-
2019
北京市东城区高三一模
英
语
2019.4
本试卷共
10
页,共
120
分。考试时长
100
分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。考试结
束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分:
知识运用(共两节,
45
分)
第一节
语法填空(共
10
小题;每小题
1.5
分<
/p>
,
共
15
分)
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写
一个
适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处
..
用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Tons of waste is being left on Mount
Qomolangma by a 1 (grow) number of visitors,
which
bothers many people. A team will
deal with the task 2 the climbing season ends
this May, by
w
h
i<
/p>
c
h
t
i
m
e
t
h
e
r
e
w
i
l
l
b
e
f
p>
e
w
e
r
v
i
s
i
t
o
r
< br>s
.
G
a
r
b
a
g
e
3 (collect) on
Qomolangma requires two to three years of
training, according to Cering Dandar,
a
mountaineer and guide.
B
Food is one of the most basic and
important daily needs. It gives us the strength
and energy we
need 4 (work) and
play. Food also plays a role in our social
interactions. Whether we 5
(celebrate) important occasions or just
relaxing with friends, eating is an important
social
pastime. It is also an important
part of our culture.
6 a particular
people like to eat can tell us a lot 7 a
country
’
s geography, history
and
traditions.
C
Going to museums has become a trendy
thing to do during the holidays in China. A
popular choice
this Spring Festival was
the Palace Museum, 8 a special exhibition was
staged to provide a
v
i
r
t
u
a
< br>l
r
o
y
a
l
e
x
p
e
r
p>
i
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
p>
v
i
s
i
t
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
p>
e
n
t
i
r
e
m
u
s
e
u
< br>m
9 (decorate) with newly-
restored ancient royal lanterns and spring
couplets, including
a set
of the Chinese character
“
Fu
”
10 (write) by five Qing Dynasty emperors.
第二节
完形填空(共
20
小题;每小题
1.5
分,
共
30
分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
、
D
四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂
黑。
During my second year in
high school, I got sick and missed a few days.
When I
11 , I was greeted with two
essays due, three days of math and history
homework, plus several
tests. 12 I
went home from school that day exhausted, I had to
stay up really late to finish
them all.
The next day at school, I got a rude
awakening: I
’
d totally
forgotten to prepare for the 13
on
Romeo and Juliet,
which
I
’
d take 14 my lunch
hour! Worse still, I had 15 the in-class
1
/
13
discussion and
all the notes. When lunch came, I went to the
English room to face my certain
doom(
厄运
). All I
could do was try to 16 on the questions I
didn
’
t know.
As
it turned out, I didn
’
t know
the majority of the questions. I was just about to
give
17 when my pencil accidentally
fell and broke. Standing by the blackboard
sharpening my pencil,
I 18 down and
there in full view lay the answer sheet for the
test!
What good fortune! I can
kiss good-bye to all my
19
of failing the test!
My
heart started beating, and my brain 20 ,
Yes! Read over the
answers
—
quickly!
This was quickly followed by another
voice,
No! You
’
ll
get
caught!
My mind turning
back and forth,
Yes! No! Yes! No!
…
This went on for ten of the
21
seconds in my entire life.
Finally, I decided to finish the test
on my own, without 22 ! I was satisfied with my
decision but pretty 23 I had failed
the test.
The next day when I walked
into the English room, my great joy of having been
an
24 soul changed into a wave of
doom as I saw my test paper lying face down on my
desk. I knew
what awaited me. I stared
at it a few seconds before I got up the 25 to
turn it over.
You can only imagine my
26 when I learned that I had passed the test! I
have never in my
whole life been so
happy to see my 27 , a C-.
My mom
says the victories that 28 the most courage
are won within. Now I know 29 what
she means. Now not only can my
conscience(
良心
) rest easy,
but I don
’
t have to worry
about getting
caught and meeting a sad
30 like
Romeo and Juliet
.
