-
TPO 20
Q1 What can be inferred from
paragraph 1
about
western farmers prior to 1815?
○They had limited their crop production
to wheat,
corn, tobacco, and cotton.
○They
were
able
to
sell
their
produce
at
high
prices.
○They had not been
successful in raisin
g cattle.
○They
did
not
operate
in
a
national
market
economy.
Q2
What
is
the
purpose
of
the
statement,
“
whereas in 1810 only a
seventy of the American
people
lived
west
of
Appalachian
Mountains,
by
1840 more than a third
lived there
”?
○To
illustrate
that
generally
population
shifts
occur rapidly
○To
correct
a
mistaken
impression
of
American
agriculture from
1810 to 1840
○To
emphasize
the
range
and
speed
with
which
the westward migration occurred
○To
demonstrate
how
attractive
the
Appalachian
Mountains were to Americans
Q3 The word ‘fringes’ in the passage is
closest in
meaning to
○Borders
○Groups
○Types
○Directions
Q4
According to paragraph 2, all of the following
are
reasons
why
Americans
migrated
westward
EXCEPT
○The desire to move from one pace to
the
next
○The
hope
of
improving
their
socioeconomic
status
○The
opportunity to change jobs
○The need to escape religious or
political crises
Q5 Which
of
the
sentences below
best
expresses
the
essential
information
in
the
highlighted
Westward
migration
The
story
of
the
westward
movement
of population in
the united states is, in the
main,
the
story
of
the
expansion
of
American
agriculture-of
the
development
of
new
areas
for
the
raising
of
livestock
and
the
cultivation
of
wheat,
corn,
tobacco, and cotton. After 1815
improved
transportation
enabled
more
and
more
western farmers to
escape a self-sufficient
way
of
life
and
enter
a
national
market
economy during
periods when commodity
prices
were
high,
the
rate
of
westward
migration
increased
spectacularly.
“old
America
seemed
to
be
breaking
up
and
moving
westward,”
observed
an
English
visitor in 1817, during the first great
wave
of
migration.
Emigration
to
the
west
reached a peak in the
1830’s.
whereas in
1810
only
a
seventy
of
the
American
people
lived
west
of
the
Appalachian
mountains,
by
1840
more
than
a
third
lived there.
Why
were
these
hundreds
of
thousands of setters-most of them
farmers
some
of
them
artisans-drawn
away
from
the
cleared
fields
and
established
cities
and
villages
of
the
East?
Certain
characteristics
of
American
society
help
to explain this
remarkable migration. The
European
ancestors
of
some
Americans
had for centuries
lived rooted to the same
village
or
piece
of
land
until
some
religious,
political,
or
economic
crisis
uprooted them and
drove them across the
Atlantic. Many of
those who experienced
this sharp break
thereafter lacked the ties
that
had
bound
them
and
their
ancestors
to
a
single
place.
Moreover,
European
society
was
relatively
stratified;
sentence in the passage? Incorrect
choices change
the
meaning
in
important
ways
or
leave
out
essential information.
○Because
the
West
had
more
rivers
and
forests
than
the East, its soil was more productive.
○The fertile soils of the West drew
farmers from
regions with barren soils.
○Farmers
living
in
western
areas
of
the
United
States
were
more
affected
by
soil
erosion
that
farmers living in eastern areas.
○The
soil
in
western
areas
of
the
United
States
was richer than soil in eastern areas.
Q6
According
to
paragraph
3
,
what
was
the
significance of the land law passed in
1820?
○It
granted
government
-supported
loans
to
farmers.
○It provided farmland at an affordable
price.
○It required banks to
offer loans to farmers.
○It
enabled farmers to sell their land for a
profit.
Q7
The
word
“
proliferation
”
in
the
passage
is
closest in meaning to
○Growth
○Cooperation
○Importance
○Success
occupation
and
social
status
were
inherited.
In
American
society,
however,
the
class
structure
was
less
rigid;
some
people
changed
occupations
easily
and
believed it was their
duty to improve their
social and
economic position. As a result,
many
Americans
were
an
inveterately
restless,
rootless,
and
ambitious
people.
Therefore,
these
social
and
economic
position.
As
a
result,
many
Americans
were an inveterately restless,
rootless, and
ambitious
people.
Therefore,
these
social
traits helped to produce the nomadic
and
daring
settlers
who
kept
pushing
westward
beyond
the
fringes
of
settlement.
In
addition,
there
were
other
immigrants
who
migrated
west
in
search
of
new
homes,
material
success,
and
better lives.
The
west
had
plenty
of
attractions:
the alluvial river bottoms, the fecund
soils
of the rolling forest lands, the
black loams
of
the
prairies
were
tempting
to
New
England
farmers
working
their
rock,
sterile
land
and
to
southeastern
farmers
plagued
with
soil
depletion
and
erosion.
In
1820
under
a
new
land
law,
a
farm
could
be
bought
for
100.
