-
2019
年
12
月四级深度阅读真题详解
第一套
Passage One
Question 56 to 60 are based on the
following passage.
56-60 ACBDB
Children are a
delight(=hapiness/joy)
. They
are our future. (56)But sadly, hiring someone to
take care of them while you
go to work
is getting more expensive by the year.
Earlier this month, it was
reported that the cost of enrolling an
infant
or small kid at a
childcare center rose 3% in 2012,
faster than the overall cost of living.
There are now large
strip
s(<
/p>
狭长地带
) of the country where
daycare for an
infant
(57)This is not necessarily a new
trend,but it is a somewhat
puzzling
one. The price of
professional childcare has been
rising
since the 1980s. Yet during that time, pay for
professional childcare workers has stood still.
Actually(
=in fact)
caregivers make less today,
in real terms
(
扣除物
价因素；按实质计算
), than they did in 1990.
Considering that labor costs
are
responsible for up to 80% of a daycare center's
expenses, one would expect flat wages to have
meant flat prices.
So who's to blame
for higher childcare costs?
Childcare
is a carefully regulated industry. States lay down
rules about how many children each employee is
allowed to
watch over, the space care
centers need per child, and other minute details.
(58)
And the stricter the
regulation
s, the higher the
costs. If
it(
保育中心
)
has to hire a caregiver
for every two children, it can't really
achieve any economics of scale on labor
to
save money (
通过压缩劳动力成本来省钱<
/p>
)
when other expenses go up.
(59) In Massachusetts, where childcare centers
must
hire one teacher for every three
infant
s, the price of care
averaged more than $$16,000 per year. In
Mississippi, where centers
must hire
one teacher for every five
infant
s, the price of care
averaged less than $$5,000.
Unfortunately, I don't have all the
daycare-center regulations handy.
(
60)elaborate
, prices have
risen. The trade
off(
交换
(
60)
But certainly, it
doesn't seem to be an accident that some of the
cheapest daycare
available
is in the least
regulate
d(=rule/manage)
South
.
56. What
problem do parents of small kids have to face?
A) The ever-rising childcare prices.
B) The budgeting of family
expenses.
C) The balance between work
and family.
D) The
selection of a good daycare center.
57.
What does the author
feel
puzzled
about?
A) Why the
prices of childcare vary greatly from state to
state.
B) Why increased childcare
prices have not led to better service.
C) Why childcare workers' pay has not
increased with the rising childcare costs.
D) Why there is a severe shortage of
childcare professionals in a number of states.
58. What prevents
childcare
centers
from
saving
money
?
A) Steady increase in
labor costs.
B) Strict government regulations.
C) Lack of support from the state.
D)
High administrative expenses.
< br>【解析】
infant
['
?<
/p>
nf
?
nt]/child
婴
/
幼儿；未成年人
59. Why is the
average
cost
of childcare in
Mississippi
much lower than
in
Massachusetts
?
A) The overall quality of service is
not as good.
B) Payments for caregivers
there are not as high.
D) Each teacher
is allowed to care for more kids.
60.
What is the author’s
view
on
daycare service
?
A)
Caregivers
should receive regular professional training.
B) Less elaborate rules
about children might lower costs.
C) It is crucial to strike a balance
between quality and costs.
D) It is better for different states to
learn from each other.
【解析】
elaborate[
?
'l?b
?
r
?
t]adj. cdetailed
/
full
精心制作
/
复杂
/
详尽
/
煞费苦心的
Passage Two
Questions
61-65 are based on the following passage.
61-65DDCBC
(61)
Alex Pang's
amusing
new book
The Distraction Addiction
(<
/p>
分心成瘾
)
addresses(v.<
/p>
向
…
讲话
).<
/p>
And that, he claims,
1 / 6
is pretty
much all of us. When we're not online, where we
spend four months annually, we're engaged in the
stressful work of
trying to get online.
(62)
The Distraction
Addiction
is not framed as a
self-help book(
并非励志类图书
)overd
ose
(
过度使用
) and a
historical
overview(
历史性概述
)
of how
technological
advances(
科技进步
)
change
consciousness(
意识
).
A “professional
futurist”, Pang urges an approach which
he calls “
contemplative
(
沉思的
”
He asks
that you pay full attention to
“”
(63)Pang's
first job is to free you from the
(
常见的错误认识
)
that
doing two things at once allows you to
get more
done
（同时做两件事效率更高）
.
multitasking(
多重任务
)
is, in fact, switch-tasking, and its
harmful effects on
productivity are
well documented(
有据可查的
)
. Pang doesn't advocate returning
to a pre-Internet world. Instead, he asks you
to
“
take a more
ecological (
生态的
) view of
your relationships with technologies and look for
ways devices or media may be
making
specific tasks easier or faster but at the same
time making your work and life
har
der.”
The
Distraction Addiction
is particularly
fascinating on how technologies have changed
certain fields of
labor
—
often for
the worse. (64)
“Architecture is
first and
foremost
about
thinking...and drawing is a more productive way of
thinking”
.
Somewhat less amusing are Pang's
solutions for kicking the Internet habit.
(65)
usual behavior-modification
approaches(
常见的行为矫正法
)
Keep logs
to(
记录下上网日志
)
study
your
online
profile(
上网概况
)
and
decide what you
can
knock
out
(
剔除
), download
a program like Freedom that locks you out of your
browser, or take a
“
digital
Sabbath
(
安息日
)
”: “Unless you're a reporter or
emergency
-department doctor, you'll
discover that your world doesn't fall apart when
you go offline.”
