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Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth!
重点知识归纳解析
重点单词
:
1. litter
v.
乱扔
n.
垃圾
2. bottom
n.
底部
3. coal
n.
煤
4. ugly
adj.
丑陋的
5. cost
v.
花费
n.
花费
6. wooden
adj.
木制的
(wood
n.
木材
)
7. plastic
adj.
塑料的
n.
塑料
8.
method
n.
方法
9.
cruel
adj.
残酷的
10. harmful
adj.
有害的
(harm
n.
害处
)
重点短语
:
a difference
起作用；有影响
2. take part in
参加
3.
turn off
关掉
4. pay for
付费；付出代价
5. cut down
减少
6. lead to
导致
7.
hear of
听说
8. cut off
切除
9. throw away
扔掉
10. put sth. to good use
好好利用
11. put … down
拆下
12. upside down
上下颠倒
13. bring back
恢复
11. industry
n.
工业
12. law
n.
法律
13. afford
v.
承担得起
14. recycle
v.
回收利用
15. gate
n.
大门
16. bottle
n.
瓶子
17. president
n
.
负责人
18. work
n.
作品
19. metal
n.
金属
重点句型
:
’re trying
to save the earth.
我们在努力拯救地球。
2. The
rive used to be so clean.
这河流过去是如此的清澈。
3.
The air is badly polluted.
空气被严重污染。
4. The
method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the
environment.
这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境也有害。
5. And the gate in front of her house
is made of rocks and old glass bottles.
她房子的前门是由岩石和旧玻璃瓶子制成的。
6. Not only can the art bring happiness
to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard
iron can be brought back to life with
a
little creativity.
不仅艺术品能给人
们带来快乐，而且冰冷坚硬的钢铁在艺术创作下也恢复了生命。
【重点讲练】
1. The air
has become really polluted around here.
这儿的空气已经被污染了。
辨析：
turn, get
与
become
⑴
become
多指身份、职位等的
变化，它强调变化的过程已经完成，后面可接名词或形容词。
He becomes a teacher.
⑵
get
多用于口语，表示一种变化
过程，强调的是
―
渐渐变得
‖
，后常接形容词的比较级形式。
In
winter the days get shorter.
⑶
turn
指在颜色和性质等方面与
以前的完全不同，强调变化的结果。
Leaves
turned brown in the mountains.
【小试牛刀】用
turn, get
和
become
填空。
①
Her mother ____ angry when
she heard the news.
②
It’s _____ darker and darker
outside.
③
The
milk has _____ bad.
2. To cut down air
pollution, we should take the bus or subway
instead of driving.
为了减少空气污
染，我们应该乘坐公共汽车或者地铁，而不是开车。
cut
down
意为
―
减少
‖
；是
―
动词
+
副词
‖
结构的短语，所带的
宾语为名词时，宾语可位于
down
的前面或后面；为代词
时，只能位于
down
前面。
You’d better cut the article down
to about 2,000 words.
【拓展】
cut down
还可表示
―
砍倒
‖
的意思。
They cut down the big tree.
cut off
切断；切除
2
cut into
把
……
切成
……
cut up
切碎
cut in
插队
【小试牛刀】单项选择
—
Did you tell it to Jack?
—
Yes, but we
were ____ in the middle of our telephone
conversation.
A. cut down
B.
cut off
C. cut up
D. cut into
3. It’s
good for
heal
th and it doesn’t cost anything!
它对身体有好处并且不会花费任何东西。
辨析：
spend, cost, take, pay
花费
主语
表示的内容
spend
人
宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等。
cost
物或事
后接
life, money, health, time<
/p>
等，侧重于
―
花费
‖
的代价。
take
事或人
它说明事情完成
―
花费了
……‖
。
pay
人
意思是
―
支付
‖
，作为及物动词，宾语可以是<
/p>
―
人
‖
、
―
钱
‖
pay for
人
宾语为
―
物
‖
、
―
事
‖
，
for
表示支付的原因
【小试牛刀】单项选择
1.
—
Do you take exercise every
day?
—
Yes. I always
_______thirty minutes after supper.
A. spend
B.
cost
C. take
D. pay
2. I _________ $$300 for the bike.
A. took
B. spent
C. cost
D. paid
4. The method is not only cruel, but
also harmful to the environment.
