新概念英语第四册

.

杀死

我们的成群的牛羊

。

我们要 十分感谢那些吃昆虫的鸟和职然而把它们所杀死的昆虫全部加在■起也只相当于

蜘蛛

所消灭的

-

小部 分

C

此外，蜘蛛不同于其他食虫动物，它们丝毫不危害我们和我 们的财物

O

许多人认为蜘蛛是昆虫，但它们不是昆虫，甚至与 昆虫亳无关系

0

人们几乎…眼就能看出：者的差异，因为

蜘蛛都是

8

条腿、 而昆虫的腿从不超过

6

条「

有多少蜘蛛在为我们效力呢？

-

位研 究蜘蛛的权威对英国南部

-

块草坪匕的蜘蛛作「?次调杏「他估 计每

英亩

草坪里有

< br>225

万多只蜘蛛

o

这就是说， 在一个足球场上约有

6B)

力只不同种类的蜘蛛

；

蜘蛛至少有半年

忙于吃昆 虫。

它们…年中消灭了多少昆虫，我们简直无法猜测、它们是吃不饱的功物、不满意一< /p>

H

三餐。据佔

计，在英国蜘蛛

一年里所消灭昆虫的重量超过了这个国家人口的 总重量

Comprehension

理解

Give short answers to these questions in your own words as far as possible. Use one complete sentence for each answer.

1

Why have we reason to be grateful to insect-eating animals?

2

How can we tell the difference between a spider and an insect?

3

What do you understand by the statement

k

One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field ...'

Q

(11.9-10)

Vocabulary

词汇

Refer to the text to see how the following words have been used, then write sentences of your own using these words:

destroy (I.I V. devour fraction (1.5); belongings (1.6); estimated (1.10).

Sentence structure

句

子结构

A Combine the following sentences to make one complex statement out of each group. Make any

changes you think necessary, but do not alter the sense of the original. Do not refer to the passage until you have

finished the exercise:

1

Moreover, spiders are unlike some of the other insect eaters. They never do the least harm to us or our belongings.

(11.5-6)

2

Spiders are not insects. They are not even nearly related to them. Many people think they are. (1.7)

3

One can tell the difference almost at a glance. A spider has eight legs. An insect never has more than six. (Ji.7-8)

12

Unit 1 Lesson 1

4

How many do they kill? It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at this. They are hungry creature^. They

are not content with only three meals a day. (11.1 2-1 3)

B Complete the following sentences in any way you wish. Then compare what you have written with the sentences in the

passage:

Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends? Because

2

We owe a lot to birds and beasts who

. (11.4-5)

1

(11.1-2)

One authority on spiders

4

It has been estimated that

3

(11.9-10)

(11.13-15)

C

Write three sentences saying why you like or dislike spiders.

Key structures

关键句型

A Compare these two sentences:

Instead of saying: 1 wonder why

spiders are our friends.

We can say:

Why ... should spiders be

our friends? (1.1)

Write these sentences again using the construction with

should

in place of the phrases in italics:

1

/ wonder why he is

so disappointed.

2

/ wonder why you are

so unwilling to change your mind.

3

I wonder why there are

so many traffic accidents.

B

Note the form of the verb

be

in this sentence:

They would devour all our crops if it

were

not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. (11.3-4)

Supply the correct form of

be

in these sentences:

1

I certainly wouldn't buy that car if I (be) in your position.

2

Do you think you would buy it if it (be) cheaper?

3

If I (be) made such an offer I would certainly accept it.

C

Supply

a, an,

and

the

where necessary in the spaces below. Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the

exercise:

spiders are not

insects, as

many

people

think,

nor

even

nearly

related

to

them.

One

can

teli

difference almost at glance for

spider always has eight legs and

insect never more than six.

How many spiders arc engaged in this work on our behalf? One authoriry on

spiders made

census

of

spiders in

grass field in

south of

England, and he estimated that there were more

than 2,250,000 in

acre; that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on

f

ootball

pitch.

(11.7-11)

13

Unit 1 Lesson 2

'

Special difficulties

难点

Study the following pairs of words and then write sentences of your own to bring out the difference:

all ... together (11.4-5)

一

altogether

Let's sing it again. All together now!

As far as I am concerned, Frank's proposal is altogether nonsensical.

other (1.5)

—

else

One of these blouses has buttons; the other hasn,t.

We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else?

the least (1.6)

一

the last

He passed all his exams without seeming to make even the least effort.

She wouldn't marry him even if he was the last man on the planet.

harm (1,6)

一

hurt

Fertilizers have done a lot of harm to the soil. The bad effects will last a long time.

