2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

昆明理工大学

2017

年博士研究生招生考试试 题（

A

）

考试科目代码：

1111

考试科目名称

：

英语

试题适用招生专业

：全校

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．

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Part II

S

tructure and Vocabulary

( 15 points )

Directions

:

In

this

part,

there

are

fifteen

incomplete

sentences.

For

each

sentence

four

alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of

the alternatives best

completes the

sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your

ANSWER SHEET

.

1.

It is rather ______ that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today.

A.

misleading

B. boring

C. embarrassing

D. demanding

2.

Although

not

an

economist

himself,

Dr.

Smith

has

long

been

a

severe

critic

of

the

government?s

______ policies.

A.

economical

B. economic

C. economy

D. economics

3.

At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some

distant mountain is not ______.

A.

on view

B. at a glance

C. on the scene

D. in sight

4.

Being impatient is ______ with being a good teacher.

A.

intrinsic

B. ingenious

C. incompatible

D. inherent

5.

She was so ______

in her job that she didn?t hear anybody knocking at the door

.

A.

attracted

B. absorbed

C. drawn

D. concentrated

6.

Jack was about to announce our plan but I ______.

A.

cut him short

B. gave him up

C. turned him out

D. put him through

7.

When Jack was eighteen he ______ going around with a strange set of people and staying

out very late.

A.

took to

B. took up

C. took for

D. took on

8.

Y

ou see the lightning ______ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.

A.

the instant

B. for an instant

C. on the instant

D. in an instant

9.

It is said that the math teacher seems ______ towards bright students.

A.

preferable

B. partial

C. beneficial

D. liable

10.

It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a boom in the economy or a ______.

A.

concession

B. submission

C. transmission

D. recession

11.

People who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative and ______.

A.

vivacious

B. perilous

C. introverted

D. lucrative

12.

Benjamin

Franklin,

tactless

in

his

youth,

became

so

diplomatic,

so

______

at

handling

people that he was made American Ambassador to France.

A.

shrewd

B. foxy

C. considerate

D. adroit

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昆明 理工大学

2017

年博士研究生招生考试试题

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13.

Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply ______

every cheat in the marketplace.

A.

in lieu of

B. for the price of

C. by courtesy of

D. at the mercy of

14.

Reporters

and

photographers

alike

took

great

______

at

the

rude

way

the

actor

behaved

during the interview.

A.

annoyance

B. resentment

C. offence

D. irritation

15.

If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very ______.

A.

waxy

B. sticky

C. slippery

D. greasy

Part III.

Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )

Directions:

There

are

four

passages

in

this

part.

Each

passage

is

followed

by

some

questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C

and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then mark the corresponding letter on

the

ANSWER SHEET.

Passage 1

The prefix Mach is used to describe supersonic speed. It was named for Ernst Mach

(1838-1916),

a

Czech-born

Austrian

physicist,

who

contributed

to

the

study

of

sound.

When twice the speed of sound, it is Mach 2. When it is near but below the speed of sound,

its speed can be designated at less than Mach 1, for example, Mach 0.9. Mach is defined as

considered.

When a plane passes the sound barrier

—

flying faster than sound travels

—

listeners in

the area hear thunderclaps, but the pilot of the plane does not hear them.

Sound is produced by vibrations of an object and is transmitted by alternate increase

and

decrease

in

pressure

that

radiate

outward

through

a

material

media

of

molecules

—

somewhat like waves spreading out on a pond after a rock has been tossed into it.

The

frequency

of

sound

is

determined

by

the

number

of

times

the

vibrating

waves

undulate

波动

per

second

and

is

measured

in

cycles

per

second.

The

slower

the

cycle

of

waves, the lower the frequency. As frequencies increase, the sound is higher in pitch.

Sound is audible to human beings only if the frequency falls within a certain range.

The

human

ear

is

usually

not

sensitive

to

frequencies

of

fewer

than

20

vibrations

per

second,

or

more

than

about

20,000

vibrations

per

second

—

although

this

range

varies

among

individuals.

Anything

at

a

pitch

higher

than

the

human

ear

can

hear

is

termed

ultrasonic.

Intensity, or loudness, is the strength of the pressure of these radiating waves and is

measured

in

decibels.

