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过去分词作——定语、表语、宾补、状语
The Past Participle used As Attribute
and Predicative
第一讲、过去分词做定语和表语
h
is a widely used language.
threw away
the broken cup.
is one of the schools
built in 1980s.
of daily goods bought
through a computer can be lower than store
prices.
单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面
;
过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。
spoken English
= English which
is spoken
terrified people
=
the people who are terrified
an
organized way
= a way that is organized
affected area
灾区
=
the area which is affected
stolen culture
relics
= culture relics that had been
stolen
the book recommended by the
teacher
= the book which
was recommended by
the teacher
printed
articles
= articles that
are printed
1) Doctor John Snow was a
well-known doctor in London.
定语
2) John Snow
told the astonished people in Broad Street.
定语
3) He got
interested in the two theories.
表语
4) Neither its
cause, nor its cure was understood
表语
Past
Participle
as
the
Past
Participle
as
the
Predicativ
e
Attribute
定语
表语
ied
people
ed seats
ed water
4.a
crowded room
who are
terrified
that are reserved
that is polluted
4.a room
that is crowded
5.a pleased
winner
6. Astonished
children
7.a broken vase
8.a closed door
tired
audience
10.a trapped animal
5.a winner that is pleased
en who look astonished
7.a vase that is broken
8.a door that is closed
audience who feel tired
animal that is trapped
There are many fallen leaves on the
ground.
= There are many
leaves which had fallen on the ground.
(
地上有许多落叶
)
Some
of
them,
born
and
brought
up
in
rural
villages,
had
never
been
to
Beijing.
= Some of them ,
who had been born and brought up in rural
villages, had
never been to Beijing.
(
他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过北京
)
及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或
者没有一定的时间性
,
只
表示
被动关系
。
polluted water
=
water which is polluted
reserved seats
=
the seats which were reserved
trapped animal
=
the animal which was
trapped
不及物动词的过
去分词不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，
含有
动作完
成，动作结束
之含义。
boiled water
=
water which has boiled
fallen leaves
= the leaves
which have fallen
risen sun
=
the sun which has risen
过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。
The
books,
written
by
Guo
Jingming,
are
very
popular
with
teenagers.
这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的喜爱。
Some of them,
born and brought up in rural villages, had never
been
to Beijing.
他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没过北京
.
The book
_
written by the farmer
(
一本农民写的书
) is very popular.
The
building
built
last
year
(
去年建的楼房
)
now
collapsed
in
the
Wenchuan earthquake.
The
problem
discussed
at
the
meeting yesterday
(
在昨天会议上讨论的
)
was very difficult to solve.
The
window
broken
by
that
naughty
boy
被那个顽皮男孩打破的
)
is
being repaired.
The children
examined in the
hospital yesterday
昨天在医院检查的
)
were
seriously ill.
The
people
exposed to the sun
(
暴露在阳光下的
) got sunburnt.
The boy
punished severely by
the teacher
(
受到老师严厉惩罚的
) is now
a college student.
The water
delivered to his home
(
送到他家的水
) carried disease.
The English today is quite different
from the English
spoken in the past 300
years
(300
年前所说的
).
Most
of the artists
invited to the
party
(
被邀请去参加聚会的
)
were from
South Africa.
The
students
inspired by the
teacher
(
受到老师鼓舞的
)worked harder than
ever before.
The Olympic
Games, __A_ in 776 B.C. did not include women
players
until 1912.
A. first played
B.
to be first played
C. first playing
D.
to be first playing
①过去分词做定语
与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作
已完成。
②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。
③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。
first played in 776B.C. =
which was first played in 776 B.C.
Consolidation
巩固
1. Prices of
daily goods ____ through a computer can be lower
than store
prices.
A. are bought
B. bought
C. been bought
D. buying
2. With a lot of different problems
____,
the
newly-elected president is having
a hard time.
A. settled
B. settling
C.
to settle
D. being settled
3. Don’t use words, expressions or
phrases ____ only to people with specific
knowledge.
A. being known
B. having been
known
C. to be known
D. known
4. When I got back, I saw a
mess
age ____ to the door____ “Sorry to
miss
you; will call later.”
A.
pin, read
B.
pinning, reading
C. pinned, reading
D.
pinned, read
2
）作表语
表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词
已经被当作形容词使用。
如：
disapp
ointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased,
surprised, lost
等。
The window is broken.
窗户碎了。
Don’t get
so excited.
别这么激动。
1.
用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此
时相当于一个形容词。
2.
被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强
,
句子主语为动作的承受
者，
后面常
跟
by
短语。
①
The glass is broken.
The glass was broken by Tom.
②
The windows are
closed.
The
windows are closed by Jack.
3.
表示
“
感觉流露
”
的一些过去分词
(
如
:
interested,
surprised,
excited,
frightened,
shocked
)
和一些过去分词
(
如
dressed,
drunk,
devoted,
lost,
kn
own
)
常用作表语
,
表示状态
.
其中有些仅表示状态
,
毫无被动意味。
①
How did the
audience receive the new play?
They got very
excited
.
②
How did Bob do in the exams this time?
Well, his father seems
pleased
with his results.
③
She
was very
disappointed
to
hear the result.
④
He’s quite
experienced
in teaching beginners.
作表语练习：
Cleaning women in big cities usually
get ________by the hour.
A. pay
B. paying
C.
paid
D.
to pay
该题考查分词作表语的用法。
“to pay sb. by
the hour”
计时给某人报酬。
此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：
get burnt, get hurt ,
get wounded.
