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Introduction
What is public
speaking?
?
Public speaking, as its name implies,
is a way of making your ideas public
–
of
sharing them
with other people and of influencing other people.
A Brief Introduction to
public speaking
I. How to Prepare a
Speech
?
Stating
Your Objectives
：
◇
inform
◇
train
◇
persuade
◇
sell
?
Analyzing Your
Audience
What to learn about the
audience?
Their opinions and levels of prior
knowledge of your subject their likely
bias, both personal and professional
how do you learn it?
Ask the person who has
invited you to speak. Find out what the occasion
is
and if there is a program theme.
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Choosing a
Speech Topic and the Speech Theme
Six
Criteria
1. The
topic should be interesting to you.
2.
It should be
interesting
to your audience
or at
least be
capable of
being
made interesting to them.
3. It should be appropriate
to the situation.
4. It
should be appropriate to the time available.
5. It should be manageable.
6. It should be worthwhile.
Don't waste your audience’s time.
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Gathering and
Selecting Appropriate Materials
convincing materials
seven
major
types
of
materials:
descriptions
and
explanations,
statistics,
examples,
testimony,
comparison
and
contrast,
repetition
and
restatement,
and
visuals. guidelines
?
Outlining Your
Speech
guidelines:
1. Write and
label your specific purpose at the top of your
outline.
2. Indicate main ideas,
points, sub-points, and supporting materials
properly.
3. Use at least
two subdivisions, if any, for each point.
Using subdivisions helps
you give attention to all the points you want to
say.
4. Label the introduction, main
body and conclusion.
II. How to Write a Great Speech
?
Organizing the
Body of the Speech
A.
The Introduction
A.
It
should
introduce
the
topic.
providing
background
information,
definitions
explanations,
etc.
B. Generally it should
contain the thesis statement.
C.
It
should
be
interesting
enough
to
make
the
listener
want
to
continue
listening.
Anecdotes, shocking statistics, quotes,
and rhetorical questions
D.
It should indicate how your topic will be
developed.
E. tell your listeners WHY
they should listen to you; such as how they will
benefit.
F.
include
the
method
of
organization
that
you
will
follow.
This
helps
the
listener
prepare for what
you are going to say and help them organize the
information.
An effective
introduction
?
?
Creates a
favorable first impression with the audience
Boosts a speaker’s
self
-confidence
Gaining
attention
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relate the topic to the audience
State the importance of the topic
Startle the audience
Arouse
the curiosity of the audience
Question
the audience
Begin with quotation
Tell a story
Using visual
aids
…
Reveal the
topic
?
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Clearly states
the speech topic
Establish the
credibility and goodwill of the speaker
Preview the body
?
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Tells audience
what to listen for in the rest
Provide
a smooth lead-in
Present special
information
B.
Main Body
a. Each main point
discusses one aspect of the thesis.
b. The main points should be linked
with clear transitions so as to give the
body coherence and unity.
C. Conclusion
A
conclusion can restate the thesis.
A conclusion can restate the main
points.
A conclusion can
call for some sort of action (particularly in a
persuasive piece)
A conclusion can
highlight areas for further research.
A conclusion can suggest results or
consequences.
A conclusion
can remind the audience of the importance of the
information presented.
The
speaker can thank the audience for their
attention.
A conclusion
should NEVER bring up a new topic.
A speaker should NEVER apologize for
their information. The last thing you want to
happen is for the audience to question
your credibility.
2 functions of
conclusion
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Signal the end
of the speech
Reinforce the audience’s
understanding of the speech
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Using Speech
Language
A. Using Language
Accurately
B. Use Language
Clearly
C. Use language Vividly
III. How to
Deliver a Great Speech
?
Physical Delivery
1. posture
A public speaker
should look comfortable, confident and prepared to
speak. In
posture, the two extremes to
avoid are rigidity and sloppiness.
2. facial expressions
Your
facial expression must match what you are saying.
3. movement
a.
Never turn your back on the audience while you are
speaking.
b. If you move about on the
stage, make your movements purposeful.
c. Be aware of all potential obstacles
on the stage.
4. gestures
5. Eye contact
Let your gaze
move over each member of the audience
don’t choose one person and look
fixedly at him or her.
avoid
the
temptation
to
look
over
the
heads
of
your
audience
or
to
hold your
notes in front of
your face.
6. Appearance
The way you dress and present yourself
Dress appropriately to the
audience
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Vocal
Delivery
Vocal delivery
refers to the use of your voice to convey your
message.
1. rate
Rate is the speed
not too slowly or too quickly. Varying
your rate can be critical.
2. pause
temporary stops