21世纪大学英语(第四册)课后答案及课文翻译

21

世纪大学英语读写教程（第四册）课后答案

TEXT A

II

defines greatness as the lasting contribution which a person makes

or has made to human civilization.

example of Churchill shows the importance of persistence and

dedication in achieving greatness.

orns and only children tend to make good leaders in times of

crisis, but middle- born children are better peacetime leaders.

4.A 20th century politician should be an effective public speaker and a

social person.

igence

seems

to

be

less

important

than

other

factors,

such

as

the

ability to communicate effectively.

ability to overcome traditional ways of thinking is also crucial.

simply don’t devote the amount of time required.

study showed that enjoying one ’ s work is the best form of

motivation.

2

IV

ledge ted eristic

e ntial le

sic ia ion

bution(s) porary ted

V

behind history endowed

with

up with nowhere es on built on

in up with charge ...apart

VI

efficiency emergency fluency frequency

proficiency tendency urgency sufficiency

y iency ncy ency

cy ncy

3

VII

some students, it's not that they don't put in enough time

—

it's

that they don't have good study habits.

en

perform

differently

at

school.

It's

not

that

they

have

different

IQs

—

it's that they are brought up in different environments.

company is not very productive. It's not that its staff aren't

talented

—

it's that their energy hasn't been channeled effectively.

4.I'm really sorry. It's not that I don't want to go to the cinema with

you

—

it's that I have to finish my paper tonight.

have a stomachache. It's not that the food was bad

—

it's

probably that you have too much stress from your work.

VIII

ent Wilson didn't try to bring the US back to economic and

political isolation. Instead, he believed in international cooperation

through an association of nations. ers don't teach students in

groups.

Instead,

they

can

help

them

learn

effectively

according

to

their

4

different needs.

shouldn't focus on minor points. Instead, we should try to solve

the problem of the greatest urgency at present.

dosen't get anybody else to help him. Instead, he likes to attend

to

everything himself.

ng success shouldn't be measured by the scores the students

receive

on

tests.

Instead,

it

should

be

measured

by

whether

the

students

have internalized the ability and desire to learn.

IX

BCBAD DCABA DABCA

X

西蒙顿说，

如果事业上取得巨大成 就者具有什么共性的话，

那就是一种持续不断

地追求成功的动力。

“人们往往认为他们天生具有一些超常非凡的东西，

”他解

释

道。

“但研究结果表明，

有的伟人并没有惊人的智力。

< br>有的只是程度上的差异而

已。

伟大是建立在大量的学习、

实践和献身精神的基础之上的。

”他 举出二战时

期的英国首相温斯顿

?< /p>

丘吉尔作为一个永不放弃的冒险者的典范。丘吉尔在全国

上下士气最为低落的时候被推上台，并出色地领导了英国人民。在

19 40

年盟军

敦刻尔克大撤退之后的 一次演讲中，

他的话激励了全国人民，

“我们绝不会衰退、

失败。我们将坚持到底??我们永远不会屈服。”

5

XI

ans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do. Such

characteristics as their family and educational backgrounds are

considered less important.

uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer put

up with his employer and eventually submitted his resignation.

you

really

want to

learn

English

well,

you

must

put

in

a

lot

of

time

and energy, or you'll go nowhere. The same can be said of other

subjects.

actors fame is built on their innate beauty, but despite his

short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent acting

that set him apart.

he took charge, we discovered that there were striking

differences between him and his predecessor. He had the drive and

passion, came up with many new ideas, and focused his work on how to

raise our morale.

Xiaoping made history when he declared China's reform and

opening- up policy. Despite tremendous obstacles, he made lasting

contributions to our country's modernization with his unrelenting

efforts.

6

could someone with a genius IQ be left behind by a hardworking

person with an average IQ? It has to be acknowledged that besides

one's IQ, many other factors have much to do with one's achievements.

teacher is really remarkable in first motivating her students so

she

can

really

teach

them

something.

It's

not

that

she

is

talented,

it's

that

she focuses completely or drawing their full attention in class.

第二单元

TEXT A

II

got no thanks for returning a wallet, though he deserved to.

wants to show how much people need gratitude to keep up a

spirit of kindness and cooperation.

saved up for two years, went to Normandy in person, and gave

her son's gold wristwatch to the woman.

send a short recording expressing his appreciation of the author's

thoughtfulness and sent it to the author.