1. The rooms
are ____, so you can’t move in.
A. painted
B.
painting
C.
being painted
D. to be painted
2. As soon
as he entered the city, he ____.
A.
was losing
B. got losing
C.
grew lost
D.
got lost
3. What he has
done is really ____.Now his parents
are _____ him.
A. disappointing;
disappointed at
B. disappointing;
disappointed
about
C. disappointing;
disappointed
with
D.
disappointed;
disappointing by
现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别
现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义．
现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成．
a
moving movie
感人的电影
a moved
audience
被感动的观众
boiling
water
正在烧
(
煮
沸
)
的水
boiled
water
已煮沸的水
developing
countries
反展中国家
developed
countries
发达国家
falling leaves
落叶
(
正在
进行
)
fallen leaves
落叶
(
已经
完成
)
The child
standing
over there is my
brother.
The room
facing
south is our
classroom.
The book
written
by Lu Xun is very
good.
The road
completed
yesterday is
leading to Tibet.
第二讲、过去分词作宾补用法归纳
英
语中过去分词可作宾补，
（此时的过去分词一般是及物动词）表被动
意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑
上的动宾关系
，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：
She found
the door broken in when she came back.(
宾补与宾语有被动的关
系，表一种状态。
)
一．
过去分词用在表状态的动词
keep,leave
等的后面。
Eg:They kept the door locked for a long
time.
Keep your mouth shut and your
eyes open.(
谚语：少说多看）
Don't leave such an important thing
undone.
Don't leave the windows broken
like this all the time.
二．过分词用在
get,have,make,
的后面。
1.
注意“
have +
宾语
+
过去分词”的两种情况：
A
）表
让某人做某事
/
让某事（被人）做
eg: I have had my bike repaired.
The villagers had many trees planted
just then.
B)
表
遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击
/
受
....
影响，蒙受
.....
损失
Eg:I had my
wallet stolen on a bus last month.
The
old man had his leg broken in the accident.
He had his leg broken in the match
yesterday.(MET1986)
2.
宾语
+
过去分词
在这种结构
中，
过去分词的动词必须是表示结
果含义的。如：
They managed to make themselves
understood in very simple English.
I
raised my voice to make myself heard.
三
、过去分词用在感观动词
watch,notice,see,hear,listen
to
,feel,find
等后
面。如
When we got to
school,we saw the door locked.
We can
hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
He felt himself cheated.
The
managers discussed the plan that they would like
to see carried out the
next
year.(NMET2000)
四、过去分词用在
want,wish,like
,expect
等表示“希望，愿望”这一类
动词
后面做宾补。如
The boss wouldn't
like the problem discussed at the moment.
I would like my house painted white.
I want the suit made to his own
measure.
I wish the problem settled.
五、过去分词用在“
with
+
宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语
之间是动宾关系。如：<
/p>
The thief was brought in
with his hands tied behind his back.
With many brightly-coloured flowers
planted around the building ,his house
looks like a beautiful garden.
With everything well arranged,he left
the office.
六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。
现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时
进
行。
过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先
于谓语动作。
不定式作宾补：
表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到
或感觉到的具体
动作。
eg:He didn't notice me
waiting.
I heard the song sung in
English.
I saw him opening the window.
I saw the window opened.
I
saw him open the window.
I heard her
sing the song in English.
专项训练
1
：
1.___ poor at English, I'm afraid I
can't make myself ___.
be;understand
B.I'm
;to
understand
;understanding
;understood
2.I have had my bike ___ ,and I'm going
to have somebody ___ my radio
tomorrow.
;to
repair
ing;to
be
repaired
ed;repair
repair;repairing
must get
the work ___ before Friday.
do
4.___ the room,the nurse found the
tape-recorder ___.
ng;stealing
ng;gone
have
entered;
being
stolen
entered;to be stolen
are pleased to see the problem ___ so
quickly.
d been settled settled ng
. Brown was much
disappointed to see the washing machine she had
had ____ went wrong again.(
上
海
1999
）
repaired ed be repaired
is wise to have some money ___ for old
age.(NMET1996)
away up away up (put
away
放好
,
储存
...
备用
,
处理掉
,
放弃
,
抛弃
)
8.I don't
want the children ___ out in such weather.
take
9.I'm
afraid that I can't make myself ___ be cause of my
poor English.
tand tanding understand
tood
murderer was brought in, with his
hands ___ behind his back.
tied tied
be tied (
表动作完成）
专项训练
2
：
found her greatly ___.
ing
d help disturbed
got her bad tooth
___ at the dentist's.
put in out out
g out
____ ,the museum will be open to
the public next
year.(
上海
2002)
ted
ting completed be completed
a lot of difficulties ___ ,they went
to the seashore and had a good rest.
d
ng settle settled
research is so
designed that once ___ nothing can be done to
change
it.(NMET2002)
begun
ing
(
once
begun
在句中作状
语，
begin
为及物动词
:
“着手”
）
6.___ ,they went home,___.
work had been finished;singing and
laughing
had finished their work;sang
and laughed
work finished
;singing and laughing
their work
finished;singing and laughing
he came
to London,he had never heard a single English word
___
ng speak
8.____ more
attention,the trees could have grown better.
give given
9.___
from
space,the
earth
with
water
___70
％
of
its
surface
looks
like
a
covered seen;covers
;covering covering
10.____,the
experiment will be successful.
carefully
doing
it
done
carefully
carefully
done
doing
carefully
girl wrote a composition without ___.
asked be asked
finished his homework and then went on
___me.