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第六部分
新西兰
Part Six New Zealand
Chapter33
.New
Zealand(capital:
Wellington)
惠灵顿
1)
新西兰的地理位置
New
Zealand’s geography:
新西兰地处南太平洋,位于赤道和南极之间
New Zealand is in the Southern Pacific
Ocean,
halfway
between the
equator and the
South Pole.
新西兰的面积与英国和日本相近。它有
2
个主要的岛,北岛和南
岛
The size of the country is
similar to Britain or has two main islands:North
Island
and South Island
新西兰
位于国际日期变更线以西,所以它是世界上第一个迎接新一天到来的国家。
New Zealand is just west of the
Internationnal
Date Line
,so
it is the first country to get
the new
day.
最高的山峰是库克山,海拔
3764
米。
陶波湖是新西兰最大的湖。
The
highest peak is Mt
Cook
,3764M. Lake
Taupo
is the largest lake in
New Zealand
南岛最大的河流是克鲁沙河,北岛最大的河流有
2
个,是怀卡托河和黄加雷河。
The largest rivers in South Island is
the
Clutha
,and in the North
Island is the
Waikato
and
the
wanganui.
地震和火山是新西兰最严重的自然灾害。
Earthquakes and volcanoes are the most
serious potential natural disasters.
2
)
气候特征
Characteristics of New
Zealand’s climate;
①气候温和
generally temperates.
②多样,最北端是亚热带气候,南岛一些山区则是亚寒带气候
varied climate: In the far north it is
subtropical and in some mountainous areas of
South
Island it is
subarctic
③
.
常年下雨
Rain falls all year round
新西兰阳光最充足的城镇是纳尔逊,西海岸的降雨量最大。
The sunniest town in New Zealand,
Nelson
,
The
highest rainfall is on the west coast
Ⅲ
.
植物和动物
Plants
and Animals
新西兰的许多土生有花植物都是
独一无二的。世界上最古老的一些植物种类在这里可以
找到
Many of New Zealand's native flowering
plants are unique. Some of the world's oldest
plant forms can be found here
新西兰的本国树木却是四季常青,所以整个新西兰全年常绿
New Zealand native trees are
evergreens, so the country remains green all
year round.
红色的波赫塔克瓦被称为新西兰的圣诞树
The red
pohutukawa
called New
Zealand Christmas tree
几维鸟被当作是国家的象征,新西兰人也这样称呼自己
The kiwi is a national symbol and New
Zealanders refer to themselves as Kiwis.
Ⅳ
.
历史背景
Historical Background
1
、第一个到
达新西兰的欧洲人是荷兰的阿贝尔
.
塔斯曼,
< br>1642
年。
The
frist European to visit New Zealand in 1642 was a
Dutchman,
Abel Tasman
.
2
、最早到达新西兰的英国人是英国皇家海军的詹姆士
< br>.
库克船长,
1769
年。
p>
The frist Englishman to
visit New Zealand in 1769 was Captain James COok
of the British
Royal Navy.
英国政府对这个国家感兴趣有多种原因
:
The
British
government
was
interested
in
the
country for various reasons:
与新西兰贸易往来对于经济极为重要
;
新西兰没有法律,也没
有任何人实施法律
;
在与移民
交往中,
没有人保护毛利人的权利
trade with New
Zealand was economically important; there were no
laws or anyone to
enforce them; there
was no one to protect
Maori
rights in dealings with the settlers; <
/p>
3
、
1840
年
第一位总督威廉
.
赫伯森,代表维多利亚女王和毛利酋长签订了
《威坦哲条
约》,现代新西兰成立了。
In 1840
Hobson
,representing Queen Victoria, and some Maori
chiefs, signed the Treaty
of
Waitangi
.Modern New Zealand
was founded.
条约的三条内容
The Treaty of Waitangi 1840 has three
articles
1)
毛利人把立法权交给英国女王
the Maori people gave the Queen of
england the right to make laws for the country
2)
毛利人拥有自己的土地,森林,渔场,如果毛利人想出售
他们的财产,只能卖给英国政
府。
promised the
Maori own their lands,forests,and other treasured
possessions,if Maori
wanted to sell
land ,only the Crown had the right to
buy
。
3)
保证毛利人享有和英国臣民一样的权利
Maoris were
granted all the rights and
privileges
of British subjects.
4
、
1852
年,新西兰被准许内部自治。
In 1852 New Zealand was granted
internal self-government.
5
、
1865
年,移民者建立惠灵顿成为首都
< br>Wellington
founded by the first
settlers became
the capital in 1865.
p>
6.19
世纪
60
年代欧洲人和毛利人发生土地纠纷,爆发战争
Land war between
the
Europeans and the Maoris broke out
in the 1860s.
7
、在南岛、奥塔戈发现了黄
金,
1870
年,淘金热结束
Gold
was discovered in
Otago
and Westland, but the gold boom ended
in 1870
1893
年,新西兰成为第一个妇女有选举权
的国家。
In 1893 New Zealand
became the first country to give women the vote <
/p>
2
月
6
日是条约
签定的纪念日,这一天也就是新西兰的国庆日,是全国性的节日。
The anniversary of the signing,
February 6, is celebrated as New Zealand National
Day,
Waitangi Day, and is a national
holiday.
20
世纪
30<
/p>
年代早期的经济萧条对新西兰打击很大。
The economic depression of the early
1930s was severely felt in New Zealand.
第二次世界大战后,人们充分就业,生产和服务行业迅速发展。
After
the
war
there
was
full
employment
and
manufacturing
and
service
industries
expanded.
1972
年通过
的《事故赔偿法》是世界上独一无二的,它对任何时候的事故伤害都提供保
险。
The Accident Compensation Act
of 1972, unique in the world,
< br>Ⅵ
.
毛利人的文化
Maoritanga
毛利人的文化是新西兰生活中发展和变化的一部分。毛利人对
世界、自然、教育、精
神及死亡的看法,越来越变为新西兰的生活方式。
Maoritanga
is a growing
and changing part of life in
Aotearoa
(New Zealand).
Maori
views
of
the
world,
of
nature,
of
education,
of
spirituality
and
of
death,
are
becoming
more and more part
of the New Zealand way of life.
毛利人相信,他们的祖先及世界上所有的生物都是神灵创造的。
Maoris
believe
their
ancestors,
and
all
living
things
in
the
world,
were
descended from
the gods,
p>
马拉埃
--
聚会大厅及其周围土地
--
是毛利人村社生活的中心。
The
marae
-the
meeting house and the land around it-is the focus
of Maori community
life.
政府
于
1871
年制定了一条禁止毛利族儿童在学校里讲毛利语的法
令,因此毛利语就衰
落了
In
1871 the government made a law to stop Maori
children speaking their language at
school and the Maori language declined,
第一所双语学校于
1974
年成立,这
些主要是由于毛利族妇女的努力,她们是为了让孩
子学习毛利语和风俗习惯。
In
1974
the
first
bilingual
school
was
established.
mostly
through
the
efforts
of
Maori
women, for children to
learn Maori language and customs.
毛利语现在是新西兰的两种官方语言之一。
Maori is now one of the two official
languages of Aotearoa.
第三十四章
今日新西兰
Chapter 34 New Zealand
Today
尽管新西兰依赖农业,但大多数人还是居住在城镇和城市里。
In
spite
of
New
Zealand's
dependence
on
agriculture,
most
people
live
in
towns
and
cities.
几乎
3/4
的人住在北岛,
50%
的新西兰人住在汉密尔顿以北。造成这种人口分布不均
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