新航道试卷(雅思)

Test 2

Listening Module (30minutes+transfer time)

SECTION

1

Questions 1-10

Questions 1-4

Circle the correct letters A-C.

Example

Which course is the man interested in?

A. English

B. Mandarin

C. Japanese

1. What kind of course is the man seeking?

A. Daytime

B. Evenings

C. Weekends

2. How long does the man want to study?

A. 12 weeks

B. 6 months

C. 8 months

3. What proficiency level is the student?

A. Beginner

B. Intermediate

D. Advanced

4. When does the man want to start the course?

A. March

B. June

C. September

Questions 5-10

Complete the form.

Write

NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS

for each answer.

Language Centre

Client Information Card

Name: Richard 5

…………………………………………

E-mail address: 6

……………………………

@

Date of birth: 7

…………………………………………

1980

Reason for studying Japanese: 8

……………………………………

Specific learning needs: 9

……………………………………………

Place of previous study (if any): 10

……………………………………

1

SECTION

2

Questions 11-20

Questions 11-12

Complete the sentences below.

Write

NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS

for each answer.

11. The story illustrates that dogs are

………………

animals.

12. The people of the town built a

…………………

of a dog.

Questions 13-

20

Complete the table below.

Write

NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS

for each answer.

TYPE OF WORKING DOG

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS

FOR THE JOB

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Sheep dogs

Guide dogs

Guard dogs and

16

……………

. and

……………

. dogs

Detector dogs

Transport dogs

Smart, obedient

Confident and

14

……………

.

Tough and courageous

Herd sheep and

13

……………

.them

Training paid for by

15

……………

.

Dogs and trainers

Available through

17

……………

.

In Sydney they catch

19

……………

. a month

International treaty bans

huskies from Antarctica

Need to really

18

……………

.

Happy working

20

……………

.

2

SECTION

3

Questions 21-30

Questions 21-23

Complete the notes below.

Write

NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS

or

A NUMBER

for each answer.

Braille-a system of writing for the blind

●

Louis Braille was blinded as a child in his 21

………………

.

●

Braille invented the writing system in the year 22

………………

.

●

An early writing system for the blind used embossed letters.

●

A military system using dots was called 23

………………

.

Questions 24-27

Circle the correct letters A-C.

24. Which diagram shows the Braille positions?

○○○○

○○

○○○

○○○○

○○

○○○

○○○○

○○

A.

B.

C.

25. What can the combined dots represent?

A. both letters and words

B. only individual words

C. only letters of the alphabet

26. When was the Braille system officially adopted?

A. as soon as it was invented

B. two years after it was invented

C. after Louis Braille had died

27. What is unusual about the way Braille is written?

A. It can only be written using a machine.

B. The texts have to be read backwards.

C. Handwritten Braille is created in reverse.

Questions 28-30

List

THREE

subjects that also use a Braille code.

Write

NO MORE THAN ONE WORD

for each answer.

28

………………………

..

29

………………………

..

3

30

………………………

..

SECTION

4

Questions 31-40

Questions 31-35

Complete the notes below.

Write

NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS

or

A NUMBER

for each answer.

Question: Can babies remember any 31

………………………

..

Experiment with babies:

Apparatus: baby in cot

Colourful mobile

some 32

………………………

..

Re- introduce mobile between one and 33

………………………

.. later.

Table showing memory test results

Baby

’

s age

2 months

3months

21months

2years

Maximum memory span

2 days

34

………………

Several weeks

35

…………………

..

Questions 36-40

Research questions:

Is memory linked to 36

…………………

.. development?

Can babies 37

…………………

.. their memories?

Experiment with older children:

Stages in incident:

a) lecture taking place

b) object falls over

c) 38

…………………

..

Table showing memory test results

Age

Adults

9-year-olds

%remembered

next day

70%

70%

%remembered

after 5 months

39

…………………

.

Table showing memory test

Less than 60%

4

6-year-olds

Just under 70%

40

…………………

.

5

Reading Module (1 hour)

READING PASSAGE

1

You should spend about 20 minutes on

Questions 1-13

, which are

based on Reading Passage 1 below.

In Praise of Amateurs

Despite the specialisation of scientific research, amateurs still have an important role to play

During

the

scientific

revolution

of

the

17th

century,

scientists

were

largely

men

of

private

means who pursued their interest in natural philosophy for their own edification. Only in the past

century or two has it become possible to make a living from investigating the workings of nature.

Modern

science

was,

in

other

words,

built

on

the

work

of

amateurs.

Today,

science

is

an

increasingly specialised and compartmentalised subject, the domain of experts who know more and

more

about

less

and

less.

Perhaps

surprisingly,

however,

amateurs

-

even

those

without

private

means - are still important.

A recent poll carried out at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of

Science

by

astronomer

Dr

Richard

Fienberg

found

that,

in

addition

to

his

field

of

astronomy,

amateurs are actively involved in such fields as acoustics, horticulture, ornithology, meteorology,

hydrology and palaeontology. Far from being crackpots, amateur scientists are often in close touch

with professionals, some of whom rely heavily on their co-operation.

Admittedly,

some

fields

are

more

open

to

amateurs

than

others.

Anything

that

requires

expensive equipment is clearly a no-go area. And some kinds of research can be dangerous; most

amateur chemists, jokes Dr Fienberg, are either locked up or have blown themselves to bits. But

amateurs can make valuable contributions in fields from rocketry to palaeontology and the rise of

the Intemet has made it easier than ever before to collect data and distribute results.

