血液透析膜的制备

透性能

,

纯水的超滤率（

UFR

）和葡聚糖的筛分系数（

SC

）这些准备工作条件的影响。涂布

的纤维素含量的下降和对

N-

甲基吗啉

-N-

氧化物

浓度和温度都上升的凝固剂浓度的增加

做成了高超滤率的膜。

< br>

关于筛分系数，纤维素浓度增加和对温度和

N-

甲基吗啉

-N-

氧化

物

浓度都下降的凝固剂浓度的降低做出了一个很好的结果。

< /p>

因此，具有适合的筛分系数和

超滤率参数该膜作为血液透析膜时可 在

5

℃水中

8

％的纤维素涂料凝结而成。

?2002Wiley

Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2302

–

2307, 2002

关键词

：纤维素

;

血液透析膜

;

N

-

甲基

-

N

-

氧化吗啉

;

超滤率

;

筛分性能

INTRODUCTION

Today, various polymeric materials are widely applied to the preparation of hemodialysis membranes,

such as regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetate, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, nylon,

polymethylmethacrylate, and ethylene

–

vinyl alcohol copolymer, among which the most popular

material is regenerated cellulose. The regenerated cellulose membrane, made by the cuprammonium

rayon method, has found wide clinical use because of its excellent performance in the removal of the

low molecular weight toxic substances

such as urea and creatinine from patients’

blood.

导论

今天，

各种高分子聚合物被广泛适用于血液透析膜的制备，

如再生纤维素，

纤维素醋酸乙烯，

聚砜，聚丙烯腈，尼龙，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，乙烯 ，乙烯醇共聚物，其中最流行材料是再生

纤维素。

发现由铜氨人 造丝的方法制成的再生纤维素膜具有广泛的临床应用，因

为它低分子量能有效地清除有毒 物质如病人的血液中的尿素和肌氨酸酐。

However, the membrane has demonstrated weaknesses, such as in insufficiently removing the low

molecular weight proteins and in blood compatibility. The molecular weights of the proteins, which are

considered to cause various chronic side reactions, are in the range of 10,000 to 55,000 Da. In

particular, it is well known that the accumulation of _

2

-microglobulin (_

2

-MG, 11,800 Da) in the body

causes amyloidosis.

然而这种膜也有其不足之处，

例如不能充分有效的去除低分子量蛋白 质和血液相

容性问题。被认为导致各种慢性病副反应的蛋白质分子量都在

10,000

到

55,000Da

范围内。特别地，众所周知

β

2 -

微球蛋白（

2-MG

，

11800D a

）的积累

在体内会导致淀粉样变性。

To solve these problems in the regenerated cellulose membrane, a number of synthetic polymer

membranes were investigated, some of which have been in practical use, such as polysulfone

and cellulose triacetate membranes. Of course, many attempts to improve the performance of the

regenerated cellulose membrane have also been carried out by investigating the

coagulation/regeneration conditions.

为解决再生纤维素膜的这些问题，< /p>

对一系列聚合膜进行了研究，

其中一些已经在实际应用中，

如聚砜和三醋酸纤维素膜。

当然，

许多为提高 再生纤维素膜性能的尝试也已经通过研究其凝

结物或者再生条件而进行。

Almost all of the studies were based on the cuprammonium rayon method, given that a sati

sfactory

solvent for cellulose was limited to cuprammonium hydroxide solution. In this method very

complicated coagulation/regeneration processes such as aqueous alkaline-coagulation/

acid-regeneration are adopted to make a hemodialysis membrane. Therefore, the controls

of the

morphology and performance of the membrane were restricted. < /p>

几乎所有的研究都是基于铜氨人造丝的方法，

考虑到一个满意的纤 维素溶剂受限于铜铵碱溶

液。

在这种方法中采用非常复杂的凝结 物或者再生过程如碱性水溶液凝血或酸再生来做一个

血液透析膜。因此，膜的形态控制和 性能要求都非常严格。

In those investigations, however, some produced satisfactory results and were subsequently commercialized.

From the viewpoint of the cellulose industry, the cuprammonium rayon method is neither economical

nor ecologically friendly because it needs the cuprammonium solution and the complicated

manufacturing processes as mentioned above. To cellulose, many attempts to dissolve cellulose in organic solvents

were made. The solvents investigated by many researchers are dimethylacetamide/

lithium chloride, dimethylsulfoxide/formalin, and alkyl amine-

N

-oxide.

然而 ，

在那些研究中产生了一些满意的结果并且随后就商业化了。

从 纤维素产业来说，

铜氨

人造丝法既不是经济实惠也不生态友好， 因为它需要铜氨溶液和上述提到的一系列工业过

程。

对于纤维素 做了许多尝试来解决其在有机溶剂中溶解的问题。

许多学者研究的溶剂是二

甲乙酰胺，锂氯化物

，二甲基亚砜，福尔马林和烷基胺

- N -

氧化物。