-
Unit 13 We
’
re trying
to save the earth!
重点知识归纳解析
重点单词
:
1. litter
v.
乱扔
n.
垃圾
11. industry
n.
工业
2. bottom
n.
底部
12. law
n.
法律
3. coal
n.
煤
13. afford
v.
承担得起
4. ugly
adj.
丑陋的
14. recycle
v.
回收利用
5. cost
v.
花费
n.
花费
15. gate
n.
大门
6. wooden
adj.
木制的
(wood
n.
木材
)
16. bottle
n.
瓶子
7. plastic
adj.
塑料的
n.
塑料
17. president
n
.
负责人
8. method
n.
方法
18. work
n.
作品
9.
cruel
adj.
残酷的
19. metal
n.
金属
10. harmful
adj.
有害的
(harm
n.
害处
)
重点短语
:
a difference
起作用；有影响
8. cut off
切除
2. take part in
参加
9.
throw away
扔掉
3. turn off
关掉
10. put sth. to good use
好好利用
4. pay for
付费；付出代价
11. put
…
down
拆下
5.
cut down
减少
12. upside down
上下颠倒
6. lead to
导致
13. bring back
恢复
7. hear of
听说
重点句型
:
’
re trying to
save the earth.
我们在努力拯救地球。
2. The rive used to be so clean.
这河流过去是如此的清澈。
3.
The air is badly polluted.
空气被严重污染。
4. The
method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the
environment.
这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境也有害。
5. And the gate in front of her house
is made of rocks and old glass bottles.
她房子的前门是由岩石和旧玻璃瓶子制成的。
6. Not only can the art bring happiness
to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard
iron can be
brought back to life with a
little creativity.
不仅艺术品能给人
们带来快乐，而且冰冷坚硬的钢铁在艺术创作下也恢复了生命。
【重点讲练】
1. The air
has become really polluted around here.
这儿的空气已经被污染了。
辨析：
turn, get
与
become
⑴
become
多指身份、
职位等的变化，
它强调变化的过程已经完成，<
/p>
后面可接名词或形容词。
He
becomes a teacher.
他成了一名老师。
⑵
get
多
用于口语，表示一种变化过程，强调的是“渐渐变得”
，后常接形容词的比较级形
式。
In winter the
days get shorter.
冬季白天变得较短。
⑶
turn
指在颜色和性质等方面与以前的完全不同，强调变化的结果。
Leaves turned brown in the mountains.
山里的树叶已变成了棕色。
【小试牛刀】用
turn, get
和
become
填空。
①
Her mother ____
angry when she heard the news.
②
It’s
_____ darker and darker
outside.
③
The milk has _____ bad.
2.
To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus
or subway instead of driving.
< br>为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共汽车或者地铁，而不是开车。
cut
down
意为“减少”
；是“动词
+
副词”结构的短语，所带的宾
语为名词时，宾语可位于
down
的前面或后面；为代词时，只
能位于
down
前面。
You
’
d better cut
the article down to about 2,000 words.
你最好能把这篇文章压到两千字左右。
【拓展】
cut down
还可表示“砍倒”的意思。
They
cut down the big tree.
他们砍倒了这棵大树。
cut
off
cut into
cut up
cut in
切断；切除
把??切成??
切碎
插队
【小试牛刀】单项选择
—
Did you tell it to Jack?
—
Yes, but we
were ____ in the middle of our telephone
conversation.
A. cut down
B.
cut off
C. cut up
D. cut into
3. It
’
s good for
health and it doesn
’
t cost
anything!
它对身体有好处并且不会花费任何东西。
辨析：
spend, cost, take, pay
花费
spend
cost
take
pay
pay for
主语
人
物或事
事或人
人
人
表示的内容
宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等。
后接
life, money, health, time<
/p>
等，侧重于
“
花费
”
的代价。
它说明事情完成“花费了??”
。
<
/p>
意思是“支付”
，作为及物动词，宾语可以是
“
人
”
、
“
钱
”
宾语
为
“
物
”
、<
/p>
“
事
”
，
for
表示支付的原因
【小试牛刀】单项选择
1.
—
Do you take exercise every
day?
—
Yes. I always
_______thirty minutes after supper.
A. spend
B.
cost
C. take
D. pay
2. I _________ $$300 for the bike.
A. took
B. spent
C. cost
D. paid
4. The method is not only cruel, but
also harmful to the environment.
这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境也有害。
harmful
形容词，意为“有害的”
。常构成短语
be harmful to
“对??有害的”
。
Staying up often is harmful to your
health.
经常熬夜对你的健康有害。
【拓展】
harm
名词，意为“害处”
。常用构成短语
do harm
to
“对??有害”
，相当于
be
harmful to.
Too much
smoking does harm to his health.
= Too much smoking is harmful to his
health.
吸烟过多对他的健康有害。
【小试牛刀】改为同义句。
Reading in the sun does harm to our
eyes.
Reading in the sun
______ _______ _______ our eyes.
5. Have you ever taken part in an
environmental project?
你曾经参加过环境保护活动吗？
辨析：
join, join in
和
take part in
join
join in
加入组织，团体，党派等，有作为其中的一个成员的含义。
后面也可以加表示人的名词，表示和某人一起参加某活动。
加入一种具体活动。
指参加会议或群
众性活动等，
着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中
tak
e part in
发挥作用。
Will you join us in the discussion?
你参加我们的讨论吗？
She
joined the Young Pioneers.
她加入了少先队。
Why
didn't you join in the talk last night?
昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？
Did
you take part in the sports meet?
你参加运动会了吗？
【小试牛刀】单项选择。
1.
—
Have you _____ a club?
—
Yes,
I’
m in a swimming club and I
often _____ the swimming training.
A. joined; take part in
B.
joined; join
C.
taken part in; join
D.
taken part in; join in
2.
—
We
’
re
going for a picnic. Would you like to____ us?
—
Why not?
Let
’
s go!
A. attend
B. join
C. join
in
D. take part in
6. We
can
’
t afford to wait any
longer to take action!
我们不能再等了，要采取行动了。
⑴
afford
是动词，意为
“
买得起
,
担负得起
”
，通常与
c
an, could, be able to
连用
,
多用于否定句
中。
They
couldn’t
afford $$50 for a ticket.
他们拿不出
50
美元买一张票。
⑵
afford
后面常跟带
to
的动词不定式。
We
can’t
afford
to go abroad this summer.
今年夏天我们没有足够的钱出国。
【小试牛刀】单项选择。
Miss
Taylor never wastes money on anything too
expensive, even though she can _____to. She
has donated much of the money she saved
to charities.
A. afford B. allow
C. remind
D. pay
7. And the gate in
front of her house is made of rocks and old glass
bottles.
她房子的前门是由岩石和旧玻璃瓶子制成的。