-
SPE 132371
Surface
Microseismic Monitoring of Slick-water and
Nitrogen Fracture
Stimulations, Arkoma
Basin,
Oklahoma(
表面的微地震监测光滑水面
和氮破裂刺激，
澳柯玛盆
地，奥克拉荷马
)
Morris Hall, Williams Company, and
Jo Ellen Kilpatrick, Microseismic, Inc.
（霍尔，威廉姆
斯公司，乔·基尔帕特里克，微震，
Inc
.
）
Copyright
2010, Society of Petroleum Engineers
（版权
2010
，石油工程师协会）
This
paper
was
prepared
for
presentation
at
the
SPE
Unconventional
Gas
Conference
held
in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
USA, 23
–
25 February 2010.
（本文是介绍了
2010
年三月
23-25
日在
匹兹堡，宾夕法尼亚，美国举行的非
常规天然气会议。
）
This
paper
was
selected
for
presentation
by
an
SPE
program
committee
following
review
of
information contained in an abstract
submitted
（提交）
by
the author(s).
（本文介绍了选择一
个石油工
程师协会项目委员会审查后的信息包含在一个作者提交的抽象概念中）
Contents
of
the
paper
have
not
been
reviewed
by
the
Society
of
Petroleum
Engineers
and
are
subject
to
correction
by
the
author(s).
（本文的内容还没被石油工程师学会审查
和作者的更正）
The
material does not necessarily reflect
any position of the Society of Petroleum
Engineers, its
officers, or members.
（材料不一定反映石油工程师协会官员或成员的社会地位。
）
Electronic
reproduction, distribution, or storage
of any part of this paper without the written
consent of the
Society of Petroleum
Engineers is prohibited.
（在未经过石油工程师协会的写作
同意对这篇文
章进行电子复制，分发，或储存任何部分是不允许的）
Permission to
reproduce in print is restricted to an
abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations
may not be
copied.
（
< br>复制的允许打印仅限于抽象不超过
300
字；
插图不得复制。
）
The abstract
must contain
conspicuous acknowledgment
of SPE copyright.
（摘要必须包含引人注目的石油工程师协会版
权。
）
Abstract
（摘要）
Surface
based
microseismic
monitoring
（监测）
was
performed
to
assess
the
effectiveness
of
slick-water and nitrogen
fracture stimulations in a horizontal
well with a 3500’ lateral drilled in the
Arkoma Basin of Oklahoma.
（基于
微震监测对光滑水面和氮裂缝刺激侧钻
3500
米的水平井，<
/p>
在奥克拉荷马的澳柯玛盆地进行的有效性行评估。
）
Water production from this shale
as well
as the located events from the
microseismic monitoring suggested the fracs were
not contained in
the target formation
and contacted foreign water.
（
生产该页岩以及位于事件的微震监测建议相
中不包含的目标形成和接触外来水。
）
The observed distribution of
microseismic
events
suggested that planar
（平面的）
fractures were created with varying com
plexity.
（观察分
布的微震事件表明，平面裂缝创造了
具有不同的复杂性。
）
The
azimuths
（方位角）
of
the
produced
trends suggested that a strong influence from the
pre-existing natural fractures directed
the induced
（诱发的）
fractures.
（方位角所产生的趋势表明，强大的影响
，从原有的天然裂
缝定向诱导骨折。
）
A direct comparison of the slick-water
treatment to the nitrogen treatment
revealed multiple advantages with the
latter, such as more in-zone events, more energy
per event,
and more complexity in
resulting fractures.
（直接比较的光滑水面的氮处理显示与后者
的多个
优势，如更
in-zone
事件
，更多的精力和更复杂的事件，造成裂缝。
）
Introduction
（简介）
The
area
monitored
is
located
in
the
Arkoma
Basin
of
Oklahoma,
an
area
where
the
basin
tectonics are inactive, but the weather
is not.
（监督该地区坐落在奥克拉荷马的澳柯玛盆地，
一个地区，盆地构造是无效的，但天气却不。
）
The
surface
array
used
to
perform
the
surface
monitoring
of
the
slick-
water
and
nitrogen
treatments
was
designed
to
locate
induced
microseismic events by beamforming
（波束形成）
.
（阵列表面进行表面监测的光滑水
面氮处
理的目的是找出诱发微震事件的波束形成。
）
The
array
consisted
of
1078
stations
of
12
geophones laid out in a radial
（放射的）
pattern around the
treatment well (Figure1).