Exactly which field of study has benefited most from the contributions of amateurs is a matter

of some dispute. Dr Fienberg makes a strong case for astronomy. There is, he points out, a long

tradition

of

collaboration

between

amateur

and

professional

sky

watchers.

Numerous

comets,

asteroids and even the planet Uranus were discovered by amateurs. Today, in addition to comet and

asteroid spotting, amateurs continue to do valuable work observing the brightness of variable stars

and

detecting

novae-

'new'

stars

in

the

Milky

Way

and

supernovae

in

other

galaxies.

Amateur

observers are helpful, says

Dr Fienberg, because there are so many of

them (they

far outnumber

professionals)

and

because

they

are

distributed

all

over

the

world.

This

makes

special

kinds

of

observations possible: if several observers around the world accurately record the time when a star

is

eclipsed

by

an

asteroid,

for

example,

it

is

possible

to

derive

useful

information

about

the

asteroid's shape.

Another field in which amateurs have traditionally played an important role is palaeontology.

Adrian Hunt, a palaeontologist at Mesa Technical College in New Mexico, insists that his is the

field in which amateurs have made the biggest contribution. Despite the development of high-tech

equipment,

he

says,

the

best

sensors

for

finding

fossils

are

human

eyes

-

lots

of

them.

Finding

volunteers

to

look

for

fossils

is

not

difficult,

he

says,

because

of

the

near- universal

interest

in

anything to do with dinosaurs. As well as helping with this research, volunteers learn about science,

a process he calls 'recreational education'.

6

Rick

Bonney

of

the

Cornell

Laboratory

of

Ornithology

in

Ithaca,

New

York,

contends

that

amateurs have contributed the most in his field. There are, he notes, thought to be as many as 60

million

birdwatchers

in

America

alone.

Given

their

huge

numbers

and

the

wide

geographical

coverage

they

provide,

Mr

Bonney

has

enlisted

thousands

of

amateurs

in

a

number

of

research

projects. Over the past few years their observations have uncovered previously unknown trends and

cycles in bird

migrations and revealed declines in

the breeding populations of several species of

migratory birds, prompting a habitat conservation programme.

Despite the successes and whatever the field of study,

collaboration between

amateurs and

professionals

is

not

without

its

difficulties.

Not

everyone,

for

example

is

happy

with

the

term

'amateur', Mr Bonney has coined the term 'citizen scientist' because he felt that other words, such as

'volunteer' sounded disparaging. A more serious problem is the question of how professionals can

best

acknowledge

the

contributions

made

by

amateurs.

Dr

Fienberg

says

that

some

amateur

astronomers are happy to provide their observations but grumble about not being reimbursed for

out-of-pocket expenses. Others feel let down when their observations are used in scientific papers,

but they are not listed as co-authors. Dr Hunt says some amateur palaeontologists are disappointed

when told that they cannot take finds home with them.

These

are

legitimate

concerns

but

none

seems

insurmountable.

Provided

amateurs

and

professionals agree the terms on which they will work together beforehand, there is no reason why

co-operation between the two groups should not flourish. Last year Dr S. Carlson, founder'of the

Society

for

Amateur

Scientists

won

an

award

worth

$$290,000

for

his

work

in

promoting

such

co-operation. He says that one of the main benefits of the prize is the endorsement it has given to

the

contributions

of

amateur

scientists,

which

has

done

much

to

silence

critics

among

those

professionals who believe science should remain their exclusive preserve.

At

the

moment,

says

Dr

Carlson,

the

society

is

involved

in

several

schemes

including

an

innovative rocket-design project and the setting up of a network of observers who will search for

evidence

of

a

link

between

low-frequency

radiation

and

earthquakes.

The

amateurs,

he

says,

provide enthusiasm and talent, while the professionals provide guidance 'so that anything they do

discover will be taken seriously'. Having laid the foundations of science, amateurs will have much

to contribute to its ever-expanding edifice.

Complete the summary below. Chose

ONE or TWO WORDS

from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.

Summary

Prior

to

the

19th

century,

professional ...

1 ...

did

not

exist

and

scientific

research

was

largely

carried

out

by

amateurs.

However,

while ...

2 ...

today

is

mostly

the

domain

of

professionals,

a

recent US survey highlighted the fact that amateurs play an important role in at least seven ... 3 ...

and indeed many professionals are reliant on their ... 4

....

In areas such as astronomy, amateurs

can

be

invaluable

when

making

specific

...

5

...

on

a

global

basis.

Similarly

in

'the

area

of

palaeontology

their

involvement

is

invaluable

and

helpers

are

easy

to

recruit

because

of

the

popularity of ... 6

....

Amateur birdwatchers also play an active role and their work has led to the

establishment of a ... 7

.... Occasionally the term 'amateur' has been the source of disagreement

and

alternative

names

have

been

suggested

but

generally

speaking,

as

long

as

the

professional

scientists ... 8 ... the work of the non-professionals, the two groups can work productively together.

7

Questions 9-13

Reading Passage 1 contains a number of opinions provided by four different scientists.

Match each opinion (Questions 9--13) with the scientists

A-D

.

NB

You may use any of the scientists A-D more than once.

9. Amateur involvement can also be an instructive pastime.

10. Amateur scientists are prone to accidents.

11. Science does not belong to professional scientists alone.

12. In certain areas of my work, people are a more valuable resource than technology.

13. It is important to give amateurs a name which reflects the value of their work.

A. Dr Fienberg

B. Adrian Hunt

C. Rick Bonney

D. Dr Carlson

8