11. A. arrived
12. A. If
B.
returned
B. Because
B. essay
B. upon
B. carried
B. agree
B. off
B. settled
B. worries
B. warned
B. saddest
2
/
13
C. appeared
C.
Until
C. play
C. over
C. lost
C. guess
C. out
C. calmed
D. finished
D.
Although
D. test
D. toward
D. dropped
D. improve
D. away
D. looked
D. tiredness
D. chanted
D. fastest
D. thinking
D.
relieved
D. energetic
D.
nerve
D. appreciation
D.
grade
D. gain
13. A. lecture
14. A. by
15. A.
missed
16. A. depend
17. A. in
18. A. wrote
19.
A. boredom
20. A. whispered
21. A. coldest
22. A.
suffering
23. A. certain
24.
A. open
25. A. wisdom
26. A. anxiety
27. A. paper
28.
A. take
C. loneliness
C. persuaded
C. longest
B.
checking
B.
regretful
B.
honest
C. cheating
C. annoyed
C. optimistic
C.
intention
C. fear
C. rate
C. find
B.
encouragement
B. shock
B.
credit
B. put
29. A. gradually
30. A. film
B. exactly
B.
fact
C. willingly
C. ending
D. seemingly
D.
love
第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,
40
分)
第一节(共
15
小题;每小题
2
分,共
30
分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所
给的
A
、
B
、
C
、
D
四个选
项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Perfect Sleep Chair is designed to
be the most comfortable
recliner chair.
Whether you are sitting upright, relaxing in your
favorite TV viewing position, or lying
completely flat for sleeping,
it’s like
being on a cloud
. A cloud that has
built-in heat and
massage settings to
match your own personal comfort level. It even
has a battery backup in case of a power
cut.
With Perfect Sleep Chair, there’s
a perfect position for everybody, even those that
prefer to
lie flat but want the
additional support that most
mattresses(
垫子
)
don’t provide. At the touch of
a button, the Perfect Sleep Chair
gently lifts you to an almost standing position so
you can get
back on your feet with
ease. Some owners use this feature daily, while
others use it when
recovering from an
illness.
Time and time again, our
customers tell us they are tired of having to
replace their recliners
due to quality
issues. We hear you! That is why the Perfect Sleep
Chair is handmade in the USA
using
quality hardwoods and only the highest quality
upholster(
垫衬物
). Each chair
is carefully
crafted by workers and not
just a bunch of robots. Every chair structure is
guaranteed for life and
the electronic
components are generously warranted for three
years. Simply put, it’s the highest
quality chair on the
market
—but it doesn’t end
there…
When you purchase the
Perfect Sleep Chair, y
ou’
ll
get your choice of cloth and colors!
Y
ou’ll
also receive White
Glove Delivery. Professionals will carry the chair
to the exact spot in your
home where
you want it, unpack it, inspect it, test it,
position it, and even take the packaging
away!
To ensure that your
product and purchase process is of the highest
quality, our customer
service team is
here to answer any question, five days a week,
from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. Please call us
at
800-958-8324.
31. According to the
advertisement, Perfect Sleep Chair .
(事实信息)
A. helps
detect illnesses
B. supports various
body positions
C. comes with an
additional mattress
D. adjusts its
temperature accordingly
32. What is the
key feature of Perfect Sleep Chair introduced in
Paragraph 3? (
推理判断
)
A. It is safe.
C. It is portable.
B. It is lasting.
D. It is comfortable.
33. What service can customers receive?
A. Home delivery.
B. Free
replacement.
3
/
13
C. A 24-hour hotline.
D.
A money-back guarantee.
B
In the short time Steve and Zach had
been inside their tent packing their tools, wind-
blown
flame had skipped from the top of
one tree to another. The long dry summer had
turned the forest
into a tinderbox.
“Let’s go! We can make it back to the
river we crossed
today
!
”
Steve
kept Brady on the lead
and their heads
down against the fire-wind. But Brady barked a
sharp warning. Ahead of them lay a
thick curtain of smoke across the
track. They would never make it through that. The
dog was pulling
at his lead trying to
draw them away from the smoke, and yet Steve was
uneasy. It seemed to him
that they were
moving away from the river.