（该阵列
由
1078
台
12
地震检波器放在实施井周围的径向模式（图表
1
）
。
）
Although the
treatments
were two months apart, the
array geometry was identical with the exception of
removal
（
清除）
of
11 stations from the
array during the nitrogen
treatment.
（虽然处理
2
个月，数组的几何形状
是相同的，
除了清除从
< br>11
站阵列中的氮的处理。
）
T
he geophones were buried to a depth of one
foot to maximize the signal to noise
ratio
（比值）
by
reducing the interference of the frequent
seasonal rainfall.
（
地震检波器埋到
1
英尺深的最大信号噪声比减少干扰频繁的
季节性降雨。
）
Cultural
sources of noise such as traffic and
inherent
（固有的）
pad
noises were taken into account
by
surface array design and seismic processing.
（文化来源的噪音等交通和内在垫噪音考虑到表
面阵列的设计和资料处理。<
/p>
）
Figure 1: Plan view of the array.
Axis
（轴）
units are
in feet.
（数组的看法：计划。轴的单位是
英尺。
）
Fracture
Stimulation Monitoring
（压裂监测）
Seismic data were recorded
over the entire array for the
duration
（持续）
of
both treatments.
（地
震数据记录在整个阵
列的持续处理中。
）
25 hours of data
were recorded and processed.
（
25
小
时的数据记录和处理。
）
Microseismic events induced
by the hydraulic fracturing were located
by a beamforming process, essentially a
one-way depth migration
（偏移）
.
（微震事件引起的水
力压裂位于一个波束形成过程，基本上是一
个单向的深度偏移。
）
As
with
any
migration
process, an
accurate velocity model is critical to success.
（正如任何迁移过程，准确的速度模型
是成功的关键。
）
A
constant
velocity
model
was
calculated
for
each
treatment
using
the
perforation shots as
sources for calibration
（校准）
events.
（恒定速度模型是计算每个处理使
用穿孔枪校准事件来源。
）
By taking a
measurement
of the arrival times across the array
and
plotting
（绘图）
them against the distance between
receivers a velocity estimate from the well
depth to the surface was derived.
（通过测量整个阵列和绘制距离接收器之间的速度估计从深
度的表面的到达时
间。
）
The derived
velocities were consistent with RMS
（均方根）
velocities
calculated from a sonic log of the well
bore.
（派生速度符合均方根速度从声波测井的井孔计
算。
）
Receiver
statics
（静力学）
were
then calculated from the
perforation
（射孔）
shot arrivals
and used to
complete the calibration of the model.
（
接收器静力学计算了炮眼和用来完成标定模
型。
）
Using
the
calibrated
model,the
events
corresponding
to
the
perforation
shots
located
to
within
57 feet of their measured location in the wellbore
(Figure 2).
（
使用校准模型，
事件相应的
穿孔杆位于
57
英尺范
围内的测量定位在井筒（图
2
）
。
）
Figure 2: Perf
shots and resultant event positions and
cooresponging error measurements.
（图
2
：
性能和由此产生的事件和对应的位置误差的
测量。
）
Treatment
Summary
（加工摘要）
The lateral was treated in two ways:
the toe portion of the lateral was stimulated with
a slick-water
frac consisting of 8
stages while the heel portion of the lateral was
treated with a nitrogen frac
consisting
of 4 stages.
（外侧是
2
种处理方式：
底部外侧是刺激与光滑水面压裂组成的
8
个阶
段而足跟外侧部分是处理与氮气压裂组成的
4
个阶段。
）
The following table summaries the treat
ments:
（下表总结了加工措施：
）
Frac'd
Interval
压裂间隔
Total Acid
总酸
Total SW/Gel
总重
/
锗
Total Foam
泡沫
Total
Sand
总沙量
Stages
1-8
表格
1-8
6015-7832
1817'
14,616 gal
8 gal/ft
1,069,169 gal 588 gal/ft
1,132,551 lbs 623 lbs/ft
Stages 9-12
表格
9-12
4594-5767
1173'
44,212 gal*
38 gal/ft
398,536 gal
340
gal/ft
352,924 lbs
301 lbs/ft
27-29 bpm
Avg Pump
Rate
平均泵浦速率
51-90
bpm
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：英语试题-2007
下一篇：新药Gefapixant(吉法匹生)合成检索总结报告