7

5.A patient whose life was saved by a blood transfusion came back

again and again to donate his blood anonymously so that more patients

could be saved.

does

it

by

citing

W.H.

Hudson's

gratitude

for

his

wife's

day-to-day

heroism.

people who do little things for us all year round.

can make people take infinite pains with their work.

ude is needed all the time and none of us can give too much of

it.

III

ion e g

e tional us ude

d ble

IV

/took my fancy 2.a mistake on John's part

for granted twice

8

up ed to

about pains with

n from ing of

one way or another up

V

de de de ude

ude ude de de

VI

nation t -workers -owners

-authored ation ation t

VII

sacrifice for the education of the young was too great

price is too high to pay in order to save their lives

be too careful in performing an experiment

9

cannot praise him too much

not be overemphasized

be overestimated

VIII

BACDD BABCD BADCA

IX

一些人不愿表达感激之情，< /p>

因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。

我的一个病人在出院几

个星期后回到医院感谢他的护士。

“我没有更早地 回来，

”他解释说，

“是因为

我

猜想你们对于人们的感激一定厌烦得要命。”“ 正好相反，”她回答说，“我

很高兴

你来。

很少有人意识到我们多么需要鼓励，

我们从那些鼓励我们 的人身上获得了

多大的帮助。

”我们 所给予的感激永远不会过多。

因为我们身边的人在构筑他们

< /p>

的人生哲学时所依据的正是这些微笑、

我们所表示的感谢和我们表 示欣赏的各种

小小的示意动作。

X

glared at John and was annoyed by his refusal to cooperate.

10

's sincere speech shows his gratitude to the people who rendered

him generous help when he was in difficulty.

is something of a stamp collector. The fact that once he saved up

for two years to buy a rare stamp is proof of it.

beauty of these roses could not be overstated. They took/caught

all the visitors fancy in one way or another.

first he took it for granted that they should build more highways

in

this area. Then a careful calculation of the expenditure compelled him

to think twice before he made the final decision.

time he receives a gift from me, no matter how small, my friend

Bill never fails to acknowledge it.

journalist has decided to trace the young man referred to in the

old couple's letter, which is a tribute to the young man's effort at

improving their living conditions.

he was fed up with the salesmen who knocked at his door

and boasted about their products every day, he refrained from

slamming the door in their face.

11

第三单元

TEXT A

II

changed his perspective and observed people who did not have

smallpox.

wants to give a good example of lateral thinking.

compares the human brain to a computer and the change of one's

point of view to the reprogramming of the computer.

is to fight it.

calls it vertical thinking.

used the technique of lateral thinking.

key is to make a shift in emphasis instead of fighting the problem

head-on.

should change their point of view and regard themselves as their

body's keeper.

often lateral thinking yields much better results than vertical

thinking.

is approaching the target from

a sideways

point of view

instead of

12

approaching it directly.

III

ure icance

-on end ork

al;vertical

s ed

IV

up being in over

g on effect up teaching

V

ch red

ch m enced

d

13

VI

assistant accountant servant dependant attendant

contestant defendant consultant inhabitant occupant

ant t tans tant tant

nts ant tants ants ant

VII

use

great importance

great/critical/extreme significance

little value

marked benefit

invaluable help

14

VIII

1. should have told me at once2.

have told me beforehand3.

have left the company long ago

4. never should have happened

5. should have left thirty minutes ago

6. should have phoned

IX

CDBDA BBDBB CABDC

X

< br>一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗。

“进展越困难，

硬汉子越向前”这句话

便代表了这种解决问题的积极进取的态 度。

不管是什么问题，

不管可以用来解决

问题的方法是什么，

我们西方人的思维方式所产生的框架 总是搏斗。

德·博诺医

生称之为纵向 思维；即那种传统的、按顺序的、亚里士多德式的逻辑思维，坚定

地从一步移到下一步，就像玩具积木一块搭在另一块之上。当然，它的缺陷是，

< /p>

如果在任何时刻其中一步没有达到，

或者一块积木没有放对，

那么整个结构就会

15

坍塌。事情就会陷入僵局，沮丧、紧张和搏斗的情绪就会笼罩心头。横向思维，

德·博诺医生说，是对事物进行思考的一种新方法——一种完全避免这种拼搏，