The
continued
proliferation
of
banks
made
it
easier
for
those
without
cash
to
negotiate
loans
in
paper
money.
Western
farmers
borrowed
with
the
confident
expectation
that
the
exploding
economy
would
keep
farm
prices high, thus making it easy
to repay
loans when they
fell due.
Q8
Paragraph4
suggests
that
turnpikes
affected
farmers by
○Making
the
price
of
grain
uniform
for
both
eastern and western
farmers
○Maki
ng
western
farm
products
more
profitable
than eastern farm
products.
○Allowing farmers to drive
their livestock across
mountain trails
○Allowing
a
greater
number
of
farmers
to
sell
their farm products in a commercial
market
Q9
The
word
“
superseded
”
in
the
passage
is
closest in meaning to
○Replaced
○Reformed
○Equaled
○Increased
Q10 The word
“
diverted
” in the passage is
closest
in meaning to
○Collected shifted
○Shifted
○Transported
○Sold
Q11 Which of the following can be
inferred from
paragraph 5
about flatboats and keelboats?
○They
ceased
to
b
used
as
soon
as
the
first
turnpikes were built.
○They
were slower and more expensive to operate
than steamboats.
○They
were
used
for
long
distance
but
not
for
regional
transportation.
○They were used
p
rimarily on the Erie Canal.
Transportation was becoming less of a
problem
of
those
who
wished
to
move
west
and
for
those
who
wished
to
move
west and for those who had far
surpluses
to sen
d to market.
■Prior to 1815, western
farmers
who
did
not
live
on
navigable
waterways
were
connected
to
them
only
by
dirt
roads
and
mountain
trails.
■
Livestock
could
be
driven
across
the
mountains,
but
the
cost
of
transporting
bulky
grains
in
this
fashion
was
several
times
greater
than
their
value
in
eastern
markets.
■
The
first
step
toward
an
improvement
of
western
transportation
was
the
construction
of
turnpikes.
■
These roads made possible a reduction
in
transportation
csts
and
thus
agriculture
along their
routes.
Two
other developments presaged the
end
of
the
era
of
turnpikes
and
stared
a
transportation
revolution
that
resulted
in
increased
regional
specialization
and
the
growth
of
a
national
market
economy
First
came
the
steamboat;
although
flatboats
and
keelboats
continued
to
be
important
until
the
1850’s,
steamboats
eventually
superseded
all
other
craft
in
the
carrying
of
passengers
and
freight.
Steamboats
were
not
only
faster
but
also
transported
upriver
freight
for
about
one
tenth
of
what
it
had
previously
cost
on
hand-propelled
keelboats.
Next
came
the
Erie
canal, an enormous project in its day,
spanning about 350 miles. After the
canal
went
into
operation,
the
cost
per
mile
of
transporting a ton of
freight from Buffalo
to New York City
declined from nearly 20
cents
to
less
that
1
cent.
Eventually,
the
western
states
diverted
much
of
their
produce from the
rivers to the Erie Canal,
a shorter
route to eastern markets.
Q12 Paragraph 5 mentions that the Erie
Canal led
to a reduction in all of the
following EXCEPT
○The length of the
route that goods from the West
traveled
across to reach eastern markets
○The
cost of transporting freight
○The pr
ice of produce from
western states
○The amount
of produce from western states that
was
shipped on rivers
Q13
In
fact,
goods
could
be
shipped
more
cheaply across the much
greater distance of the
Atlantic
Ocean
than
they
could
from
western
New York to coastal
cities.
Where would the sentence best
fit?
Click on a square( ■ )to insert
the sentence in the
passage.
Q14
The
westward
movement
of
population
across
the
United
States
led
to
expanded
agricultural
production.
Answer Choices
A
The
desire
to
improve
their
livelihood
often
inspired people to
move west.
B
Among the people who moved to the
western
United States were a number of
artisans.
C
The
fertility
of
western
farmland
as
well
as
favorable
government
policies
supported
agricultural gains.
D
Steamboats
were
originally
used
to
transport
passengers rather than freight.
E
Commercial
farming
in
the
West
was
greatly
enhanced
by
improvements
in
land
and
water
transportation.
F
The
transportation
revolution
resulted
in
regional economies that operated
independently of
a national market
economy.
Q1
The
word
“
momentous
”
in
the
passage
is
closest in meaning to
○Numerous
○Regular
○
Very important
○Very positive
Q2
Major
climatic
changes
occurred
by
the
end
of the Ice Age in all of the following
geographic
areas EXCEPT
○temperate regions of Asia
○
southwestern Asia
○North America
○Europe
Q3
The
phrase
“this
remarkable
change”
in
the
passage refers to
○warming at the end of the Ice
Age
○shifts in mountain snow
lines
○the movement of
people from farms to villages
○
a dramatic increase in the
population
Q4
The word ‘exploited’ in the passage is closest
in meaning to
○explored
○
utilized
○inhabited
○improved
Q5
Why
does
the
author
mention
“
seashells,
stone
bowls, and artifacts made of
obsidian
”?