Suddenly,
Zach cri
ed. “Zach!” Steve
shouted.
“Are you OK? Where are
you?”
Then Brady pulled
Steve down a sharp
slope(
坡
). At its base, Zach
was rubbing his ankle.
As Steve helped
his friend to his feet, Brady lifted his head and
snuffed(
嗅
) the smoke-laden
wind. Next moment, the dog bounded away
and disappeared. The boys shouted for him, but he
didn’t
come back. Steve
could
n’t blame Brady for
panicking
. He himself wanted to run
even though he
didn’t have
a
clue which way.
Steve and Zach
hadn’t gone far when there was a
familiar bark, and Brady came bounding
,
stopped directly in front of Steve and
hit him with his head, pushing him back toward the
slope
they’d just climbed.
But
Steve didn’t get
it
. Then
Brady grabbed the
boy’s j
eans and started
pulling. The message was clear, but
Steve hesitated. Of course he remembered Brady
saving his
uncle
’
s life when
the dog was much younger. Was he still sharp
enough to get them through this?
Nearby, a pine went up in a whoosh of
smoke. Brady pulled again, urgent
ly.
“OK, big guy,”
Steve
gritted(
咬紧牙关
). Brady led
them back down the slope and into the trees. Not
far from them
fire was touching
underbrush. Several times the big dog stopped.
Often he changed directions. Steve
was
so tired that he just wanted to rest, but Brady
wouldn’t have it.
The dog bullied both
boys to
go on. How long
they’d walked Steve had no idea.
He was almost numb when he heard
it
—
the
wonderful
sound of rushing water!
34. What
happened to Steve and Zach at first?
A. They got injured.
B.
They lost their dog.
C. They were
trapped.
35. Brady ran away
to ______.
A. seek help
D. They became
separated.
B. find a way
out
C. rescue
Zach
D. escape for life
36. How did Steve feel after Brady
pulled his jeans?
A. Uneasy.
B. Impatient.
C. Numb.
D. Uncertain.
37. The passage basically describes
________.
A. an adventure
C. an escape game
C
B.
an exploration
D. a training program
4
/
13
Most groups of
plants and animals are richer in species and more
plentiful near the equator. In
the
ocean, that holds true for cold-blooded
predators(
掠食者
). But warm-
blooded predators are more
diverse
toward the poles and noticeably missing from
several warm hot spots. Why?
John
Grady, an ecologist, and his team considered the
possibility
—
warm-blooded
animals need a
lot to fuel their
metabolism(
新陈代谢
). Perhaps
colder waters are just richer in small fish? But
they found that at higher, colder
places, there isn’t actually much more food
around. It’s more
that warm-blooded
animals are eating a much bigger share of it than
their cold-blooded competitors.
The
real explanation is simple. An animal’s speed,
swiftness, and intelligence depend on its
metabolism, which in turn depends on
its temperature. Since birds and mammals can keep
heating
their bodies in icy conditions,
they remain fast and attentive. By contrast, the
fish they hunt
become slower and
duller. At some tipping point of temperature,
seals, dolphins, and penguins start
outswimming their
prey(
猎物
). They become more
likely to come upon targets and outpace the
cold-
blooded predators of their own.
In Grady’s words,
“Warm
-bodied predators are
favou
red where preys are slow, stupid
and cold.”
That’s why sharks and other
predatory fish dominate near the equator, but
colder waters are the
kingdom of whales
and seals. By keeping food to themselves in the
poles, these creatures can then
specialize on specific types of prey,
which makes them more likely to split into
separate species.
The killer whales of
the North Pacific, for example, include mammal-
eating transients and fish-
eating,
year-round residents.
But the world is
changing. It’s likely that the surface of the
oceans will warm by 2 to 3℃
within this century. Grady’s team
estimates that every time the ocean’s surface
warms by 1℃
,
populations of
sea mammals will fall by 12%, and populations of
seals and sea lions will fall by
24%.