I

banged my arm against the door and hurt myself. My arm still hurts. Il's very painful, glance (1.8)

—

glimpse

Would you mind having a glance at my essay before I hand it in?

I caught a glimpse of him as he walked past my window,

work (1.9)

一

job

I'm looking for work as a journalist.

Have you been doing all this work on your own?

I'd like a job in TV. Are there any jobs in TV?

estimated (1.10)

一

calculated

I estimate there must be at least eight hundred names on the list.

We've calculated the cost of a new office and it's more than we can afford.

Which verbs could be used in place of

get

in these sentences:

They would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we

get

from insect-

eating animals. (11.2-4)

I

got

this hat at the shop on the corner.

Will you

get

that book for me please? It's on the shelf.

I

got

a letter from my brother yesterday.

I'm sorry, I didn't

get

that remark.

I didn't laugh because I didn't

get

the joke.

Note the use of

tell

in this sentence:

One can

tell the difference

almost at a glance. (11.7-8)

Supply the correct form of

say

or

tell

in these sentences:

Will you please

I'm not very good at

You must

Please

I can

We

I want you to

me the time?

stories.

your prayers and go to bed.

nothing more about it.

you something about it.

goodbye and left.

the truth.

14

Unit 1 Lesson 1

D Note the use of

make

in this sentence:

One authority on spiders

made a census.

(11.9-10)

Supply the correct form of

make

or

do

in the following sentences:

1

I

a number of proposals, none of which was accepted.

2

I'll

the washing up.

3

Will you help me to

_____

t

his crossword puzzle?

4

You've

quite a few mistakes.

5

I've

an appointment for you for next week.

6

They

______ an announcement about it on the radio.

7

I'll

my best to help you.

E Write sentences using the following phrases with

ar.

at a glance (1.8); at least (11.11-12); at any rate; at a loss; at sight; at a time.

Multiple choice questions

多项选择题

Choose the correct answers to the following questions.

Comprehension

理解

1

Spiders are our friends because they

0) are beneficial insects

(b)

destroy insects without hurting us in any way

(c)

protect insect-eating animals

(d)

include some of the greatest enemies of the human race

2

Birds and beasts

(a)

eat as many insects as spiders

(b)

eat more insects than spiders

(c)

can't compare with spiders as destroyers of insects

(d)

destroy a larger fraction of insects than spiders

3

If spiders were insects, they would

(?

) have eight legs

(b)

have six legs

(c)

be able to fly

(d)

not destroy their own kind

4

Spiders are active in killing insects

(a)

all the time

(b)

for most of the year

(c)

in the summer months

(d)

for a minimum of six months of each year

Structure

句型

5

It would

___ .. impossible for us to live in this world if insects had no enemies. (11.2-3)

(a)

make it

(b)

stay

(c) be

(d)

have it

15

Unit 1 Lesson 1

We owe

to the birds and beast who eat insects. (1. 4)

(c) a great many

(d)

much of

(a)

a great deal

(b)

a lot of

How many spiders are involved

this work on our behalf? (1.9)

(a)

at

(b)

for

(c) in

There are many different

spiders. (1.11)

S) sorts of

(/?) kind of

((

、< /p>

)

type of

Vocabulary

词汇

9

Spiders

insects. (11.3-4)

(a) defend us from

(/?) guard

(c)

protect

10

You can see at a glance that spiders are not

insects. (1.7)

(a) similar

(b)

like to

(c) as

Spiders are creatures with large

(1.13)

(q) hunger

(/?) appetites

(c) desires

12

Spiders like to eat more than

a day. (1.13)

(G three

(b)

three time

(c) three times

(d)

to

(d)

kinds

(d)

insure us against

(d)

the same as

(d)

eating

(”

)

threes

16

Lesson 3 Matterhorn man

马特霍恩山区人

First listen and then iimwcr the follow inn qurslion.

丛后

-F

以下祎电

.

Wha

【

wa?

the num objective of carty nwwmain dimhen^

aipumu tn lu clunb mnuntaim by a route wWh will give them gtvxi ■port anj the murr diffinjlt H h. the more highly

H ■■ tegarded In the ptweetini days, however, ihto wn not tie oie tf all The tarty climbers were iwkmit fui the easient way

io ihe fop, becaus

e ibr nurnmn was tbe pfi/e they wughi. cxp^cialiy if it had never been ■ttmncd bcfuct. It is uuc tiut during

l heir ci pl nr Jtinm they ?