这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境也有害。
harmful
形容词，意为
―
有害的
‖
。常构成短语
be harmful to ―
对
……
< br>有害的
‖
。
Staying up often is harmful to your
health.
经常熬夜对你的健康有害。
【拓展】
harm
名词，意为
―
害处
‖
。常用构成短语
do harm to ―
对<
/p>
……
有害
‖
，相
当于
be harmful to.
Too much smoking does harm to his
health.
= Too much smoking
is harmful to his health.
【小试牛刀】改为同义句。
Reading in the sun does harm to our
eyes.
Reading in the sun
______ _______ _______ our eyes.
5. Have you ever taken part in an
environmental project?
3
你曾经参加过环境保护活动吗？
辨析：
join, join in
和
take part in
join
join in
加入组织，团体，党派等，有作为其中的一个成员的含义。
后面也可以加表示人的名词，表示和某人一起参加某活动。
加入一种具体活动。
指参加会议或群
众性活动等，
着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中
tak
e part in
发挥作用。
Will you join us in the discussion?
She joined the Young Pioneers.
Why didn't you join in the talk last
night?
Did you take part in the sports
meet?
【小试牛刀】单项选择。
1.
—
Have you
_____ a club?
—Yes, I’m
in
a swimming club and I often _____
the swimming training.
A. joined; take part in
C. taken part in; join
B.
joined; join
D. taken part
in; join in
2.
—We’re going for a picnic. Would you
like to____ us?
—Why not?
Let’s go!
A. attend
C. join in
B. join
D. take part in
6. We can’t afford to wait any longer
to take action!
我们不能再等了，要采取行动了。
⑴
afford
是动词，意为
―
买得起
,
担负得起
‖
，通常与
can, could,
be able to
连用
,
多用于否
定句中。
They
couldn’t
afford $$50 for a
ticket.
⑵
afford
后面常跟带
to
的动词不定式。
We
can’t
afford
to go abroad this summer.
【小试牛刀】单项选择。
Miss
Taylor never wastes money on anything too
expensive, even though she can _____to. She has
donated much of the
money she saved to
charities.
A.
afford B. allow
C. remind
D.
pay
7. And the gate in front of her
house is made of rocks and old glass bottles.
她房子的前门是由岩石和旧玻璃瓶子制成的。
【辨析】
be made +
介词
be made of
―
某物由
…
…
制造而成
‖
（从制成品中可以看出原
材料）
4
be made from
―
某物由
……
制造而成
‖
（从制成品中一般看不出或难以分辨出
原材料）。
be made in
be made
by
―
某物由某地制造
‖
―
某物由某个人或集体制造而成
‖
，其中介词
by
用来强调动
作的
执行者。
be made
into
be made up of
【小试牛刀】单项选择。
某种原料制成某物
某物由
……
组成或构成
Books are made _____ paper and paper is
made _____ wood.
A. from,
of
B. of, from
C. in, from
D. from, in
8.
Not only can the art bring happiness to others,
but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be
brought back to
life with a little
creativity.
不仅艺术品能给人们带来快乐，而
且冰冷坚硬的钢铁在艺术创作下也恢复了生命。
―not
only … but also
…‖
是一个并列连词词组，其意思基本等于
―both …
and …‖
。
使用
not only … but also …
时须注意的几点：
⑴
not
only
与
but
also
后面所连接的词的词性必须对等：
They completed the project not only
punctually but also perfectly.
⑵
not
only
只能连用，而
but
also
既可连用，也可分开用：
Television is not only boring, but it
also wastes a lot of time.
⑶谓语动词的数应与
but
also
后主语的数保持一致：
Not only you but also Mr. Zhang teaches
in this college.
不仅你，张老师也在此学院教书。
⑷
not
only
放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构：
Not only had the poor man been fined,
but also he had been sent to prison.
【小试牛刀】单项选择。
1.
This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but
also I ___ good at drawing.
A. is
B. am
C.
are
D. was
9. Which
parts need to be improved?
哪些部分需要被改善？
辨析：
need to be done; need
doing
与
need to do
⑴
need doing=need to be done
需要被
…
现在分词
doing
表被动
―
需要被做
‖
，相当于
need to be
done
。
My watch needs repairing.
=My watch needs to be repaired.
⑵
need
后加不定式，证明
need
为实义动词，而非情态动词，这时
n
eed
有人称和数的变化。
He needs to get up early.
【小试牛刀】单项选择。
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