But “predictions are hard,”
Donna Hauser from the University of
Alaska Fairbanks notes.
“Polar bears
are losers of a warming world, but some
populations are still doing well. Some groups
of whales have changed the timing of
their migrations; others are hunting in deeper,
colder waters.
These changes might make
sea mammals more adaptable to changing climates.
Maybe they just need to
find the places
where fish remain slow, stupid
and
cold.”
38. Why are there
more types of warm-blooded predators near the
poles?
A. Because there is more food.
B. Because there are fewer enemies.
C. Because they are faster and wiser.
D. Because they consume less energy.
39. The author mentions the killer
whales to show ______.
A. the benefit
of biological evolution
B.
food preference of different sea
mammals
C. the distinction of specific
types of predators
D. the advantage of
constant body temperature
40.
What is Donna
Hauser’s
attitude towards
the future of the sea
mammals?
B. Negative.
C. Neutral.
D. Sceptical.
A. Positive.
41. Which is the best title for the
passage?
5
/
13
A. Are the
Poles Heaven for Sea Predators?
B. How
Do Sea Mammals Track Their Prey?
C. Why
Do the Warm-Blooded Like Food Cold?
D.
Is the World Too Hot for the Warm-Blooded?
D
Last fall, I happened to
overhear a student telling the others he had
decided not to sign up
for an
introductory philosophy course. The demands of his
major, he said seriously, meant he needed
to take “practical” courses
,
and
“enlightenment” wou
ld
simply have to wait. For now,
employability was the most important.
The students’ conversation fits into a
larger alarming
narrative about the
role of the
humanities in higher
education. In a time of dizzying technological
achievement and of rapid
scientific
innovation, sceptics of the humanities may
question the usefulness of studying Aristotle,
the Italian Renaissance or Chinese
fiction.
Actually, I regret not
interrupting that student to argue for taking that
introductory
philosophy course. I would
have started by reminding him that, for
much of America’s history,
college
graduates were not considered truly educated
unless they had mastered philosophy,
literature, political theory and
history. The key role of higher education was to
invite students
into the conversations
about matters like what it means to be alive and
the definition of justice.
Fostering
engagement with these subjects is still an
essential
part of the university’s
function
in society.
I would
have also mentioned to the student that he was
misinformed about the job market. It is
true that many employers are looking
for graduates with specialized technical skills,
but they also
look for other
capabilities. As the world is transformed by
artificial intelligence, machine
learning and automation, the unique
human qualities of creativity, imagination and
moral reasoning
will be the ultimate
coin of the realm. All these skills are developed
in humanities courses.
Further, I would
have argued that while a degree anchored in the
sciences is an important
precondition
for many jobs, it is not the only route. Look no
further than the founders of
companies
such as LinkedIn, Slack and Flickr, who are among
the many tech businesspersons with
degrees in the humanities, and who
credit that training for their success.
Contrary to the widely held belief that
humanities majors have a hard time getting jobs,
recent
studies show that those with
humanities degrees are successful in the
workplace, experiencing low
rates of
unemployment and reporting high levels of job
satisfaction. The ratio between average
median(
中位数
)
incomes for humanities degree holders and those
with business, engineering, and
health
and medical sciences degrees has been shown to
narrow over the course of a career.
The
case for the humanities can also be understood in
less transactional terms and more as a
foundational preparation for a life
well lived. A humanities education plays a vital
role in
encouraging citizens to lead an
examined life. It fosters critical thinking, self-
reflection,
empathy and tolerance, the
usefulness of which only becomes more apparent as
one navigates life’s
challenges.
By all means, students should take
courses they think practical and follow their
interests, but
if they also make a
point of studying the literature of the
Renaissance, or researching into modern
poetry, or even taking introductory
philosophy, we will all benefit.
42.
What do
the students’
conversation show?
A.
Students feel employment difficult.
6
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13