The

human

ear

responds

to

intensity

in

a

range

from

zero

to

120

decibels. Any sound with pressure over 120 decibels is painful to the human ear.

The

speed

of

sound

is

generally

placed

at

1,088

feet

per

second

at

sea

level

at

32

degrees

Fahrenheit.

It

varies

in

other

temperatures

and

in

different

media.

Sound

travels

faster in water than in air, and even faster in iron and steel. It travels a mile in 5 seconds in

air,

it

does

a

mile

under

water

in

1

second,

and

it

travels

through

iron

in

1/3

second.

It

travels

through

ice

cold

vapor

at

approximately

4,708

feet

per

second;

ice-cold

water,

4,938;

granite,

12,960;

hardwood,

12,620;

brick,

11,960;

glass,

16,410

to

19,690;

silver,

8,658; gold, 5,717.

第

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16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

昆明理工大学

2017

年博士研究生招生考试试题

According to this passage,

“

Mach

”

refers to

______.

A.

the ratio of the air speed of an aircraft to the speed of sound

B.

a machine

C.

a Czech-born Australian physicist

D.

the pilot of the plane

Sound is produced by

______.

A.

vibrations of an object passing through the air

B.

spreading of waves after a rock being tossed into a pond

C.

thunders

D.

a flying plane

Decibel is

______.

A.

the frequency of radiating waves

B.

the pressure of radiating waves

C.

the unit for measuring the intensity of sound

D.

the speed of sound

Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

A.

Sound travels fastest through the hardest thing.

B.

Sound travels at different speed in different temperatures and in different media.

C.

Sound travels fastest in hottest temperature.

D.

Sound travels fastest in coldest temperature.

Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage?

A.

The Prefix Mach.

B.

The Speed of Sound.

C.

The Frequency of Sound.

D.

The Intensity of Sound.

Passage 2

Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every aspect of our life,

educated people need at least some idea of its structure and operation. They should also have an

understanding of the

subculture in

which

scientists

live

and

the kinds of people

they

are.

An

understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier

to obtain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.

This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose knowledge of science is

superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried

facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for

the

person

who

views

the

scientists

as

some

sort

of

magician.

The

book

can

be

used

to

supplement

a

course

in

any

science,

to

accompany

any

course

that

attempts

to

give

an

understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course, simply to provide a better

understanding

of

science.

We

hope

this

book

will

lead

readers

to

a

broader

perspective

on

scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they

do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our

culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may

learn

to

appreciate

the

relationship

between

scientific

views

and

some

of

the

values

and

philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.

第

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昆明 理工大学

2017

年博士研究生招生考试试题

< br>

We

have

tried

to

present

in

this

book

an

accurate

and

up- to-date

picture

of

the

scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years

come to consist of more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific

subculture

is

not

a

unique

incident

but,

rather,

part

of

the

trend

evident

in

all

parts

of

society

as

more

women

enter

traditionally

male-dominated

fields

and

make

significant

contributions.

In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language

that is somewhat sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified

individuals. To balance this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns

and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating him and her.

This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy

of our language in treating half of the human race equally.

We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach

is usually informal. We feel, as many other scientists do, that we shouldn?t take ourselves

too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than

as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.

21.

According to the passage, ?scientific subculture? means

______.

A.

cultural groups that are formed by scientists.

B.

people whose knowledge of science is very limited

C.

the scientific community

D.

people who make good contribution to science

22.

We

need

to

know

something

about

the

structure

and

operation

of

science

because

______.

A.

it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.

B.

science affects almost every aspect of our life.

C.

scientists live in a specific subculture.

D.

it is easier to understand general characteristics of science.

23.

The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who ______.

A.

are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science

B.

are good at producing various gadgets

C.

work in a storehouse of dried facts.

D.

want to have a superficial understanding of science.

24.

According to this passage, which of the following is true?

A.

English is a sexist language.

B.

Only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.

C.

Women

are

making

significant

contributions

to

eliminating

the

inadequacy

of

our

language.

D.

Male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.

25.

The text most probably is ______.

A.

a book review

B. the preface of a book

C.

the postscript of a book

D. the concluding part of a book

Passage 3

Does using a word processor affect a writer s style

？

The medium usually does do

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