
concept
of
hell.
Most
egyptians
would
like
to
avoid
this
place
with
its
fiery
lakes and rivers that are inhabited by fire
demons.
这个符号表现了立起来的一个灯或
火盆，
火焰从它们里面散发出来。
太阳和这个符号具体表
达了火，
(
古埃及帝王头饰上的
)
蛇形标记喷吐火。
火也在埃及人阴间观念里扮演了
一个角色。
具有阴间可怕的样子，
阴间类似基督徒地狱的观念。
多数埃及人宁愿用由火魔鬼居住的火湖
或河流来消除这地方。<
/p>
Leb
这个符号表现了一心脏。
埃
及人相信心脏是全部意识的中心，
甚至是生命自身的中心。
当有
人死了就说他们的
“
心脏已经死了
”
。
在木乃伊化期间它只是不能从身体移走
的器官。
在死亡
之书里，
它就是靠着真
理正义之神羽毛称重的心脏，
看看是否一个人值得连接死后的司阴府
之神。
Maat
[
宗
]
真理正义之神
Maat's Feather
Represents
truth,
justice,
morality
and
balance.
It
was
pharaoh's
job
to
uphold
Maat.
When
a
pharaoh
died,
Maat
was
lost
and
the
world
was
flung
into
chaos,
only
the
coronation
of
a
new
pharaoh could restore
Maat.
[
宗
]
真理正义之神的羽毛<
/p>
表现真理、正义、道德和平衡。支持真理正义之神是法老王的工
作。当法老王死时候，真理
正义之神丧失了，世界就陷入混乱，只有新法老王的加冕礼会
恢复真理正义之神。
Maat
Represents
truth, justice, morality and balance. Deities are
often seen standing on this symbol, as
if standing on a foundation of Maat.
[<
/p>
宗
]
真理正义之神
表现真理、
正义、道德和平衡。
经
常看见神站立在这符号上，
好象站在真理正义之神基础之
上。<
/p>
Menat
This symbol
represents a heavy beaded necklace with a crescent
shaped front and a counter piece
at the
rear. It was a symbol associated with the goddess
Hathor and her son, Ihy. In fact , Hathor
was
known
as
the
Menat
We
often
see
Hathor
using
the
Menat
as
a
conduit
through
which she passes her
power. It was representative of the ideas of joy,
life, potency, fertility, birth,
and
rebirth.
It
was
not
uncommon
in
the
New
Kingdom,
to
see
the
king
offering
the
Menat
to
Hathor.
This probably meant to represent the king
symbolically with the goddess' son, Ihy. This
idea of divine assimilation was common,
although the best examples are of the king
representing
the falcon god, Horus.
(<
/p>
古埃及人佩带的
)
护身符
这符号表现一条沉重珠状项链，
前面是新月形而在
后面是记数片。
它是一个与女神哈索尔和
她儿子
Ihy
联系在一起的符号，事实上，哈索尔就是熟知的
“
伟大的护身符
”
。我们常常看见
哈索尔使用护身符作为一个管道，
通过管道她传递她的力量。
它是欢乐，
生命，
力量，
肥沃，
诞生，
重生观念的代表。
在
新王国它比较常见，看见国王向哈索尔献祭护身符。这可能意味
用女神儿子
Ihy
象征性地表现国王。这神性同化的思想是共同的，尽管最好的例子是
国王
表现了猎赢神何露斯。
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：ICEM CFD 基础教程
下一篇：Unit 6 礼仪性口译