【真题】2018年北京市高考英语试题含答案解析(Word版)

北京）

This is _________ my father has taught me

—

to always face difficulties and hope for the best.

二、完形填空

16.

（

2018?

北京）完形填空

The Homeless Hero

For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with ?400 in cash would be a source

（来源）

of temptation

（诱

. But the

1

would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and

惑）

money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith

2

more remarkable.

After spotting a

3

on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood

guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the

4

to return.

After hours in the cold and wet, he

5

inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some

ID so he could contact

（联系）

the driver, only to

6

it contained ?400 in notes, with another

?50 in spare change beside it.

He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after

7

a note behind to let the owner

know it was safe. When the car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the

car

—

which was itself worth ?35, 000

—

in Glasgow city centre, they were

8

to find two

policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was

9

.

The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his

10

.

Mr. Anderson said

：＂

I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the

streets tonight

11

he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has

nothing and

12

he didn't take the wallet for himself

；

he thought about others

13

. It's unbelievable. It just proves there are

14

guys out there.

＂

Mr. Smith's act

15

much of the public's attention. He also won praise from social media

users after Mr. Anderson

16

about the act of kindness on Facebook.

Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to

17

money for Mr. Smith and other

homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received

￡

8,000.

＂

I think the faith that everyone has

shown

18

him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he's had job

19

and all sorts,

＂

Mr. Anderson commented.

For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing

20

. The story once again tells us that one

good turn deserves another.

1. A. hope

2. A. still

3. A. wallet

B. aim

B. even

B. bag

C. urge

C. ever

C. box

D. effort

D. once

D. parcel

4. A. partner

B. colleague

C. owner

D. policeman

5. A. turned

B. hid

6. A. discover

B. collect

7. A. taking

B. leaving

C. stepped

D. reached

C. check

D. believe

C. reading

D. writing

C. amused

D. shocked

C. found

D. seen

8. A. satisfied

B. excited

9. A. safe

B. missing

10. A. service

B. support

C. kindness D. encouragement

11. A. when

B. if

12. A. rather

B. yet

13. A. too

B. though

C. where

D. because

C. already

D. just

C. again

C. rich

C. cast

C. cared

C. save

C. for

D. instead

D. generous

D. drew

D. heard

D. earn

D. in

D. applications

14. A. honest

B. polite

15. A. gave

B. paid

16. A. learned B. posted

17. A. borrow B. raise

18. A. of

B. at

19. A. details

B. changes

C. offers

20. A. lesson

B. adventure C. chance

D. challenge

三、阅读理解

17.

（

2018?

北京）阅读理解

A

My First Marathon

（马拉松）

A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks,

leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.

I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then

hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was

＂

not athletic

＂

.

The idea that I was

＂

not athletic

＂

stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized

running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the

battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!

The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and

nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.

Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(

鞋带

) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the

start I wanted!

At mile 3, I passed a sign:

＂

GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!

＂

By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the

course walking a bit and then running again.

By mile 21, I was starving!

As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm

clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.

I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the

one that the guy who came in first place had.

Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(

世俗标签

), I can now call myself

a

＂

marathon winner

＂

.

（

1

）

A month before the marathon, the author ____________.

A. was well trained B. felt scared C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope

（

2

）

Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?

A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.

B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.

C. To show he was not talented in sports.

D. To share a precious memory.

（

3

）

How was the author's first marathon?

A. He made it. B. He quit halfway. C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end.

（

4

）

What does the story mainly tell us?

A. A man owes his success to his family support.

B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.

C. Failure is the mother of success.

D. One is never too old to learn.

（

2018?

北京 ）阅读理解

B

Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(

航空

) Center

If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center

offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.

More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation,

education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like

to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they're studying in the

classroom.

For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(

荣誉徽章

). At Space Camp,

trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks

and try simulated(

模拟

) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program

gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating

skills in the cockpit(

驾驶舱

) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness

Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue

of

＂

downed

＂

pilot.

With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a

bigger task.

All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp

programs for families with children as young as 7.

Stay an hour or stay a week

—

there is something here for everyone!

For more details, please visit us online at .

（

1

）

Why do people come to SAC?

A. To experience adventures. B. To look for jobs in aviation.

C. To get a degree in engineering. D. To learn more about medicine.

（

2

）

To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to

.

A. fly to space

B. get an Aviation badge first

C. study the principles of flight

D. build and fire model rockets

（

3

）

What is the most important for trainees?

A. Leadership. B. Team spirit. C. Task planning. D. Survival skills.

19.

（

2018?

北京）阅读理解

C

Plastic- Eating Worms

Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(

垃

圾填埋场

), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a

new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.

Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down

polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene

shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it.

To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers

made some worms into paste(

糊状物

) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of

their mass

—

apparently broken down by enzymes (

酶

) from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were

published in

Current Biology

in 2017.

Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food

—

beeswax

—

also allows them to break down plastic.

＂

Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in

polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,

＂

she explains,

＂

The wax worm evolved a method or

system to break this bond.

＂

Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is

not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the

speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the

breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(

肠道微生物

)?

Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down

plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process

—

not simply

＂

millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.

＂

（

1

）

What can we learn about the worms in the study?

A. They take plastics as their everyday food.

B. They are newly evolved creatures.

C. They can consume plastics. D. They wind up in landfills.

（

< br>2

）

According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to

.

A. identify other means of the breakdown

B. find out the source of the enzyme

C. confirm the research findings D. increase the breakdown speed

（

3

）

It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might

.

A. help to raise worms B. help make plastic bags

C. be used to clean the oceans D. be produced in factories in future

（

4

）

What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To explain a study method on worms.

B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.

C. To present a way to break down plastics. D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.

20.

（

2018?

北京）阅读理解

D

Preparing Cities for Robot Cars

The possibility of self- driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from

materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles

began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared

the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.

California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities

across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it

takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for

worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.

While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so),

policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut

emissions(

排放

) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a

chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.

Do we want to copy

—

or even worsen

—

the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where

most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed

highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread.

They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying

for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving

minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport

—

an unwelcome side effect

researchers have already found in ride- hailing(

叫车

) services.

A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars

worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80%

and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(

基础设施

) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and

cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be

fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and

maintenance issues(

责任与维护问题

). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more

people become comfortable with the technology.

Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't

extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological

advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more

people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.

（

1

）

According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.

A. help deal with transportation-related problems

B. provide better services to customers

C. cause damage to our environment

D. make some people lose jobs

（

2

）

As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern?

A. Safety.

B. Side effects.

C. Affordability.

D. Management.

（

3

）

What does the underlined word

＂

fielded

＂

in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. Employed. B. Replaced. C. Shared. D. Reduced.

（

4

）

What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars?

A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.

四、任务型阅读

21.

（

2018?

北京）任 务型阅读

Why Do We Get Angry?

Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can

make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering

（触发）

events, personality traits

（特征）

, and our assessment of situations. ________

Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However,

here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much

more.________ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's

personal history and psychological traits.

Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that

connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ________ Also,

sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a

triggering event has occurred.

________Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes

ignorance and negative (

消极的

) outlooks on situations can create anger.

________However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in

order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout

the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.

A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.

B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.

C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.

D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.

E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.

F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical

eye.

G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not

trigger another.

五、书面表达

22.

（

2018?

北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华， 你的英国朋友

Jim

在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化

感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：

1

）表示欢迎；

2

）推荐他上哪所大学；

3

）建议他做哪些准备工作。

注意：

1

）词数不少于

50

；

2

）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

________

Yours,

Li Hua

23.

（

2 018?

北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇 英文周记，记

述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。

注意：词数不少于

60

。