Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

D

é

claration des Droits del'Homme et du Citoyen

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

August 26,1789

The representatives of the French people

，

organized as a National Assembly

，

believing that

the ignorance

，

neglect

，

or contempt of the rights of man are the sole cause of public calamities

and of the corruption of governments

，

have determined to set forth in a solemn declaration the

natural

，

unalienable

，

and sacred rights of man

，

in order that this declaration

，

being constantly

before

all

the

members

of

the

Social

body

，

shall

remind

them

continually

of

their

rights

and

duties

；

in order that the acts of the legislative power

，

as well as those of the executive power

，

may

be

compared

at

any

moment

with

the

objects

and

purposes

of

all

political

institutions

and

may thus be more respected

，

and

，

lastly

，

in order that the grievances of the citizens

，

based

hereafter

upon

simple

and

incontestable

principles

，

shall

tend

to

the

maintenance

of

the

constitution and redound to the happiness of ore the National Assembly recognizes and

proclaims

，

in the presence and under the auspices of the Supreme Being

，

the following rights of

man and of the citizen

：

< br>组成国民议会之法国人代表认为，

无视、

遗忘或蔑视人权 是公众不幸和政府腐败的唯一

原因，

所以决定把自然的、

不可剥夺的和神圣的人权阐明于庄严的宣言之中，

以便本宣言可

以经常呈现在社会各个成员之前，

使他们不断地想到他们的权利和义务 ；

以便立法权的决议

和行政权的决定能随时和整个政治机构的目 标两相比较，

从而能更加受到他们的尊重；

以便

公民们今后以简单而无可争辩的原则为根据的那些要求能确保宪法与全体幸福之维护。因

此，国民议会在上帝面前并在他的庇护之下确认并宣布下述的人与公民的权利：

Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only

upon the general good.

第一条

在 权利方面，

人们天生就是自由、

平等的。

在公共利益的基础上会产生社会的

差别。

The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights

of man. These rights are liberty

，

property

，

security

，

and resistance to oppression.

第二条

所 有政治联合的目的是保护人们自然和不可剥夺的权利。

这些权利是自由、

财

1

产、安全和对压迫的反抗。

The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation. No body nor individual may

exercise any authority which does not proceed directly from the nation.

第三条

所 有主权国家的根源存在于国民。

任何团体或个人都不得行使非直接来自于国

民授予的权力。

Liberty

consists

in

the

freedom

to

do

everything

which

injures

no

one

else

；

hence

the

exercise

of

the

natural

rights

of

each

man

has

no

limits

except

those

which

assure

to

the

other

members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by

law.

第四条

自 由由自主从事一切不损害任何人的行为所组成。

因此，

除了保证 其他社会成

员能享受同样的权利之外，

每个人自然权利的行使并 不应受到限制。

对自然权利的限制仅只

由法律所决定。

Law can only prohibit such actions as are hurtful to society. Nothing may be prevented which

is not forbidden by law

，

and no one may be forced to do anything not provided for by law.

第五条

法律仅只禁止有害社会的那些行为。不被法律禁止的事情，不 应该受到阻碍，

没有人可以被迫从事非法律所规定的事情。

Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has a right to participate personally

，

or through his representative

，

in its foundation. It must be the same for all

，

whether it protects or

punishes. All citizens

，

being equal in the eyes of the law

，

are equally eligible to all dignities and

to

all

public

positions

and

occupations

，

according

to

their

abilities

，

and

without

distinction

except that of their virtues and talents.

第六条

法 律是公共意志的表达。所有公民都有权亲自或通过其代表参与法律的创立。

无论是进行保 护还是处罚，

法律对所有人都是公平的。

所有公民在法律面前是 平等的，

除了

2