○
to
give
examples
of
objects
obtained
through
trade with other
societies.
○to
illustrate
the
kinds
of
objects
that
are
preserved in a cool climate
○to
provide
evidence
that
the
organization
of
work was specialized
○to
give
examples
of
the
artistic
ability
of
local
populations.
Early settlements in
southwest
Asia
The
universal
global
warming
at
the
end
of
the
ice
age
had
dramatic
effects
on
temperate
regions
of
Asia,
Europe,
and
North
America.
Ice
sheets
retreated
and
sea
level
rose.■
The
climatic
changes
in
southwestern
Asia
were
more
subtle,
in
that
they involved shifts in mountain snow
lines,
rainfall
patterns,
and
vegetation
cover.
■However,
these
same
cycles
of
change
and
had
momentous
impacts
on
the
sparse
human
populations
of
the
region.
■
At
the
end
of
the
Ice
Age,
no
more
than
a
few
thousand
foragers
lived
along
the
eastern
Mediterranean
coast,
in
the
Jordan
and
Euphrates
valleys.
Within
2,000years,
the
human
population
of
the
region
numbered in the tens of thousands,
all
as a result of village life and farming. ■
Thanks
to
new
environmental
and
archaeological discoveries,
we
now
know
something
about
this
remarkable
change
in local life.
Pollen samples
from freshwater lakes in
Sria
and
elsewhere
tell
us
forest
cover
expanded
rapidly
at
the
end
of
the
Ice
Age,
for
the
southwestern
Asian
climate
was
still
cooler
and
considerably
wetter
than
today.
Many
areas
were
richer
in
animal
and
plant
species
than
they
are
now,
making
them
highly
favorable
for
human occupation. About
9000 B.C., most
human
settlements
lay
in
the
area
along
the Mediterranean
coast and in the Zagros
Mountains
of
Iran
and
their
foothills.
Some
local
areas,
like
the
Jordan
River
valley,
the
middle
Euphrates
valley,
and
some
Zagros
valleys,
were
more
densely
populated
than
elsewhere.
Here
more
sedentary
and
more
complex
societies
flourished.
These
people
exploited
the
landscape
intensively,
foraging
on
hill
slopes
for
wild
cereal
grasses
and
nuts,
Q6
The word “
cramped
” in the
passage is closest
in meaning to
○primitive
○secure
○exten
ded
○
confined
Q7
Paragraph 3
suggests which of the following
about
the settlement of Abu Hureyra?
○The
settlement was inhabited by small groups of
people from nearby areas.
○Small
bands
of
people
migrated
in
and
out
of
the settlement.
○The location of the
settlement made permanent
development
difficult.
○
The easy
availability of food led to the growth
of the settlement.
Q8
The word “shifts” in the passage is closest in
meaning to
○Effects
○Similarities
○
Changes
○Exceptions
Q9
Paragraph 4
suggests that the people of Abu
Hureyra
abandoned
their
long-established
settlement
because
○The
inhabitants
had
cleared
all
the
trees
from
while
hunting
gazelle
and
other
game
on
grassy
lowlands and in river valleys. Their
settlements contain exotic objects such
as
seashells, stone bowls, and
artifacts made
of
obsidian
(volcanic
glass),
all
traded
from
afar.
This
considerable
volume
of
intercommunity
exchange
brought
a
degree of social
complexity in its wake.
Thanks
to
extremely
fine-grained
excavation
and
extensive
use
of
flotation
methods
(through
which
seeds
are
recovered from
soil
samples), we know a
great
deal
about
the
foraging
practices
of
the inhabitants of Abu
Hureyra in Syria
’s
Euphrates
valley.
Abu
Hureyra
was
founded
about
9500B.C.,
a
small
village
settlement
of
cramped
pit
dwellings
(houses dug
partially in the soil) with reed
roofs
supported
by
wooden
uprights.
For
the
next
1,500
years,
its
inhabitants
enjoyed
a
somewhat
warmer
and
damper
climate
than
today,
living
in
a
well-wooded
steppe
干草原
area
where
wild
cereal
grasses
were
abundant.
They
subsisted
维持生活
off
spring
migrations
of
Persian
gazelles
from
the
south.
With
such
a
favorable
location,
about
300
to
400
people
lived
in
a
sizable,
permanent
settlement.
They
were
no
longer
a
series
of
small
bands
but
lived
in
a
large
community
with
more
elaborate
social
organization,
probably
grouped
into
clans
of people of common
descent.
The
flotation
samples
from
the
excavations
allowed
botanists
to
study
shifts
in
plant-collection
habits
as
if
they
were
looking
through
a
telescope
at
a
changing
landscape.
Hundreds
of
tiny
plant
remains
show
how
the
inhabitants
exploited nut
harvests in nearby
阿月浑子
果实
pistachio
and
oak
forests.
However,
as
the
climate
dried
up,
the
forests
retreated
from
the
vicinity
of
the
settlement. The inhabitants turned to
wild