61.
Alex Pang's new
book
is
aimed for
readers who________.
A) find
their work online too stressful
B) go online mainly for entertainment
D)
can hardly tear themselves away from the
Internet(
很难让自己远离互联网
)
【解析】
tear oneself
away from:
reluctant to
leave
(
[r
?
'l
?
kt
?
nt])
舍不得离开
,
爱不释
手
62. What does Alex Pang
try to do
in his
new book
?
A)
Offer advice on how to use the Internet
effectively.
B) Warn people of the
possible dangers of internet use.
C)
Predict the trend of future technological
development.
D) Examine the
influence of technology on the human mind.
63. What is the
on
multitasking
?
A) It enables people to work more
efficiently.
B) It is a way quite similar to switch-
tasking.
C) It makes people's work and
life even harder.
D) It distracts people's
attention from useful work.
64. What
does the author think of ?
A) It
considerably cuts down the cost of building
design.
B) It somewhat restrains architects'
productive thinking.
C) It
is indispensable in architects' work process.
D) It can free architects
from laborious drawing.
【解析】
restrain
/r
??
stre
?
n
/
vt. restrict/control/stop/
prevent
抑
/
控制；约束；制止
first and foremost
/?f???m??<
/p>
st/
首先
；首要
地
/
的是
productive
thinking
有成效的思维方式
65. What is Ales Pang's
for
Internet
users
?
A) They use the
Internet as little as possible.
C) They exercise self-
control over their time online.
D) They entertain themselves online on
off-days only.
【解析】
keep logs
to
保存日志
/
聊天记录
第二套
Passage
one
Questions 56 to 60are based on the
following passage.
(1)New Yorkers are
gradually getting used to more pedaling
(
骑车
) passengers on those
blazing blue Citi Bikes. But
what about
local bike shops? Is Citi Bike
rolling
up(increase)
riders
at their
expense(
在损害他们的利益
/
情况下
)
？
(2)At Gotham Bikes in Tribeca, a
manager W. Ben said the shop has seen an increase
in its
overall
sales(
总销售额
)
due to(=as a result of)
the
bike-share program.
employee at
Danny's Cycles in Gramercy also said Citi Bike is
a good option(=choice)
for
people to
ease into
biking
in a
2 / 6
city famed for its traffic jams and and
aggressive(
好斗的
)
drivers
Rentals are not a
big part of the business at either Gotham Bikes or
Danny's Cycles.(3) But for Frank's Bike Shop, a
small
business on Grand St., the bike-
share program has been bad news. Owner Frank
Arroyo said his rental business has
decreased by 90% since the Citi Bikes
were
rolled out
last month.
Arroyo's main rental customers are European
tourists,
who have since
been
drawn away by
Citi
Bikes.
However,(5) Ben said the
bike-share is
good for bike
sales
at his shop.
how great
it is to bike in the city, then decide that they
want something nicer for themselves,
(5) Christian Farrell of Waterfront
Bicycle Shop, on West St. just north of
Christopher St., said
initially(=at
first)
he
was
concerned about(=worried
about
)
bike-
share, though, he admitted,
(5)
Farrell's early concerns were
echoed
(
随声附和
,
认同
) by Andrew Crooks,
owner of NYC Velo, at 64 Second
Ave.(4)
seemed like a great
idea
, but one that would be difficult
to
implement
,
worried
about
(
be concerned
about)
inexperienced riders' lack of
awareness(
知道，认识
)
of biking rules and
backlash(
强烈反对
)
from non-
cyclists. However, he said, it's still too early
to tell if his business has been
impact
ed(=influence).
While it's possible
bike-share will cause a drop in business, Crooks
allowed that the idea is a positive step forward
for
New York City.
56 . What
is the author's chief concern about the
increasing use of Citi Bikes in New
York
?
A How non-
cyclists will respond to it.
B Whether local
bike shops will suffer.
C Whether local bike
businesses will oppose it.
D How the safety of bike
riders can be ensured.
57 .
What happened to
Gotham
Bikes
as a result
of
(
due to
)the
bike-share program?
A It found its
bike sales unaffected.
B It shifted its business
to rentals.
C It saw its bike sales on the
rise
.
D It rented more bikes to
tourists.
58 . Why is the bike-share
program
bad news for Frank's Bike
Shop
?
A It cannot
meet the demand of the
bike
—
share program.
B
Its customers have been drawn away by
(
被吸引走了
)CitiBikes.
C
Its bike prices have to be lowered again and
again.
59. Why did
Andrew Crooks
think that
the bike
—
share
program would be difficult to
execute(=implement)
?
A
inexperienced riders might break biking rules.
B
Conflicts might arise among bike rental shops.
C
Traffic conditions might worsen in the downtown
area.
【解析】
execute
vt.
carry out/put into practice/
implement
实
/
执行；处死
/
决
60 . What is
the
general
attitude(
总体态度
)
of
local bike shops towards Citi Bike?
A
Wait-and-see(
等待并观望
).
B
Negative(
消极否定的
).
C
Indifferent(
漠不关心的
).
D
Approving(
认可的
)
.
Passage Two
Questions 61to
65 are based on the following passage.
61-65 CBCAD
(61)Various
studies have shown that increased spending on
education has not
led to measurable
improvements(
带来显著提高
)
in learning. Between 1980 and
2008,staff and teachers at U.S. public schools
grew roughly
twice as fast as students.
Yet students showed no additional learning in
achievement tests.
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