Wie?

f?

d diffKuhic* and

侦

yen

ot

the m

(

ru perilous nature equipped m a manner which ^vuld

nuke a mcxkm uhmhev shudder at the ihotigM. but they io cwrt web cicrteamc They

had

a Mafic

?

n>. a soiiun full -

H

。

h h had for

IMU

> rvaltrr nowaday

、

how diffkuh it for the ptumcc Ejucp for

、岫

h a?

Zrrmatt and C'hanxmiM.

which had rapidly bccomr popular. Alpine vdl^o temkd k> be impm enwhed ?

c

in

high mountains Sudnnm

M

there were wrrr frnerally dirty and fleandden; I he food dimply luval chtcsc wreoEpanicd by

bread onen twelve mm

(

bw old.

M

?gbed dowa with uwz wine Oftea a

alky Zwucd ?

> inn M aU. and cMmbun found

?

heterr wtezrr

卜

kml pnen (who .. uvnlly

m

p?

r as i ^amhmacnl. wwutnn uidi Uwptocnb or

cheese mAm InvinaNy the hechfmund w?

tbe same: dlr pmrny and very u

—

fonahle. For men

MXIU

代

wned to eaUny

hcvcn courvr dinnen and tkepiag bctwcc* fine linen 4mu at humc. the change to lhe Alpn must hive been very hard irxiecd.

W

ALIW

U

MWCWTHI

17

Unit 1 Lesson 3

New words and expressions

生词和短语

Matterhorn (title) /'maetoh^in/

n.

马特霍恩峰

(

阿尔

卑斯

山峰之一，在意大利和瑞士边境

)

alpinist (1.1)

/'eelpinist/

n.

登山运动员

pioneer (1,2)

v.

开 辟，倡导；

n.

先锋，开

辟者

summit (1.3) /'sAinit/

n.

顶峰

attain (1.4) /a'tein/ v.

到达

perilous (1.5) / perihs/

adj.

危险的

shudder (1.5) /'jAda/ v.

不寒而栗

court (1.6) /ko:t/ v.

追求

solitary (1.6) /'solit^ri/

adj.

唯一的

impoverish

(11.9-10) /im'pDv^nJ'/ v.

使贫困

Alpine (1.9)

/'seipain/

adj.

阿尔卑斯山的

flea-ridden (1.11)

/'/

adj.

布满跳蚤的

coarse (1.12) /ko:s/

adj.

粗劣值

boast (1.12) /boost/ v,

自恃有

parishioner (1.13) /ps'nj^na/

n.

教区居民

shepherd (1.14) /'Jep^d/

n.

牧羊人

linen (1.15)

/'limn/

n.

亚麻布床单

the Alps (1.16) /eelps/

n.

阿尔卑斯山脉

Notes on the text

课文注释

1

2

in the pioneering days,

在初创时期，这里指登山运动的初创期

。

equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought,

他们的装备如此简陋、足

以使现代登山

者一想起来就胆战心惊

O at the thought,

一想到（他们的装备），英文中省略了

of the manner.

3

go out ofonc^ way,

特地，不怕麻烦。

4- cut ofl' ... from

把

.

.....

与

....

隔绝。

5

6

such inns as there were,

那里有的小客栈，

as there were

用来修饰

inns.

作定语。

the food simply local cheese,

在

food

后面省略了

was o

参考译文

现代登山运动员总想找一条 能够给他们带来运动乐趣的路线来攀登山峰。他们认为，道路愈艰险愈带劲儿。

然而，

在登山运动的初期，全然不是这种情况

0

早期登山者所寻找的是通往山顶的最方便的途径，因为顶峰——

特别是前人未

曾到过的顶峰一一才是他们寻求的目标。确实 ，在探险中他们经常遇到惊心动魄的闲难和危险，而

他们装备 之简陋足以

使现代登山者一想起来就胆战心惊

0

但是，他们并非故意寻求这种刺激，他们只有一个目

的，唯…的目标一顶峰！

我们今天很 难想像昔日的登山先驱们是多么艰苦。除了泽曼特和夏蒙尼等一两个很快出了名的地方外，阿

尔卑斯山

山区的小村几乎全是高山环抱、与世隔绝的穷乡 僻壤。那里的小客栈一般都很肮脏，而且跳蚤猖獗。

食物是当 地的干酪

和通常存放了一年之久的面包，人们就着劣质酒吞下这种食物

< br>O

山谷里常常没有小客栈，登

山者只好随遇而安

r

有时同

当地牧师（ 他通常和他的教民一样穷）住在一起，有时同牧羊人或制乳酪的人住在

一起

.

无论住在哪儿，情况都一样：

< br>肮脏、贫穷，极其不舒适

o

对于过惯了一顿饭吃